Research Progress of Soybean Protein Adhesive:A Review

Traditional formaldehyde-based adhesives rely excessively on petrochemical resources,release toxic gases,and pollute the environment.Plant-derived soybean protein adhesives are eco-friendly materials that have the potential to replace the formaldehyde-based adhesives used to fabricate wood-based panels.However,the poor water resistance,high brittleness,and poor mildew resistance of soybean protein adhesives limit their industrial applications.This article reviews recent research progress in the modification of soybean protein adhesives for improving the bonding performance of adhesives used for wood-based panel fabrication.Modification methods were summarized in terms of water resistance,solid content,and mildew resistance.The modification mechanisms and remaining problems were also discussed.Finally,the current industrial applications and the future research direction of soybean protein adhesives are discussed.

Analysis of Wettability and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Wheat Straw/SPI

[Objective] The aim was to improve the adhesive bonding property of wheat straw surface to prepare wheat straw particleboard of soy protein isolate （SPI） adhesive through chemical and enzyme treatments. [Method] Evaluation and analysis were made on wettability of wheat straws in the control group and treated groups （chemical and enzyme treatments） by means of measurement of contact angle and calculation of spreading-penetration parameters （K）. In addition, we made analysis on surface elements through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）. [Result] The re- sults showed that K value of straw treated with sodium hydroxide, hydrogen peroxide and lipase increased by 58.0%, 48.7% and 83.2% compared to that of control group, respectively. The XPS analysis indicated that rapid decrease of silicon content and destruction of wax layer greatly contributed to wettability improvement of wheat straw surface. [Conclusion] The chemical and lipase treatments of wheat straw provided technical support for manufacture of wheat straw particle boand.

CD99and CD 106(VCAM-1)in human testis

Aim: The expression of the cytokines IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ and TNF-α and the adhesion proteins CD99 and CD106 was studied in the human testis at the protein level. Methods: The expression of the cytokines and the adhesion proteins was assessed using immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting. Results: None of the cytokines studied was present in the human testis, but CD99 and CD106 (VCAM-1) strongly were expressed in all the testes investigated. CD99 was present in the interstitial tissue of the human testis as well as in the Sertoli cells. The identity of the CD99+ interstitial cells is unclear. CD106 (VCAM-1) was present in Leydig cells as well as the basal parts of the Sertoli cells in the seminiferous tubules. In immunoblotting, CD99 was demonstrated at molecular ratios of 46-57 (kD). This is a novel isoform of the molecule. Conclusion: The human testis produces both CD99 and CD106 and as CD106 mediates cell binding to lymphocytes, it is possible that the human Leydig cells adhere to lymphocytes like the rodent Leydig cells. (Asian J Androl 2002 Dec; 4: 243-248)

Junctional adhesion molecule-like protein as a novel target for kaempferol to ameliorate lung adenocarcinoma

Objective:Although there have been improvements in targeted therapy and immunotherapy,the majority of lung adenocarcinoma(LUAD)patients still lack effective therapies.Consequently,it is urgent to screen for new diagnosis biomarkers and pharmacological targets.Junctional adhesion molecule-like protein(JAML)was considered to be an oncogenic protein and may be a novel therapeutic target in LUAD.Kaempferol is a natural flavonoid that exhibits antitumor activities in LUAD.However,the effect of kaempferol on JAML is still unknown.Methods:Small interfering RNA was used to knockdown JAML expression.The cell viability was determined using the cell counting kit-8 assay.The proliferation of LUAD cells was evaluated using the 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine incorporation assay.The migration and invasion of LUAD cells were evaluated by transwell assays.Molecular mechanisms were explored by Western blotting.Results:JAML knockdown suppressed proliferation,migration and invasion of LUAD cells,and JAML deficiency restrained epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)via inactivating the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin(PI3K/AKT/mTOR)pathway.Using a PI3K activator(740Y-P),rescue experiments showed that phenotypes to JAML knockdown in LUAD cells were dependent on the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.Kaempferol also inhibited proliferation,migration and invasion of A549 and H1299 cells and partially suppressed EMT through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.Knockdown of JAML ameliorated the inhibitory effect of kaempferol on LUAD cells.Kaempferol exerted anticancer effects by targeting JAML.Conclusion:JAML is a novel target for kaempferol against LUAD cells.

Increased tensin 4 expression is related to the histological type of gastric cancer

BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC)is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide.Tensin 4(TNS4)is an adhesive protein belonging to the tensin family.This protein is located in focal adhesion sites.The TNS4 gene is considered an oncogene in numerous cancers.This protein plays an important role in adhesion,migration and proliferation of cells.AIM To evaluate expression of TNS4 protein in GC tissues and analysis of the clinical and histopathological parameters as well as the overall survival rate of patients.METHODS The expression of TNS4 was assessed in 89 patients using immunohistochemistry.RESULTS Positive expression of TNS4 was observed in 49 of 89 patients(55.06%).Higher TNS4 expression was more common in GC tumors with a diameter≥5 cm(P=0.040).We demonstrated that an increase in TNS4 expression was more frequent in tumors of the histological type without mucinous components than in tumors from mucosal cancers(P=0.023).Furthermore,TNS4 expression was higher in moderately differentiated tumors than in poorly differentiated and non-differentiated tumors(P=0.002).Increased TNS4 expression was also noted in the intestinal type of GC according to Lauren’s classification(P=0.020).No statistically significant correlation was found between the expression of TNS4 and the overall survival rate of patients.CONCLUSION TNS4 expression was significantly higher in tumors with a diameter≥5 cm of the moderately differentiated intestinal type(according to Lauren’s classification)of GC without a mucinous component.Therefore,increased TNS4 expression is related to the histological type of GC with a better prognosis.

Effect of protein on PVDF ultrafiltration membrane fouling behavior under different pH conditions： interface adhesion force and XDLVO theory analysis

To further detem3ine the fouling behavior of bovine serum albumin （BSA） on different hydrophilic PVDF ultrafiltration （UF） membranes over a range of pH values, self-made atomic force microscopy （AFM） colloidal probes were used to detect the adhesion forces of membrane-BSA and BSA BSA, respectively. Results showed that the membrane-BSA adhesion interaction was stronger than the BSA-BSA adhesion interaction, and the adhesion force between BSA-BSA-fouled PVDF/PVA membranes was similar to that between BSA-BSA-fouled PVDF/PVP membranes, which indicated that the fouling was mainly caused by the adhesion interaction between membrane and BSA. At the same pH condition, the PVDF/PVA membrane-BSA adhesion force was smaller than that of PVDF/ PVP membrane-BSA, which illustrated that the more hydrophilic the membrane was, the better antifouling ability it had. The extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey Overbeek （XDLVO） theory predicts that the polar or Lewis acid-base （AB） interaction played a dominant role in the interracial free energy ofmcmbrane-BSA and BSA BSA that can be affected by pH. For the same membrane, the pH values of a BSA solution can have a significant impact on the process of membrane fouling by changing the AB component of free energy.

Controllable Protein Adsorption and Bacterial Adhesion on Polypyrrole Nanocone Arrays

In this research, polypyrrole nanocone arrays doped with β-Naphthalene sulphonic acid （PPy-NSA） were built. This film was expected to control protein adsorption and bacterial adhesion by potential-induced reversibly redox. The scanning Kelvin probe microscopy （SKPM） and surface contact angles （SCA） tests suggested that the surface potential and wettability of PPy-NSA nanocone arrays could be controlled by simply controlling its redox property via applying potential. The controllable surface potential and wettability in return controlled the adsorption of protein and adhesion of bacteria. The proposed material might find application in the preparation of smart biomaterial surfaces that can regulate proteins and bacterial adhesion by a simple potential switching.

A high-throughput study on endothelial cell adhesion and growth mediated by adsorbed serum protein via signaling pathway PCR array

The purpose of this paper is to utilize the signaling pathway polymerase chain reaction(PCR)arrays to investigate the activation of two important biological signaling pathways in endothelial cell adhesion and growth mediated by adsorbed serum protein on the surface of bare and titanium nitride(TiN)-coated nickel titanium(NiTi)alloys.First,the endothelial cells were cultured on the bare and TiN-coated NiTi alloys and chitosan films as control for 4 h and 24 h,respectively.Then,the total RNA of the cells was collected and the PCR arrays were performed.After that,the differentially expressed genes in the transforming growth factor beta(TGF-b)signaling pathway and the regulation of actin cytoskeleton pathway were screened out;and the further bioinformatics analyses were performed.The results showed that both TGF-b signaling pathway and regulation of actin cytoskeleton pathway were activated in the cells after 4 h and 24 h culturing on the surface of bare and TiN-coated NiTi alloys compared to the chitosan group.The activated TGF-b signaling pathway promoted cell adhesion;the activated regulation of actin cytoskeleton pathway promoted cell adhesion,spreading,growth and motility.In addition,the activation of both pathways was much stronger in the cells cultured for 24 h versus 4 h,which indicated that cell adhesion and growth became more favorable with longer time on the surface of two NiTi alloy materials.

Relationship between Two Blood Stasis Syndromes and Inflammatory Factors in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome

Objective： To investigate the relationship between inflammatory factors and two Chinese medicine（CM） syndrome types of qi stagnation and blood stasis（QSBS） and qi deficiency and blood stasis（QDBS） in patients with acute coronary syndrome（ACS）. Methods： Sixty subjects with ACS, whose pathogenesis changes belongs to qi disturbance blood stasis syndrome, were divided into 2 groups： 30 in the QSBS group and 30 in the QDBS group. The comparative analysis on them was carried out through comparing general information, coronary angiography and inflammatory factors including intracellular adhesion molecule-1（ICAM-1）, chitinase-3-like protein 1（YKL-40） and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2（Lp-PLA2）. Results： Compared with the QSBS group, Lp-PLA2 and YKL-40 levels in the QDBS group showed no-significant difference（P〉0.05）; ICAM-1 was significantly higher in the QDBS group than in the QSBS group in the pathological processes of qi disturbance and blood stasis syndrome of ACS（P〈0.05）. Conclusion： Inflammatory factor ICAM-1 may be an objective basis for syndrome typing of QSBS and QDBS, which provides a research direction for standardization research of CM syndrome types.