Objective: To investigate the vascular anatomy of the subcutaneous tissues and fascias of the leg. Methods Four fresh cadaver legs which had been injected with colored latex were dissected under magnification to ident...Objective: To investigate the vascular anatomy of the subcutaneous tissues and fascias of the leg. Methods Four fresh cadaver legs which had been injected with colored latex were dissected under magnification to identify the origin, course an distribution of vessels from the subfascial level to the skin. The adipofascial flap was harvested from the whole medial side of the leg and fascial flap from other leg of the same cadaver. The posterior tibial artery and its first and second supra-malleolus septal arteries were retained in these flaps. Selective injection of China ink through posterior tibial artery was carried out, and dimension of inkstained areas was recorded. Results Three main trunk vessels of the leg gave off branches to deep fascia and subcutaneous tissues, forming a large vascular plexus in the subcutaneous tissues on the deep fascia and a delicate, but dense and well anastomosed vascular plexus beneath the deep fascia. The vascular plexus in the subcutaneous tissues ran deeper than the superficial venous system. The areas stained by selective injection in adipo fascial flaps were larger than those in the fascial flaps. Conclusion Subcutaneous tissues and deep fascia can he considered as an anatomic entity nourished by two very well developed vascular networks which lie on both sides of deep fascia. Incorporation of the deep fascia can not only protect the subcutaneous tissue from being lacerated during raising of the flap, but also enhance vascularity of the adipofascial flap. leaving superficial veins intact while raising the skin flap does not jeopardize the vascular plexus in the subcutaneous tissues and can preserve the superficial lymphatic vessels, so that postoperative edema of the flap or the leg could be avoided.展开更多
Reconstruction of dorsal hand soft tissue defects after severe injury is challenging for surgeons.Depending on the degree of defect,extensor tendon reconstruction may also be necessary.Various reconstruction methods a...Reconstruction of dorsal hand soft tissue defects after severe injury is challenging for surgeons.Depending on the degree of defect,extensor tendon reconstruction may also be necessary.Various reconstruction methods are commonly performed to cover dorsal hand defects,such as skin grafting and distant,free,or local flaps.Among them,free vascularized flap transplantation is an ideal procedure because the major vessels that feed the local flap may have been damaged,and the affected limb can be reconstructed using a flow-through method.Although free flap surgery has advanced,few surgeons can choose this option due to its technical difficulty and uncertainty.On the other hand,distant flaps have been commonly used for the reconstruction of dorsal hand defects,and local flaps,such as reverse forearm flaps and retrograde posterior interosseous flaps,do not require microvascular anastomosis.However,they have some problems;distant flaps require at least two surgeries,reverse forearm flaps sacrifice major vessels and leave a scar at the donor site,and retrograde posterior interosseous flaps require meticulous dissection of the vascular pedicle.The radial artery perforator-based adipofascial flap is a versatile flap that is safe and easy to elevate without sacrificing the radial artery.In addition,elevating it as an adipofascial flap enables surgeons to avoid an unacceptable donor scar.We present two cases,demonstrating the usefulness of this pedicled perforator flap.展开更多
We report a case of blast injury to the left hand which resulted in fractures of the fingers with exposure of bones and joints of the phalanges. We used three reverse adipofascial cross finger flaps raised at the same...We report a case of blast injury to the left hand which resulted in fractures of the fingers with exposure of bones and joints of the phalanges. We used three reverse adipofascial cross finger flaps raised at the same time from 2 fingers to reconstruct adjacent fingers of the patient. The patient recovered well postoperatively and had good range of movement of the fingers. This avoided the complications of the use of regional or distal flaps. To our knowledge, this is the first case reported in which three reverse adipofascial cross fingers flaps are raised at the same time, two of them from an injured finger, to cover three raw areas on two fingers of a patient.展开更多
We report a case of 22 years old male patient who is a worker in a factory and sustained degloving injury of his left thumb in a machine while working. There was loss of the pulp of the thumb extending circumferential...We report a case of 22 years old male patient who is a worker in a factory and sustained degloving injury of his left thumb in a machine while working. There was loss of the pulp of the thumb extending circumferentially to the dorsal aspect with loss of the skin of the terminal phalanx and part of the proximal phalanx. The nail and germinal matrix were lost with exposure of the bone and extensor pollicis longus tendon insertion. The thumb was totally covered with a combination of two flaps: Moberg flap with V-Y advancement was used to cover most of the volar surface of the thumb and reverse adipofascial cross finger flap from the adjacent index finger was used to cover the dorsal surface and the tip of the thumb. The reverse adipofascial cross finger flap was covered with split thickness skin graft. Three weeks later this flap was divided and the thumb was mobilized freely. The patient had a full range of movement of the thumb and index finger with few settings of physiotherapy postoperatively. We recommend combining both of these flaps to reconstruct degloving injury of the thumb as they provide near adjacent tissue of similar texture, preserve sensation at the volar aspect of the thumb and also avoid the complications of the distant flaps.展开更多
文摘Objective: To investigate the vascular anatomy of the subcutaneous tissues and fascias of the leg. Methods Four fresh cadaver legs which had been injected with colored latex were dissected under magnification to identify the origin, course an distribution of vessels from the subfascial level to the skin. The adipofascial flap was harvested from the whole medial side of the leg and fascial flap from other leg of the same cadaver. The posterior tibial artery and its first and second supra-malleolus septal arteries were retained in these flaps. Selective injection of China ink through posterior tibial artery was carried out, and dimension of inkstained areas was recorded. Results Three main trunk vessels of the leg gave off branches to deep fascia and subcutaneous tissues, forming a large vascular plexus in the subcutaneous tissues on the deep fascia and a delicate, but dense and well anastomosed vascular plexus beneath the deep fascia. The vascular plexus in the subcutaneous tissues ran deeper than the superficial venous system. The areas stained by selective injection in adipo fascial flaps were larger than those in the fascial flaps. Conclusion Subcutaneous tissues and deep fascia can he considered as an anatomic entity nourished by two very well developed vascular networks which lie on both sides of deep fascia. Incorporation of the deep fascia can not only protect the subcutaneous tissue from being lacerated during raising of the flap, but also enhance vascularity of the adipofascial flap. leaving superficial veins intact while raising the skin flap does not jeopardize the vascular plexus in the subcutaneous tissues and can preserve the superficial lymphatic vessels, so that postoperative edema of the flap or the leg could be avoided.
文摘Reconstruction of dorsal hand soft tissue defects after severe injury is challenging for surgeons.Depending on the degree of defect,extensor tendon reconstruction may also be necessary.Various reconstruction methods are commonly performed to cover dorsal hand defects,such as skin grafting and distant,free,or local flaps.Among them,free vascularized flap transplantation is an ideal procedure because the major vessels that feed the local flap may have been damaged,and the affected limb can be reconstructed using a flow-through method.Although free flap surgery has advanced,few surgeons can choose this option due to its technical difficulty and uncertainty.On the other hand,distant flaps have been commonly used for the reconstruction of dorsal hand defects,and local flaps,such as reverse forearm flaps and retrograde posterior interosseous flaps,do not require microvascular anastomosis.However,they have some problems;distant flaps require at least two surgeries,reverse forearm flaps sacrifice major vessels and leave a scar at the donor site,and retrograde posterior interosseous flaps require meticulous dissection of the vascular pedicle.The radial artery perforator-based adipofascial flap is a versatile flap that is safe and easy to elevate without sacrificing the radial artery.In addition,elevating it as an adipofascial flap enables surgeons to avoid an unacceptable donor scar.We present two cases,demonstrating the usefulness of this pedicled perforator flap.
文摘We report a case of blast injury to the left hand which resulted in fractures of the fingers with exposure of bones and joints of the phalanges. We used three reverse adipofascial cross finger flaps raised at the same time from 2 fingers to reconstruct adjacent fingers of the patient. The patient recovered well postoperatively and had good range of movement of the fingers. This avoided the complications of the use of regional or distal flaps. To our knowledge, this is the first case reported in which three reverse adipofascial cross fingers flaps are raised at the same time, two of them from an injured finger, to cover three raw areas on two fingers of a patient.
文摘We report a case of 22 years old male patient who is a worker in a factory and sustained degloving injury of his left thumb in a machine while working. There was loss of the pulp of the thumb extending circumferentially to the dorsal aspect with loss of the skin of the terminal phalanx and part of the proximal phalanx. The nail and germinal matrix were lost with exposure of the bone and extensor pollicis longus tendon insertion. The thumb was totally covered with a combination of two flaps: Moberg flap with V-Y advancement was used to cover most of the volar surface of the thumb and reverse adipofascial cross finger flap from the adjacent index finger was used to cover the dorsal surface and the tip of the thumb. The reverse adipofascial cross finger flap was covered with split thickness skin graft. Three weeks later this flap was divided and the thumb was mobilized freely. The patient had a full range of movement of the thumb and index finger with few settings of physiotherapy postoperatively. We recommend combining both of these flaps to reconstruct degloving injury of the thumb as they provide near adjacent tissue of similar texture, preserve sensation at the volar aspect of the thumb and also avoid the complications of the distant flaps.
