Advanced glycation end products(AGEs)are a heterogeneous collection of compounds formed during industrial processing and home cooking through a sequence of nonenzymatic glycation reactions.The modern western diet is f...Advanced glycation end products(AGEs)are a heterogeneous collection of compounds formed during industrial processing and home cooking through a sequence of nonenzymatic glycation reactions.The modern western diet is full of heat-treated foods that contribute to AGE intake.Foods high in AGEs in the contemporary diet include processed cereal products.Due to industrialization and marketing strategies,restaurant meals are modified rather than being traditionally or conventionally cooked.Fried,grilled,baked,and boiled foods have the greatest AGE levels.Higher AGE-content foods include dry nuts,roasted walnuts,sunflower seeds,fried chicken,bacon,and beef.Animal proteins and processed plant foods contain furosine,acrylamide,heterocyclic amines,and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural.Furosine(2-furoil-methyl-lysine)is an amino acid found in cooked meat products and other processed foods.High concentrations of carboxymethyl-lysine,carboxyethyl-lysine,and methylglyoxal-O are found in heat-treated nonvegetarian foods,peanut butter,and cereal items.Increased plasma levels of AGEs,which are harmful chemicals that lead to age-related diseases and physiological aging,diabetes,and autoimmune/inflammatory rheumatic diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis.AGEs in the pathophysiology of metabolic diseases have been linked to individuals with diabetes mellitus who have peripheral nerves with high amounts of AGEs and diabetes has been linked to increased myelin glycation.Insulin resistance and hyperglycemia can impact numerous human tissues and organs,leading to long-term difficulties in a number of systems and organs,including the cardiovascular system.Plasma AGE levels are linked to all-cause mortality in individuals with diabetes who have fatal or nonfatal coronary artery disease,such as ventricular dysfunction.High levels of tissue AGEs are independently associated with cardiac systolic dysfunction in diabetic patients with heart failure compared with diabetic patients without heart failure.It is widely recognized that AGEs and oxidative stress play a key role in the cardiovascular complications of diabetes because they both influence and are impacted by oxidative stress.All chronic illnesses involve protein,lipid,or nucleic acid modifications including crosslinked and nondegradable aggregates known as AGEs.Endogenous AGE formation or dietary AGE uptake can result in additional protein modifications and stimulation of several inflammatory signaling pathways.Many of these systems,however,require additional explanation because they are not entirely obvious.This review summarizes the current evidence regarding dietary sources of AGEs and metabolism-related complications associated with AGEs.展开更多
基金Supported by the Deputyship for Research and Innovation,Ministry of Education and Qassim University,Saudi Arabia(Project No.QUIF-2-2-1-27012).
文摘Advanced glycation end products(AGEs)are a heterogeneous collection of compounds formed during industrial processing and home cooking through a sequence of nonenzymatic glycation reactions.The modern western diet is full of heat-treated foods that contribute to AGE intake.Foods high in AGEs in the contemporary diet include processed cereal products.Due to industrialization and marketing strategies,restaurant meals are modified rather than being traditionally or conventionally cooked.Fried,grilled,baked,and boiled foods have the greatest AGE levels.Higher AGE-content foods include dry nuts,roasted walnuts,sunflower seeds,fried chicken,bacon,and beef.Animal proteins and processed plant foods contain furosine,acrylamide,heterocyclic amines,and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural.Furosine(2-furoil-methyl-lysine)is an amino acid found in cooked meat products and other processed foods.High concentrations of carboxymethyl-lysine,carboxyethyl-lysine,and methylglyoxal-O are found in heat-treated nonvegetarian foods,peanut butter,and cereal items.Increased plasma levels of AGEs,which are harmful chemicals that lead to age-related diseases and physiological aging,diabetes,and autoimmune/inflammatory rheumatic diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis.AGEs in the pathophysiology of metabolic diseases have been linked to individuals with diabetes mellitus who have peripheral nerves with high amounts of AGEs and diabetes has been linked to increased myelin glycation.Insulin resistance and hyperglycemia can impact numerous human tissues and organs,leading to long-term difficulties in a number of systems and organs,including the cardiovascular system.Plasma AGE levels are linked to all-cause mortality in individuals with diabetes who have fatal or nonfatal coronary artery disease,such as ventricular dysfunction.High levels of tissue AGEs are independently associated with cardiac systolic dysfunction in diabetic patients with heart failure compared with diabetic patients without heart failure.It is widely recognized that AGEs and oxidative stress play a key role in the cardiovascular complications of diabetes because they both influence and are impacted by oxidative stress.All chronic illnesses involve protein,lipid,or nucleic acid modifications including crosslinked and nondegradable aggregates known as AGEs.Endogenous AGE formation or dietary AGE uptake can result in additional protein modifications and stimulation of several inflammatory signaling pathways.Many of these systems,however,require additional explanation because they are not entirely obvious.This review summarizes the current evidence regarding dietary sources of AGEs and metabolism-related complications associated with AGEs.
文摘目的:研究有氧运动结合抗阻训练、饮食调理对2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)患者并发症和生活质量的影响.方法:选取2018年1月至2018年8月皖北煤电集团总医院首次确诊的T2DM患者92例,采用随机数字表法均分为两组各46例,对照组给予饮食调理和有氧运动联合干预,观察组在此基础上加用抗阻训练,两组干预时间均为3个月,比较两组干预后血糖、血脂及生活质量变化以及T2DM并发症发生情况.结果:干预后,两组FBG,2 h PG及HbA1c水平均明显降低(P<0.05),且观察组FBG,2 h PG及HbA1c水平低于对照组;两组血清TG,TC及LDL-C水平均明显降低(P<0.05),且观察组血清TG,TC及LDL-C水平低于对照组;两组DSQL生理功能、心理精神、社会关系及治疗评分均明显升高(P<0.05),且观察组各维度评分高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组和对照组T2DM并发症发生率分别为6.52%和13.04%(P>0.05).结论:有氧运动结合抗阻训练、饮食调理干预可明显提升T2DM患者血糖和血脂控制水平,改善患者生活质量.