Seasonal variations of particulate silicon in the Changjiang (Yangtze River) Estuary and its adjacent area

Temporal and spatial distribution of biogenic （BSi） and lithogenic （LSi） silica were studied in the Changjiang （Yangtze River） Estuary and its adjacent area. The annual average BSi and LSi concentrations were （1.714-1.79） #mol/L and （0.564-1.41） mmol/L, respectively. Both BSi and LSi were high ii~. tbe inshore ar- eas, where they received terrigenous discharge from the Changjiang, and decreased towards the offshore region. BSi and LSi were most abundant at the near bottom layer due to the high sedimentation rates and resuspension of sediment. Diatom blooms occurred in summer with high Chl a concentration in the sur- face layer, which induced that BSi in the surface layer during summer was obviously higher than that in the surface layer of other seasons. LSi concentration was maximal in autumn and spring and minimum in summer, associated with the seasonal variation of SPM values. Drifting investigation and mesocosm exper- iments were conducted during dinoflagellate bloom, aiming to understand the effect of nutrients on BSi by changing the phytoplankton composition. The results show that the low dissolved inorganic phosphorus concentration and high molar ratio of N/P （dissolved inorganic nitrogen vs. dissolved inorganic phospho- rus）, were the important factors for decreasing diatom biomass in the study area, and it would subsequently decrease the BSi concentration in aquatic ecosystem.

Spatial distributions of organic carbon and nitrogen and their isotopic compositions in sediments of the Changjiang Estuary and its adjacent sea area

The spatial distribution patterns of total organic carbon and total nitrogen show significant correlations with currents of the East China Sea Shelf. Corresponding to distributions of these currents, the study area could be divided into four different parts. Total organic carbon, total nitrogen, and organic carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes in sediments show linear correlations with mean grain size, respectively, thus ＂grain size effect＂ is an important factor that influences their distributions. C/N ratios can reflect source information of organic matter to a certain degree. In contrast, nitrogen stable isotope shows different spatial distribution patterns with C/N and organic carbon stable isotope, according to their relationships and regional distributions. The highest contribution （up to 50%） of terrestrial organic carbon appears near the Changjiang Estuary with isolines projecting towards northeast, indicating the influence of the Changjiang dilution water. Terrestrial particulate organic matter suffers from effects of diagenesis, benthos and incessant inputting of dead organic matter of plankton, after depositing in seabed. Therefore, the contribution of terrestrial organic carbon to particulate organic matter is obviously greater than that to organic matter in sediments in the same place.

The partial pressure of carbon dioxide and air-sea fluxes in the Changjiang River Estuary and adjacent Hangzhou Bay

The distributions of partial pressure of carbon dioxide （pCO2） in the surface waters of the Changjiang River Estuary and adjacent Hangzhou Bay were examined in the summer of 2010. Surface water pCO2 ranged from 751-2 095/zatm （1 atm=101 325 Pa） in the inner estuary, 177-1 036/zatm in the outer estuary, and 498-1 166 μatm in Hangzhou Bay. Overall, surface pCO2 behaved conservatively during the estuary mixing. In the inner estuary, surface pCO2 was relatively high due to urbanized pollution and a high respiration rate. The lowest pCO2 was observed in the outer estuary, which was apparently induced by a phytoplankton bloom because the dissolved oxygen and chlorophyll a were very high. The Changjiang River Estuary was a significant source of atmospheric CO2 and the degassing fluxes were estimated as 0-230 mmol/（m2.d） [61 mmol/（m2.d） on average] in the inner estuary. In contrast, the outer estuary acted as a CO2 sink.

Seasonal Changes in Phytoplankton Biomass and Dominant Species in the Changjiang River Estuary and Adjacent Seas:General Trends Based on Field Survey Data 1959-2009

The characteristics of seasonal variation in phytoplankton biomass and dominant species in the Changjiang River Estuary and adjacent seas were discussed based on field investigation data from 1959 to 2009. The field data from 1981 to 2004 showed that the Chlorophyll-a concentration in surface seawater was between 0.4 and 8.5 μg dm-3. The seasonal changes generally presented a bimodal trend, with the biomass peaks occurring in May and August, and Chlorophyll-a concentration was the lowest in winter. Seasonal biomass changes were mainly controlled by temperature and nutrient levels. From the end of autumn to the next early spring, phytoplankton biomass was mainly influenced by temperature, and in other seasons, nutrient level(including the nutrient supply from the terrestrial runoffs) was the major influence factor. Field investigation data from 1959 to 2009 demonstrated that diatoms were the main phytoplankton in this area, and Skeletonema costatum, Pseudo-nitzschia pungens, Coscinodiscus oculus-iridis, Thalassinoema nitzschioides, Paralia sulcata, Chaetoceros lorenzianus, Chaetoceros curvisetus, and Prorocentrum donghaiense Lu were common dominant species. The seasonal variations in major dominant phytoplankton species presented the following trends: 1) Skeletonema(mainly S. costatum) was dominant throughout the year; and 2) seasonal succession trends were Coscinodiscus(spring) →Chaetoceros(summer and autumn) → Coscinodiscus(winter). The annual dominance of S. costatum was attributed to its environmental eurytopicity and long standing time in surface waters. The seasonal succession of Coscinodiscus and Chaetoceros was associated with the seasonal variation in water stability and nutrient level in this area. On the other hand, long-term field data also indicated obvious interannual variation of phytoplankton biomass and community structure in the Changjiang River Estuary and adjacent seas: average annual phytoplankton biomass and dinoflagellate proportion both presented increased trends during the 1950 s-2000 s.

IMPACTS OF FUTURE SEA LEVEL RISE ON SALT WATER INTRUSION IN THE CHANGJIANG RIVER ESTUARY

Sea level rise could increase the salinity of an estuary by altering the balance between fresh water and salt water. The implications of sea level rise for increasing salinity have been examined in the Changjiang (Yangtze) River estuary. By correlative analysis of chlorinity, discharge and tidal level and calculation of two-dimensional chlorinity, distribution of the Changjiang River estuary, the changes of the intensity and lasting hours of salt water intrusion at Wusong Station and the changes of chlorinity distribution in the South Branch of the Changjiang River estuary have been estimated when future sea level rises 50-100 cm. The intensity of salt water intrusion in the future will be far more serious than current trend.

Validation and application of soil moisture active passive sea surface salinity observation over the Changjiang River Estuary

Using sea surface salinity(SSS)observation from the soil moisture active passive(SMAP)mission,we analyzed the spatial distribution and seasonal variation of SSS around Changjiang River(Yangtze River)Estuary for the period of September 2015 to August 2018.First,we found that the SSS from SMAP is more accurate than soil moisture and ocean salinity(SMOS)mission observation when comparing with the in situ observations.Then,the SSS signature of the Changjiang River freshwater was analyzed using SMAP data and the river discharge data from the Datong hydrological station.The results show that the SSS around the Changjiang River Estuary is significantly lower than that of the open ocean,and shows significant seasonal variation.The minimum value of SSS appears in July and maximum SSS in December.The root mean square difference of daily SSS between SMAP observation and in situ observation is around 3 in both summer and winter,which is much lower than the annual range of SSS variation.In summer,the diffusion direction of the Changjiang River freshwater depicted by SSS from SMAP is consistent with the path of freshwater from in situ observation,suggesting that SMAP observation may be used in coastal seas in monitoring the diffusion and advection of freshwater discharge.

Study of radioactive status in the Zhujiang Estuary and adjacent sea area in South China Sea (SCS)

Through the investigation on radioactive activities of water, sediment and some marine organismsin the Zhujiang Estuary, adjacent sea area and the distributary mouths of the Zhujiang River, activities of total α. radioactivity, total β radioactivity, artificial radioactive 90Srand 157Cs, and factors inflencing the distribution and the content of U in seawater are studied.The mainly radioactive pollution substances and their sources in the sea area are studied by γ spectra obtained from sediment in the sea area. The results show that the main radioactivity substances are natural radioactivity U,Th series and 40K. which were produced by the modern industry and transported into the sea through the main current of the Zhujiang River.

Concentrations and sinking rates of transparent exopolymer particles(TEPs)in a coastal sea:the Changjiang River(Yangtze River)Estuary

Transparent exopolymer particles(TEPs)are ubiquitous throughout the oceans,and their sedimentation is considered an efficient biological carbon sink pathway.To investigate the role of coastal TEPs in sinking carbon from the upper layer,samples were collected in the spring and summer of 2011 in the Changjiang River(Yangtze River)Estuary,a typical coastal water.The concentrations and sinking rates of TEPs were measured,and potential sedimentation flux of TEPs was estimated.TEPs concentrations ranged from 40.00μg/L to 1040.00μg/L(mean=(209.70±240.93)μg/L)in spring and 56.67μg/L to 1423.33μg/L(mean=(433.33±393.02)μg/L)in summer,and they were higher at bloom stations than at non-bloom stations during both cruises.A significant positive correlation between TEPs concentration and chlorophyll a(Chl a)concentration was detected,suggesting that phytoplankton was the primary source of TEPs in this area.TEPs sinking rates ranged from 0.08 m/d to 0.57 m/d with a mean of(0.28±0.14)m/d in spring and 0.10 m/d to 1.08 m/d with a mean of(0.34±0.31)m/d in summer.The potential sedimentation flux of TEP-C ranged from 4.95 mg/(m2·d)to 29.40 mg/(m2·d)with a mean of(14.66±8.83)mg/(m2·d)in spring and 6.80 mg/(m2·d)to 30.45 mg/(m2·d)with a mean of(15.71±8.73)mg/(m2·d)in summer,which was^17.81%to 138.27%(mean=65.15%±31.75%)of sedimentation flux of phytoplankton cells in the study area.Due to the increase of TEPs concentrations and their sinking rates,sedimentation fluxes of TEPs at the bloom station were obviously higher than at the non-bloom station during both cruises.This study indicates that TEPs serve as a carbon sink in the Changjiang River Estuary,especially during bloom events,and their sedimentation should be taken into account when we study the carbon sedimentation in the coastal sea.

Peaked abundance of Calanus sinicus earlier shifted in the Changjiang River (Yangtze River) Estuary:a comparable study between 1959,2002 and 2005

The sea surface temperature （SST） of the East China Sea （ECS） increased in the past decades, which may have a great impact on the ecosystem of the ECS, including the changes in planktonpopulation structure. In this paper, the changes in peaked abundance of Calanus sinicus in the Changjiang River （Yangtze River） Estuary were compared between 1959 and 2002, based on the data collected from the seasonally oceanographic cruises and those performed in spring of 2005. It was much higher in spring compared with that in other seasons both in 1959 and 2002. Furthermore, in spring 2005, the time for occurrence and decrease of the peaked C. sinicus abundance advanced about one month, accompanying the increase in the sea surface water temperature （SST）. It peaked in June and decreased in July in 1959, however, in 2005, it peaked in May and attenuated sharply in early June. The earlier decrease of peaked C. sinicus abundance may further deteriorate the ecosystem in the Changjiang River Estuary and north nearshore of the ECS.

Effect of regional warming on the abundance of P seudeuphausia sinica Wang et Chen(Euphausiacea)off the Changjiang River(Yangtze River)Estuary

Distribution and abundance of Pseudeuphausia sinica off the Changjiang River Estuary （30 ° 00′ – 32 ° 00′ N, 122 ° 00′ –123 ° 30 ′E）, the East China Sea were studied in relation to environmental features associated with the regional warming. P. sinica is a subtropical species. Off the Changjiang River Estuary, its abundance reached maximum in summer. To examine spatial and temporal changes of P. sinica off the Changjiang River Estuary, the authors have combined all available sampling data in 1979, 1981, and 2000–2007. This database shows that a significant increase in abundances of P. sinica was observed in spring of 2000–2007 as compared with 1979, 1981. The abundance of P. sinica increased from 0.18–0.21 ind./m 3 in 1979 and 1981 to 0.68–4.00 ind./m 3 in 2000–2007. Accordingly, the sea temperature increased obviously from spring of 1979, 1981 to the 2000s. The authors further found a positive relationship between average surface temperature and average abundance of P. sinica. Regional warming, together with the release of predator induced stress due to a sharp decline in the abundance of its predator （e.g., fishes）, were thought to be responsible for the increase in abundance of P. sinica in water off the Changjiang River Estuary.

Effects of dissolved oxygen and nutrients from the Kuroshio on hypoxia off the Changjiang River estuary

The intrusion of the Kuroshio into the East China Sea(ECS)aff ects the development of hypoxia off the Changjiang(Yangtze)River estuary;however,quantitative analysis of its impacts is lacking.In this study,the Regional Ocean Modeling Systems(ROMS)model coupled with the Carbon,Silicate and Nitrogen Ecosystem(CoSiNE)model was used to investigate the relative importance of dissolved oxygen(DO)and diff erent nutrients(silicate,nitrate,and phosphate)in the Kuroshio on hypoxia in the ECS.Results show that changes in DO concentrations in the Kuroshio modify the distribution and intensity of hypoxia through direct onshore transport by hydrodynamic processes.An increase in Kuroshio DO concentration by 25%or 50%would result in a decrease of the maximum hypoxia extent(MHE)in the ECS by 76%or 86%,respectively,while a 25%decrease in Kuroshio DO would increase the MHE by up to 219%.The contribution of DO in the Taiwan Strait is almost negligible.In contrast to Kuroshio DO,nutrients aff ect hypoxia in the ECS through onshore transport by hydrodynamic and biochemical processes.Changes in phosphate and nitrate concentrations by 25%in the Kuroshio would change the MHE by up to 30%and 18%,respectively,accompanied by apparent changes in surface chlorophyll-a concentrations.The eff ect of silicate on hypoxia is negligible because a 25%change in silicate concentrations in the Kuroshio would result in less than 1%change in the MHE.Our results reveal a hierarchical rank of importance for environmental variables in the Kuroshio(i.e.,DO>phosphate>nitrate>silicate)in modifying the development of hypoxia in the ECS.

Long-term changes in sedimentary diatom assemblages and their environmental implications in the Changjiang(Yangtze) River estuary, China

Long-term data on diatom assemblages in a sediment core(60 cm) obtained from the Changjiang(Yangtze) River estuary were analyzed in order to assess the environmental changes that took place in the approximately 38 years(as determined by 210 Pb measurements), i.e., between 1974 and 2012, of sediment accumulation. From the sediment core, 62 diatom taxa and genera were identifi ed. The diatom biomass in the core generally increased beginning in the mid-1990s(core depth: 35 cm), accompanied by a shift in the dominant species from Podosira stelliger and two species of Cyclotella( C. stylorum and C. striata) to Paralia sulcata, three species of Thalassiosira( T. eccentria, T. oestrupii, and T. excentrica), Actinoptychus undulates, and Thalassionema nitzschioides. The changes in both species diversity and abundance suggested that since the 1980s the estuary has undergone extensive eutrophication. This conclusion was supported by the increased proportion of planktonic species, another indicator of high nutrients inputs, in the Changjiang River estuary.

长江口及其邻近海域表层水中溶解Mn浓度的季节变化特征

锰(Mn)是海洋中的生命必需痕量元素。河口位于河流和海洋的交界区域,其对Mn的改造作用会影响陆源Mn向海输送的生物地球化学过程。本研究使用自动固相萃取−电感耦合等离子体联用技术对2019年9月(秋季)、2021年3月(春季)和2021年7月(夏季)长江口及其邻近水域的表层溶解Mn浓度进行了测定和分析。结果显示,溶解Mn的平均浓度和河口行为表现出了季节性差异:夏季的溶解Mn浓度最高,表现为先移除后添加的分布特征;秋季的溶解Mn浓度次之,表现为添加型分布;春季的溶解Mn浓度最低,表现为保守型分布。显著性分析结果表明,长江携带的溶解Mn仅在淡水端元浓度值较高的季节会显著影响长江口及其邻近水域溶解Mn的分布;当长江淡水端元浓度值较低时,长江口溶解Mn则受多种生物地球化学过程的共同主导。长江口的中低盐度海水中高悬浮颗粒物浓度是造成该区域溶解Mn移除的重要因素,而高盐度海水中溶解Mn的添加机制则有待进一步研究。

基于空间插值的长江口邻近海域春季悬浮物和叶绿素a空间分布分析

针对目前利用实测数据对长江口邻近海域水质状况进行分析研究相对偏少的情况,基于“淞航”号2018年春季航次对该海域的综合观测,利用实验室水样分析数据对船载温盐深仪(CTD)的测量数据进行校正,并对该区域2018年春季时节悬浮物(TSM)和叶绿素a(Chl-a)浓度的空间插值结果进行分析。研究结果表明:CTD观测数据与水样分析数据呈较强线性相关关系。反距离权重插值对TSM和Chl-a浓度空间分布具有整体最优的效果。TSM浓度在近岸和近海底较高,在观测区域内出现两个高值中心;Chl-a浓度在近岸海域较高,有较明显的片状高值结构,垂向上表层较高。TSM与Chl-a浓度分布在长江口南北表现出不同的特征,且两者具有一定的负相关性。长江径流、外海洋流、潮汐混合等水动力过程是影响该区域TSM和Chl-a浓度分布的主要因素。

秋季长江口及邻近海域有色溶解有机物的分布及河口混合行为

【目的】探究秋季长江口及邻近海域有色溶解有机物(chromophoric dissolved organic matter,CDOM)的分布特征与河口混合行为及影响CDOM分布的因素,以深入了解本研究区域CDOM动态变化机制。【方法】测定研究海域溶解有机碳(dissolved organic carbon,DOC)质量浓度、吸收系数a(350)等参数,分析CDOM含量水平;使用三维荧光光谱-平行因子分析(EEMs-PARAFAC)技术鉴别研究海域CDOM荧光组分。运用物理稀释模型分析CDOM河口混合行为。【结果】研究海域b-a4断面DOC质量浓度的变化范围为0.92~2.36 mg·L^(-1),c-a6断面DOC质量浓度的变化范围为1.00~2.40 mg·L^(-1)。b-a4断面a(350)的变化范围为0.22~1.60 m^(-1),c-a6断面a(350)的变化范围为0.15~1.42 m^(-1)。b-a4断面光谱斜率S275-295的变化范围为0.014~0.022 nm^(-1),c-a6断面S275-295的变化范围为0.016~0.024 nm^(-1)。鉴定出4个荧光组分:类腐殖质组分C1(激发波长265 nm、发射波长445 nm)、类蛋白质组分C2(275、325 nm)、类腐殖质组分C3(245、390 nm)和类蛋白质组分C4(235、340 nm)。【结论】长江口及邻近海域DOC质量浓度和a(350)均呈现出由长江口内向口外逐渐减小的趋势,陆源输入是影响CDOM分布的主要因素;远岸S275-295值高于近岸,主要受浮游生物生产活动的影响,陆源输入影响小;4个荧光组分的高值都出现在河口处,且随离岸距离增加而降低,这是受到陆源输入的影响;两个断面的4个荧光组分均符合理论稀释线,CDOM整体呈现保守混合行为。

Optimization of Shanghai Marine Environmental Monitoring Sites in the Identification of Boundaries of Different Water Quality Grades

Water quality is critical to ensure that marine resources and the environment are utilized in a sustainable manner. The objective of this study is therefore to investigate the optimum placement of marine environmental monitoring sites to monitor water quality in Shanghai, China. To improve the mapping or estimation accuracy of the areas with different water quality grades, the monitoring sites were fixed in transition bands between areas of different grades rather than in other positions. Following bidirectional optimization method, first, 18 candidate sites were selected by filtering out specific site categories. Second, three of these were, in turn, eliminated because of the rule defined by the changes in the areas of water quality grades and by the standard deviation of the interpolation errors of dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN) and phosphate(PO_4-P). Furthermore, indicator kriging was employed to depict the transition bands between different water quality grades whenever new sampling sites were added. The four optimization projects of the newly added sites reveal that, all optimized sites were distributed in the transition bands of different water grades, and at the same time in the areas where the historical sites were sparsely distributed. New sites were also found in the overlap region of different transition bands. Additional sites were especially required in these regions to discriminate the boundaries of different water quality grades. Using the bidirectional optimization method of the monitoring sites, the boundaries of different water quality grades could be determined with a higher precision. As a result, the interpolation errors of DIN and PO_4-P could theoretically decrease.

粤港澳大湾区近海中小型浮游动物分布特征及影响因素

为阐明粤港澳大湾区近海水文动力和人为活动引起的环境变化对浮游动物群落结构的影响,于2019年7月(夏季)和2020年12月(冬季)在粤港澳大湾区近海珠江口、大亚湾、黄茅海三个断面进行浮游动物采样,比较分析中小型浮游动物的群落特征,并探讨引起其季节和区域差异的影响因素。调查海域共鉴定中小型浮游动物211种(包括浮游幼虫),其中桡足类占总种数的42.18%,浮游动物的多样性、丰度呈现明显的季节和区域差异。浮游动物种数和平均丰度均为夏季高于冬季,远岸海域物种多样性高于近岸。浮游动物丰度高值区在两个季节均位于珠江口咸淡水交汇区域;夏季河口水域的平均丰度高于大亚湾水域的,冬季丰度分布无明显差异。聚类分析结果显示,调查海域夏季整体分为河口、海湾、远岸3个类群,珠江口水域受径流影响较大,与大亚湾之间群落结构差异明显;而冬季河口与海湾近岸水域群落结构差异不明显。强额孔雀哲水蚤(Parvocalanus crassirostris)、短角长腹剑水蚤(Oithona brevicornis)在夏季和冬季均为优势种,厦门矮隆哲水蚤(Bestiolina amoyensis)、中华异水蚤(Acartiella sinensis)、简长腹剑水蚤(Oithona simplex)等为夏季优势种,小拟哲水蚤(Paracalanus parvus)等为冬季优势种。Pearson相关性分析与冗余分析表明大湾区近海浮游动物丰度与温度、盐度、叶绿素a浓度及营养物质的关系存在种间、季节和区域差异,表明湾区复杂的水体环境条件对中小型浮游动物群落结构存在潜在影响。

长江口及邻近海域现代生物扰动构造定量表征及影响因素

生物扰动构造是表征海底环境状态的重要指标,是古沉积环境重建的主要依据,且它影响沉积物早期成岩作用以及物质的再分配,成为百年尺度沉积记录解读的干扰因素。本文基于长江口及其邻近海域的21个站位的沉积物岩心,利用高分辨X射线计算机断层扫描技术,通过matlab的数据处理,定性和定量表征了该区生物扰动构造,分析了影响生物扰动构造的主要因素。研究表明:长江口及邻近海域生物扰动构造较为发育,从功能上划分为生物扩散构造、运输构造、交换构造和廓道扩散构造4种类型,运输构造和廓道扩散构造常见;生物扰动构造在岩心中分布形式多样,包括指数衰减型、波动衰减型、均匀分布型、脉冲分布型等垂向分布形式;扰动深度深浅不一,多数在20cm以内,但也有超过40cm者;生物扰动构造空间上不均一,长江口及内陆架较发育,扰动构造体积在0~13972mm^(3)之间,而苏北沿岸、中陆架则较少,扰动构造体积在351~3212mm^(3)之间,从岸向外生物扰动构造有减少趋势。生物扰动构造发育程度主要受底质类型、沉积速率制约,黏土质粉砂以及适宜的沉积速率(0.52~1.34cm/a)有利于生物扰动构造发育和保存。

基于DPSIR的黄河口及毗邻海域生态系统健康评价

为综合评价黄河口及毗邻海域的生态系统健康状况,借鉴驱动力-压力-状态-影响-响应(DPSIR)模型,选取人口增长率、年径流量、富营养化指数、浮游植物多样性指数、生态环境治理投资等28个反映生态系统健康状况的因子建立评价指标体系。基于实测和统计数据等基础资料,采用层次分析法和综合指数法对2011—2020年黄河口及毗邻海域生态系统健康状况和变化趋势进行评价。结果表明:2011—2020年黄河口及毗邻海域生态系统基本处于亚健康与健康状态,2018年以来,随着黄河口生态水量调度力度加大,生态系统健康状况显著向好。

长江口及邻近海域沉积物中四醚脂类的来源及其对底层溶解氧指示作用探究

甘油二烷基甘油四醚(glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers,GDGTs)作为一种重要的膜脂化合物,广泛存在于海洋水体和沉积物中。基于GDGTs对温度的敏感性,TEX86(TetraEther indeX of tetraethers consisting of 86 carbons)指标被广泛用于海洋古温度重建。然而,研究表明GDGTs母源生物古菌也会受到环境中溶解氧(DO)变化的影响,进而影响其膜脂组成,但边缘海DO对GDGTs组成的影响仍不清楚。本文研究了夏季长江口及其邻近海域颗粒物与表层沉积物中GDGTs的含量与组成,探讨了表层沉积物中GDGTs的来源及其组成对底层DO的响应。结果表明,长江口及其邻近海域颗粒物GDGTs的含量随水深的增加而增加,同时表层沉积物中的GDGT-2/GDGT-3和GDGT-0/Cren比值均与底层颗粒物相近,表明沉积物中GDGTs主要来源于底层颗粒物的沉降输入。进一步对受陆源有机质输入影响较小的站位研究发现有机质来源BIT(Branched and Isoprenoid Tetractter)指标<0.2。研究发现,随着底层DO的降低,表层沉积物中GDGT-0/Cren比值与底层DO具有较好的正相关性(R2=0.57,P<0.01),提示GDGT-0/Cren具有指示夏季长江口及邻近海域底层DO变化的潜力。未来还需结合颗粒物与表层沉积物中古菌生物群落和完整极性GDGTs的分析,进一步阐明GDGTs指示DO的机制及适用性。