Two varieties of winter wheat,Bei Nong 2(B. N. 2)and Jing 411(J. 411),were selected for osmotic adjustment study. At wheat growing stages,from recovery period to mature period,leaf relative water content(LRWC) ,water ...Two varieties of winter wheat,Bei Nong 2(B. N. 2)and Jing 411(J. 411),were selected for osmotic adjustment study. At wheat growing stages,from recovery period to mature period,leaf relative water content(LRWC) ,water potential(LWP)and saturated osmotic potential (LSOP) were positively correlated to soil relative water content (SRWC) and decreased as SRWC descended at each growth stage,and the decreasing range exhibited B. N. 2【J. 411. The turgor pressure(TP)of both the varieties decreased less than LRWC and LWP. It was shown that both varieties had a osmotic adjustment ability(OAA) ,and the decreasing range presented B. N. 2【J. 411. Both the varieties had a TP tubercle in TP vs SRWC graph at heading and filling stages,and their OAA was the strongest at these two stages.展开更多
Since the 1990s, the Yellow River stream has been temporarily interrupted for several years, which affects the development of society, the economy and human life, limits the economic potential of the drainage areas, a...Since the 1990s, the Yellow River stream has been temporarily interrupted for several years, which affects the development of society, the economy and human life, limits the economic potential of the drainage areas, and especially causes great harm to regions on the lower reaches. Based on the analysis of the relationship between the development of society and economy and water scarcity, the author thinks it is necessary to optimize and adjust the industrial structure that has extravagantly consumed enormous amounts of water, and to develop ecological agriculture, industry and tourism which are balanced with the ecological environment. Finally, the author puts forward several pieces of advice and countermeasures about how to build the economic systems by which water can be used economically.展开更多
Water markets even though not perfect and require a lot of effort to establish are considered as a robust tool to address water management issues around the world. However, the existing literature does not provide an ...Water markets even though not perfect and require a lot of effort to establish are considered as a robust tool to address water management issues around the world. However, the existing literature does not provide an optimal water resource management policy. To create a perfect water market, the government needs to identify the potential number of suppliers/producers and consumers of water against various extraction/supply/production rates of water, i.e., to identify a supply and a demand curve for number of suppliers/producers of water against each production rate in economy. This article presents a theory which is practically applicable for an optimal dynamical water resource management policy (JEL H20, H23, H27).展开更多
【目的】研究“以肥调水”缓解干旱对南疆无膜滴灌棉花生理生长的调控作用,提高水资源限制条件下棉花产量。【方法】以中棉619为供试材料,设置亏缺灌溉(W1:45 mm)和充分灌溉(W2:54 mm)2种灌水定额,低氮(F1:150 kg·hm^(-2))、中氮(F...【目的】研究“以肥调水”缓解干旱对南疆无膜滴灌棉花生理生长的调控作用,提高水资源限制条件下棉花产量。【方法】以中棉619为供试材料,设置亏缺灌溉(W1:45 mm)和充分灌溉(W2:54 mm)2种灌水定额,低氮(F1:150 kg·hm^(-2))、中氮(F2:225 kg·hm^(-2))和高氮(F3:300 kg·hm^(-2))3个施氮量,分析不同灌水定额和施氮量对棉花生理生长指标和籽棉产量的影响。【结果】灌水定额的增加促进了棉花生长,提高了棉花2年平均叶面积指数(leaf area index,LAI)、叶绿素相对含量(soil and plant analyzer development,SPAD值)和净光合速率(net photosynthetic rate,Pn),降低了棉花超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)、过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)活性和丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量。随着施氮量的增加,棉花2年平均LAI、SPAD值、抗氧化酶活性和Pn随之增加,MDA含量减少,棉花受水分亏缺的影响减轻。W1处理下施氮量的增加提高了棉花产量,W2处理下随着施氮量的增加棉花产量呈先增后减趋势,在水氮交互作用下,W2F2处理下2年平均产量最高(6821.86 kg·hm^(-2)),其次是W1F3处理(6717.72 kg·hm^(-2))。在优劣解距离法(technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution,TOPSIS)分析中,W1F3和W2F2处理的综合评分较为接近,分别为0.57和0.56,并且W1F3和W2F2处理下籽棉产量差异不显著。【结论】亏缺灌溉下增加施氮量可有效缓解干旱对棉花生理性状和籽棉产量的不利影响。推荐南疆无膜滴灌棉田45 mm灌水定额(生育期灌水10次)搭配300 kg·hm^(-2)施氮量作为灌溉和施肥策略,以保障在水资源限制条件下的棉花产量。展开更多
文摘Two varieties of winter wheat,Bei Nong 2(B. N. 2)and Jing 411(J. 411),were selected for osmotic adjustment study. At wheat growing stages,from recovery period to mature period,leaf relative water content(LRWC) ,water potential(LWP)and saturated osmotic potential (LSOP) were positively correlated to soil relative water content (SRWC) and decreased as SRWC descended at each growth stage,and the decreasing range exhibited B. N. 2【J. 411. The turgor pressure(TP)of both the varieties decreased less than LRWC and LWP. It was shown that both varieties had a osmotic adjustment ability(OAA) ,and the decreasing range presented B. N. 2【J. 411. Both the varieties had a TP tubercle in TP vs SRWC graph at heading and filling stages,and their OAA was the strongest at these two stages.
文摘Since the 1990s, the Yellow River stream has been temporarily interrupted for several years, which affects the development of society, the economy and human life, limits the economic potential of the drainage areas, and especially causes great harm to regions on the lower reaches. Based on the analysis of the relationship between the development of society and economy and water scarcity, the author thinks it is necessary to optimize and adjust the industrial structure that has extravagantly consumed enormous amounts of water, and to develop ecological agriculture, industry and tourism which are balanced with the ecological environment. Finally, the author puts forward several pieces of advice and countermeasures about how to build the economic systems by which water can be used economically.
文摘Water markets even though not perfect and require a lot of effort to establish are considered as a robust tool to address water management issues around the world. However, the existing literature does not provide an optimal water resource management policy. To create a perfect water market, the government needs to identify the potential number of suppliers/producers and consumers of water against various extraction/supply/production rates of water, i.e., to identify a supply and a demand curve for number of suppliers/producers of water against each production rate in economy. This article presents a theory which is practically applicable for an optimal dynamical water resource management policy (JEL H20, H23, H27).
文摘【目的】研究“以肥调水”缓解干旱对南疆无膜滴灌棉花生理生长的调控作用,提高水资源限制条件下棉花产量。【方法】以中棉619为供试材料,设置亏缺灌溉(W1:45 mm)和充分灌溉(W2:54 mm)2种灌水定额,低氮(F1:150 kg·hm^(-2))、中氮(F2:225 kg·hm^(-2))和高氮(F3:300 kg·hm^(-2))3个施氮量,分析不同灌水定额和施氮量对棉花生理生长指标和籽棉产量的影响。【结果】灌水定额的增加促进了棉花生长,提高了棉花2年平均叶面积指数(leaf area index,LAI)、叶绿素相对含量(soil and plant analyzer development,SPAD值)和净光合速率(net photosynthetic rate,Pn),降低了棉花超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)、过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)活性和丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量。随着施氮量的增加,棉花2年平均LAI、SPAD值、抗氧化酶活性和Pn随之增加,MDA含量减少,棉花受水分亏缺的影响减轻。W1处理下施氮量的增加提高了棉花产量,W2处理下随着施氮量的增加棉花产量呈先增后减趋势,在水氮交互作用下,W2F2处理下2年平均产量最高(6821.86 kg·hm^(-2)),其次是W1F3处理(6717.72 kg·hm^(-2))。在优劣解距离法(technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution,TOPSIS)分析中,W1F3和W2F2处理的综合评分较为接近,分别为0.57和0.56,并且W1F3和W2F2处理下籽棉产量差异不显著。【结论】亏缺灌溉下增加施氮量可有效缓解干旱对棉花生理性状和籽棉产量的不利影响。推荐南疆无膜滴灌棉田45 mm灌水定额(生育期灌水10次)搭配300 kg·hm^(-2)施氮量作为灌溉和施肥策略,以保障在水资源限制条件下的棉花产量。
