Ultrafast Response and Threshold Adjustable Intelligent Thermoelectric Systems for Next‑Generation Self‑Powered Remote IoT Fire Warning

Fire warning is vital to human life,economy and ecology.However,the development of effective warning systems faces great challenges of fast response,adjustable threshold and remote detecting.Here,we propose an intelligent self-powered remote IoT fire warning system,by employing single-walled carbon nanotube/titanium carbide thermoelectric composite films.The flexible films,prepared by a convenient solution mixing,display p-type characteristic with excellent high-temperature stability,flame retardancy and TE(power factor of 239.7±15.8μW m^(-1) K^(-2))performances.The comprehensive morphology and structural analyses shed light on the underlying mechanisms.And the assembled TE devices(TEDs)exhibit fast fire warning with adjustable warning threshold voltages(1–10 mV).Excitingly,an ultrafast fire warning response time of~0.1 s at 1 mV threshold voltage is achieved,rivaling many state-of-the-art systems.Furthermore,TE fire warning systems reveal outstanding stability after 50 repeated cycles and desired durability even undergoing 180 days of air exposure.Finally,a TED-based wireless intelligent fire warning system has been developed by coupling an amplifier,analogto-digital converter and Bluetooth module.By combining TE characteristics,high-temperature stability and flame retardancy with wireless IoT signal transmission,TE-based hybrid system developed here is promising for next-generation self-powered remote IoT fire warning applications.

An extended state observer with adjustable bandwidth for measurement noise

In this paper,a bandwidth-adjustable extended state observer(ABESO)is proposed for the systems with measurement noise.It is known that increasing the bandwidth of the observer improves the tracking speed but tolerates noise,which conflicts with observation accuracy.Therefore,we introduce a bandwidth scaling factor such that ABESO is formulated to a 2-degree-of-freedom system.The observer gain is determined and the bandwidth scaling factor adjusts the bandwidth according to the tracking error.When the tracking error decreases,the bandwidth decreases to suppress the noise,otherwise the bandwidth does not change.It is proven that the error dynamics are bounded and converge in finite time.The relationship between the upper bound of the estimation error and the scaling factor is given.When the scaling factor is less than 1,the ABESO has higher estimation accuracy than the linear extended state observer(LESO).Simulations of an uncertain nonlinear system with compound disturbances show that the proposed ABESO can successfully estimate the total disturbance in noisy environments.The mean error of total disturbance of ABESO is 15.28% lower than that of LESO.

Research on Demand Response Potential of Adjustable Loads in Demand Response Scenarios

To address the issues of limited demand response data,low generalization of demand response potential evaluation,and poor demand response effect,the article proposes a demand response potential feature extraction and prediction model based on data mining and a demand response potential assessment model for adjustable loads in demand response scenarios based on subjective and objective weight analysis.Firstly,based on the demand response process and demand response behavior,obtain demand response characteristics that characterize the process and behavior.Secondly,establish a feature extraction and prediction model based on data mining,including similar day clustering,time series decomposition,redundancy processing,and data prediction.The predicted values of each demand response feature on the response day are obtained.Thirdly,the predicted data of various characteristics on the response day are used as demand response potential evaluation indicators to represent different demand response scenarios and adjustable loads,and a demand response potential evaluation model based on subjective and objective weight allocation is established to calculate the demand response potential of different adjustable loads in different demand response scenarios.Finally,the effectiveness of the method proposed in the article is verified through examples,providing a reference for load aggregators to formulate demand response schemes.

Rigidloop Adjustable可调袢钢板治疗踝关节骨折并下胫腓联合损伤

目的比较Rigidloop Adjustable(RLA)可调袢钢板与螺钉治疗踝关节骨折合并下胫腓联合损伤的临床效果。方法回顾性分析2019年9月至2022年5月武汉市第三医院收治的44例踝关节骨折合并下胫腓联合损伤的患者。踝关节骨折行切开复位内固定后,下胫腓联合采用RLA可调袢钢板固定22例,2枚皮质骨螺钉三皮质骨固定22例。应用AOFAS踝与后足功能评分、术侧与健侧踝关节活动度平均差值及术前、术后随访时正位X线片下胫腓间隙(tibiofibular bottom clear space,TBCS)、下胫腓重叠距离(tibiofibular bottom overlap,TBOL)比较两组临床效果。结果患者均获得随访,随访时间12~18个月,平均(16.41±1.66)个月。患者踝关节功能满意,无伤口感染、皮肤激惹等并发症。术后3、6、12个月时,RLA可调袢钢板组双侧踝关节活动度差值均显著小于螺钉组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后3、6、12个月时,两组的AOFAS评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);TBCS、TBOL术前、术后即刻、术后3个月及末次随访时,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论RLA可调袢钢板和螺钉均可有效固定下胫腓联合,与螺钉固定相比,RLA可调袢钢板组可早期功能锻炼,获得更好的踝关节活动度。

Reevaluating health metrics:Unraveling the limitations of disabilityadjusted life years as an indicator in disease burden assessment

In 1993,the World Bank released a global report on the efficacy of health promotion,introducing the disability-adjusted life years(DALY)as a novel indicator.The DALY,a composite metric incorporating temporal and qualitative data,is grounded in preferences regarding disability status.This review delineates the algorithm used to calculate the value of the proposed DALY synthetic indicator and elucidates key methodological challenges associated with its application.In contrast to the quality-adjusted life years approach,derived from multi-attribute utility theory,the DALY stands as an independent synthetic indicator that adopts the assumptions of the Time Trade Off utility technique to define Disability Weights.Claiming to rely on no mathematical or economic theory,DALY users appear to have exempted themselves from verifying whether this indicator meets the classical properties required of all indicators,notably content validity,reliability,specificity,and sensitivity.The DALY concept emerged primarily to facilitate comparisons of the health impacts of various diseases globally within the framework of the Global Burden of Disease initiative,leading to numerous publications in international literature.Despite widespread adoption,the DALY synthetic indicator has prompted significant methodological concerns since its inception,manifesting in inconsistent and non-reproducible results.Given the substantial diffusion of the DALY indicator and its critical role in health impact assessments,a reassessment is warranted.This reconsideration is imperative for enhancing the robustness and reliability of public health decisionmaking processes.

Design method of organizational structure for MAVs and UAVs heterogeneous team with adjustable autonomy

The increasingly complex battlefield environment requests much closer connection in a team having both manned and unmanned aerial vehicles(MAVs and UAVs). This special heterogeneous team structure causes demands for effective organizational structure design solutions. Implementing adjustable autonomy in the organizational structure, the expected evaluation function is established based on the physical resource, intelligent resource, network efficiency, network vulnerability and task execution reliability. According to the above constraints, together with interaction latency, decision-making information processing capacity, and decision-making latency, we aim to find a preferential organizational structure. The proposed organizational structure includes cooperative relationships, supervisory control relationships, and decision-making authorization relationships. In addition,by considering the influence on the intelligent support capabilities and the task execution reliability created by adjustable autonomy, it helps to build the proposed organizational structure designed with certain degree of flexibility to deal with the potential changes in the unpredictable battlefield environment. Simulation is conducted to confirm our design to be valid. And the method is still valid under different battlefield environments and interventions.

Velocity adjustable TMD and numerical simulation of seismic performance

A new type of velocity adjustable tuned mass damper （TMD） consisting of impulse generators and clutches is presented. The force impulse is generated by a joining operation of electromagnets and springs and MR dampers are used as clutches. Rules for velocity adjustment are established according to the working mechanism of TMD. The analysis program is developed on a VB platform. Seismic response of SDOF structures with both passive TMD and velocity adjustable TMD are analyzed. The results show that （l） the control effectiveness of passive TMDs is usually unstable; （2） the control effectiveness of the proposed semi-active TMDs is much better than passive TMDs under typical seismic ground motions; and （3） unlike the passive TMD system, the proposed velocity adjustable TMDs exhibit good control effectiveness even when the primary structure performance becomes inelastic during severe earthquakes.

INTERVAL ADJUSTABLE ENTROPY ALGORITHM FOR A CLASS OF UNCONSTRAINED DISCRETE MINIMAX PROBLEMS

In this paper,a class of unconstrained discrete minimax problems is described,in which the objective functions are in C 1.The paper deals with this problem by means of taking the place of maximum entropy function with adjustable entropy function.By constructing an interval extension of adjustable entropy function an d some region deletion test rules,a new interval algorithm is presented.The rele vant properties are proven.The minimax value and the localization of the minimax points of the problem can be obtained by this method. This method can overcome the flow problem in the maximum entropy algorithm.Both theoretical and numerica l results show that the method is reliable and efficient.

Adjustable entropy function method for support vector machine

Based on KKT complementary condition in optimization theory, an unconstrained non-differential optimization model for support vector machine is proposed. An adjustable entropy function method is given to deal with the proposed optimization problem and the Newton algorithm is used to figure out the optimal solution. The proposed method can find an optimal solution with a relatively small parameter p, which avoids the numerical overflow in the traditional entropy function methods. It is a new approach to solve support vector machine. The theoretical analysis and experimental results illustrate the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed algorithm.

Bowel perforation due to break and distal passage of the safety ring of an adjustable intra-gastric balloon: A potentially life threatening situation

A 45-year-old man of Middle Eastern origin, morbid obese, with a body mass index of 39 had an intragastric balloon, filled with 500 mL of saline/methylene blue and intended as definite therapy, inserted some8 wk previously. He was admitted to the emergency department with abdominal cramps. An ultrasound of the abdomen was performed in ER which confirmed the balloon to be in place without any abnormality.He was discharged home on symptomatic medication.Patient remains symptomatic therefore he reported back to ER 2 d later. Computed tomography scan was performed this time for further evaluation which revealed a metallic ring present in the small bowel while the intra-gastric balloon was in its proper position.There was no clinical or radiological sign of intestinal obstruction. Patient was hospitalized for observation and conservative management. The following night,patient experienced sudden and severe abdominal pain, therefore an X-ray of the abdomen in erect position was done, which showed free air under the right dome of diaphragm. Patient was transferred to O.R for emergency laparotomy. There were two small perforations identified at the site of the metallic ring entrapment. The ring was removed and the perforations were repaired. Due to increasing prevalence of obesity and advances in modalities for its management,physicians should be aware of treatment options, their benefits, complications and clinical presentation of the known complications. Physicians need to be updated to approach these complications within time, to avoid lifethreatening situations caused by these appliances.

Effectivity of intraoperative adjustable suture technique in horizontal strabismus

AIMTo compare the long-term effectivity of intraoperative adjustable suture technique with traditional non-adjustable strabismus surgery.

Numerical Simulation of Axial Inflow Characteristics and Aerodynamic Noise in a Large-Scale Adjustable-Blade Fan

Numerical simulation are conducted to explore the characteristics of the axial inflow and related aerodynamic noise for a large-scale adjustable fan with the installation angle changing from−12°to 12°.In such a range the maximum static(gauge)pressure at the inlet changes from−2280 Pa to 382 Pa,and the minimum static pressure decreases from−3389 Pa to−8000 Pa.As for the axial intermediate flow surface,one low pressure zone is located at the junction of the suction surface and the hub,another is located at the suction surface close to the casing position.At the outlet boundary,the low pressure is negative and decreases from−1716 Pa to−4589 Pa.The sound pressure level of the inlet and outlet noise tends to increase monotonously by 11.6 dB and 7.3 dB,respectively.The acoustic energy of discrete noise is always higher than that of broadband noise regardless of whether the inlet or outlet flow surfaces are considered.The acoustic energy ratio of discrete noise at the inlet tends to increase from 0.78 to 0.93,while at the outlet it first decreases from 0.79 to 0.73 and then increases to 0.84.

A novel adjustable multiple cross-hexagonal search algorithm for fast block motion estimation

In this paper,we propose a novel adjustable multiple cross-hexagonal search(AMCHS) algorithm for fast block motion estimation. It employs adjustable multiple cross search patterns(AMCSP) in the first step and then uses half-way-skip and half-way-stop technique to determine whether to employ two hexagonal search patterns(HSPs) subsequently. The AMCSP can be used to find small motion vectors efficiently while the HSPs can be used to find large ones accurately to ensure prediction quality. Simulation results showed that our proposed AMCHS achieves faster search speed,and provides better distortion performance than other popular fast search algorithms,such as CDS and CDHS.

Insight into the reaction mechanism of sulfur chains adjustable polymer cathode for high-loading lithium-organosulfur batteries

Small molecules with adjustable sulfur atoms in the confined structure were acted as precursor for the synthesis of polymer cathodes for lithium-organosulfur batteries.Among them,poly(diallyl tetrasulfide)(PDATtS)delivered a high capacity of 700 mAh g^(-1),stable capacity retention of 85%after 300 cycles,high areal capacity~4 m Ah cm^(-2) for electrode with up to 10.3 mg cm^(-2) loading.New insight into the reaction mechanism of PDATtS electrode that radicals arisen from the homolytic cleavage of S-S bond in PDATtS reacted with Li+to generate thiolates(RSLi)and insoluble lithium sulfides(Li_(2)S)or lithium disulfide(Li_(2)S_(2))was clearly verified by in-situ UV/Vis spectroscopy,nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)studies and density-functional theory(DFT)calculations.Therefore,based on the unique reaction mechanism,problems of rapid capacity fading due to the formation of soluble polysulfide intermediates and their serious shuttle effect in conventional lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries was totally avoided,realizing the dendrite-free lithium sulfur batteries.This study sets new trends for avenues of further research to advance Li-S battery technologies.

Optimal fuzzy PID controller with adjustable factors based on flexible polyhedron search algorithm

A new kind of optimal fuzzy PID controller is proposed, which contains two parts. One is an on line fuzzy inference system, and the other is a conventional PID controller. In the fuzzy inference system, three adjustable factors x p, x i , and x d are introduced. Their functions are to further modify and optimize the result of the fuzzy inference so as to make the controller have the optimal control effect on a given object. The optimal values of these adjustable factors are determined based on the ITAE criterion and the Nelder and Mead′s flexible polyhedron search algorithm. This optimal fuzzy PID controller has been used to control the executive motor of the intelligent artificial leg designed by the authors. The result of computer simulation indicates that this controller is very effective and can be widely used to control different kinds of objects and processes.

Big-M based MILP method for SCUC considering allowable wind power output interval and its adjustable conservativeness

In contrast to most existing works on robust unit commitment(UC),this study proposes a novel big-M-based mixed-integer linear programming(MILP)method to solve security-constrained UC problems considering the allowable wind power output interval and its adjustable conservativeness.The wind power accommodation capability is usually limited by spinning reserve requirements and transmission line capacity in power systems with large-scale wind power integration.Therefore,by employing the big-M method and adding auxiliary 0-1 binary variables to describe the allowable wind power output interval,a bilinear programming problem meeting the security constraints of system operation is presented.Furthermore,an adjustable confidence level was introduced into the proposed robust optimization model to decrease the level of conservatism of the robust solutions.This can establish a trade-off between economy and security.To develop an MILP problem that can be solved by commercial solvers such as CPLEX,the big-M method is utilized again to represent the bilinear formulation as a series of linear inequality constraints and approximately address the nonlinear formulation caused by the adjustable conservativeness.Simulation studies on a modified IEEE 26-generator reliability test system connected to wind farms were performed to confirm the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed method.

Adjustable Luminescence of SrAl_2O_4:Eu^(2+),Dy ^(3+) Assembled in Zeolite

Capsulating guest into the nanometer voids of zeolites is a effective way to form novel host-guest material. In our work, stoichiometric SrAl2O4 : Eu2+, Dy3+ sol guest was prepared by sol-gel method and assembled into the nanometer channels of zeolite ZSM-5 host through mechanical mixing, hydrothemial reaction and microwave heating reaction, respectively. After being reduced and diffused in a microwave muffle, the fluorescence spectra of the host-guest materials exhibit remarkable blue shifts in companison of that of SrAl2O4 : Eu2+, Dy3+ Some interesting phenomena in the assembled host-guest materials are that the after-low emission spectra exist two bands at about 400 nm and 517 nm and the relative strengths of these two hands can be adjusted by changing the assembly methods and the assembly concentration. These are attributed to the fact that the phosphor was capsuiated into the voids of zeolite ZSM-5 and generated the quantum size effect and the host-guest effect.

Optical design of adjustable light emitting diode for different lighting requirements

Light emitting diode （LED） sources have been widely used for illumination. Optical design, especially freedom compact lens design is necessary to make LED sources applied in lighting industry, such as large-range interior lighting and small-range condensed lighting. For different lighting requirements, the size of target planes should be variable. In our paper we provide a method to design freedom lens according to the energy conservation law and Snell law through establishing energy mapping between the luminous flux emitted by a Lambertian LED source and a certain area of the target plane. The algorithm of our design can easily change the radius of each circular target plane, which makes the size of the target plane adjustable. Ray-tracing software Tracepro is used to validate the illuminance maps and polar-distribution maps. We design lenses for different sizes of target planes to meet specific lighting requirements.

Astigmatic correction with implantation of a light adjustable vs monofocal lens: a single site analysis of a randomized controlled trial

AIM: To evaluate the light adjustable lens(LAL) vs a standard monofocal lens in achieving target astigmatic refraction and improving postoperative uncorrected distance visual acuity(UDVA). METHODS: This randomized controlled clinical trial included 40 patients with pre-existing astigmatism and visually significant cataract. Twenty-eight patients received the LAL and 12 control patients received a monofocal intraocular lens(IOL) after cataract extraction at a single institution. The patients with the LAL underwent adjustment by ultraviolet(UV) light postoperatively plus subsequent lock-in procedures and all patients returned to clinic for follow up of study parameters at 6, 9, and 12 mo. Manifest refraction, distance visual acuity, and adverse events were recorded at each visit.RESULTS: The mean cylinder before adjustment in eyes with the LAL was-0.89±0.58 D(-2.00 to 0.00 D) and-0.34±0.34 D(-1.25 to 0.00 D) after lock-in(P=1.68 x10-8). The mean cylinder in patients with the monofocal lens was-1.00±0.32 D(-1.50 to-0.50 D) at 17-21 d postoperatively, which was statistically different from the LAL cylinder postlock-in(P=1.43 x10-6). UDVA in the LAL group was 20/20 or better in 79% of patients post lock-in with good stability over 12 mo compared with 33% of the control patients with UDVA of 20/20 or better. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that the LAL is more effective in achieving target refractions and improving postoperative UDVA in patients with pre-existing corneal astigmatism than a standard monofocal lens.

Hierarchical 3D mechanical parts matching based-on adjustable geometry and topology similarity measurements

A hierarchical scheme of feature-based model similarity measurement was proposed,named CSG_D2,in which both geometry similarity and topology similarity were applied.The features of 3D mechanical part were constructed by a series of primitive features with tree structure,as a form of constructive solid geometry(CSG) tree.The D2 shape distributions of these features were extracted for geometry similarity measurement,and the pose vector and non-disappeared proportion of each leaf node were gained for topology similarity measurement.Based on these,the dissimilarity between the query and the candidate was accessed by level-by-level CSG tree comparisons.With the adjustable weights,our scheme satisfies different comparison emphasis on the geometry or topology similarity.The assessment results from CSG_D2 demonstrate more discriminative than those from D2 in the analysis of precision-recall and similarity matrix.Finally,an experimental search engine is applied for mechanical parts reuse by using CSG_D2,which is convenient for the mechanical design process.