Ancylostoma ceylanicum and other zoonotic canine hookworms:neglected public and animal health risks in the Asia-Pacific region

Zoonotic hookworm infections remain a significant public health problem,causing nearly 500 milion cases globally and approximately four million disability-adjusted life years lost annually.More than one-fth of these cases are attrib-uted to Ancylostoma ceylanicum,an emerging zoonotic health issue in the Asia-Pacific region.This review presents key research gaps regarding the epidemiology,diagnosis,control,prevention and elimination of A.ceylanicum and other canine zoonotic hookworms as neglected health threats.A.ceylanicum is the second most prevalent human hook-worm in the region;it is the most common hookworm among dogs and cats-reservoirs of zoonotic infections.Previous population genetic and phylogenetic analyses revealed that A.ceylanicum has three possible transmis-sion dynamics:zoonotic,animal-only,and human-only pathways.The actual burden of zoonotic ancylostomiasis in most endemic countries remains unknown due to the use of parasitological techniques(e.g.,Kato-Katz thick smear and floatation techniques)that have reduced diagnostic performance and do not allow accurate species identifica-tion in helminth surveys.The emergence of benzimidazole resistance in soil-transmitted helminths(STHs),includ-ing hookworms,is a concern due to the protracted implementation of mass drug administration(MDA).Resistance is conferred by single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)that occur in theβ-tubulin isotype 1 gene.These mutations have been reported in drug-resistant A.caninum but have not been found in A.ceylanicum in the field.A.ceylanicum remains understudied in the Asia-Pacific region.The zoonotic nature of the parasite warrants investigation of its occur-rence in human and animal reservoir hosts to understand the dynamics of zoonotic transmission in different endemic foci.The detection of benzimidazole resistance-associated SNPs in zoonotic hookworms from Asia-Pacific countries has yet to be thoroughly explored.Considering the high level of hookworm endemicity in the region,the circulation of resistant isolates between humans and animals potentially presents a significant One Health threat that can under-mine current MDA and proposed animal deworming-based control efforts.

Analysis of the Standardization of Administrative Management in Colleges and Universities Under the Background of Information Technology

In the development of the information age,universities should recognize the significant impact of information technology on their own development.In practice,it is possible to effectively improve the efficiency and quality of work by dealing with and constructing information-based methods,innovating administrative management models,and adopting more efficient and scientific methods to address various problems and shortcomings encountered in work.As an important part of university management,administrative management is a complex task.Establishing a standardized management model through information technology can further improve the comprehensive efficiency of administrative management.In this regard,the administrative standardization in universities under the background of information technology is analyzed and studied in this paper.

Administrative Law Studies policy based on public interest

From the aspect of administrative law to analyze the needs of the ＂public interest＂, evaluate the study of traditional administrative law definition of ＂public interest＂ extensive oversight and administrative mission and different levels of resistance, from the perspective of administrative policy on science policy the role of the administrative process of the formation of the special nature of administrative law, reflecting the interests of the mechanism of the modem state, the role of public opinion and how to grasp the meaning of the people said that other issues were discussed, in order to reveal the modem administrative law, research must pay attention to the value and benefits of diversification, the complexity of the method.

基于作者共被引的公共行政研究状况图谱分析——以《Public Administration Review》为研究对象

一门学科的发展离不开优秀专家学者的倾力支持,在公共行政学的形成和发展过程中,同样有一批优秀的公共行政学者推动了公共行政不同分支领域的衍生与发展。运用作者共被引和信息可视化方法,对权威期刊《公共行政评论》(Public Administration Review)于1975—2008年间发表的论文引文中被引频次前50名的学者进行分析。研究结果展现了公共行政领域的主要学术流派,并验证了公共行政研究确实是在沿着范式转移的轨迹更迭交替着。而这种变迁是相对的,大部分时间内,不同范式之间以及和其他学术流派之间是共存、互动甚至交融的。研究还发现,网络化治理正凭借其多中心和网络化的组织基础以及服务治理的先进理念迅速崛起,它将成为公共行政新的研究范式,而基于网络理论的公共行政理论大整合也将很有可能成为公共行政未来的研究热点。此外,实证结果与公共行政范式分类的高度相似性也充分表明了作者共被引和信息可视化方法的科学和有效,它的确为学科范式研究提供了一条定量研究的新思路和一个宏观分析的新视角。

Strategic Layout and Typical Practice of Social Administration and Public Service Standardization in China

Promoting social administration and public service standardization vigorously is an important and effective measure to strengthen social administration and public service functions by Chinese government. This article studies the status of social administration and public service standardization in China from national, industrial and provincial (local) levels. And then, this article analyzes the development trend of social administration and public service standardization in China.

Public Accounting and IPSAS in Portugal： The Accounting Standardization System for Public Administrations

The Accounting Standardization System for Public Administrations （SNC-AP） was approved by Decree-Law No. 192/2015, of September 11 and constituted the new accounting system for public administrations in Portugal, which will take effect from January 1, 2017, although there were pilot entities that are already applying it in the year 2016. The reasons for the approval of these accounting regulations are presented in the approval diploma itself, the existence of a strong fragmentation and outdated accounting standardization for the public sector. This paper intends to analyze the public accounting reform in Portugal based on the SNC-AP and the impacts that it will determine in public institutions in terms of accounting in relation to the previous POC-P regime and sectoral plans as well as the resources involved in the Implementation. Likewise, it is intended to assess whether all public bodies subject to its adoption will proceed to its implementation on January 1, 2017, as planned. For this purpose, the data available on this subject will be used, in particular those of the Directorate-General for the Budget of the Ministry of Finance.

Change in Public Administration from the Perspective of Risk Society

In the context of risk society, public administration is facing more complex circumstances, which will inevitably call for an overall restructuring. In the dimension of circumstances, extreme disasters, transboundary crisis and emerging risks create the complex context of public administration. In the dimension of structure, the original structure of public administration still exists but its mode of operation is subject to change. In the meantime, the adaptation to complex scenarios of potential risk society will bring innovations to the structure of public administration so that the structure can develop from a hierarchical mode to a network mode on the whole. In the dimension of process, driven by shifts between order and chaos within the social system, public administration will also undergo frequent shifts between routine administration and emergency management. The core of public administration in the context of risk society is its emergency management, which needs to strike a balance between security and development at the value goal level. As to institutional design, emergency management should be characteristic of an all-hazards approach, multi-organization participation, whole-process management and overall adaptive management. Both the theory and the practice of public administration in China need to be reviewed to address challenges of risk society and explore a new approach that is suitable for China's political situation and can be included into our global risk society governance.

The Energy Performance in the Italian Public Administration： State of the Art and Future Prospects

The commitment to improve energy and environmental performance in public administration is essential for the success of development models geared towards lasting sustainability. The Public Administration （PA） in Italy, in particular, plays a key role to affn-m models of development oriented towards energy and environmental sustainability, thanks to a wider and more innovative vision. The PA has a dual consumer/user role, public heritage and decision maker/planner, in promoting energy efficiency at local level, in the light of specific problems and peculiarities. For several decades, initiatives have been launched at various levels to improve energy and environmental performance in the public administration. The aim of this study is to outline from a critical perspective, the state of the art of policy makers in Italy concerning energy efficiency measures in public administration. There are however many cultural, value-related, financial, technological, institutional, and operational issues in the PA sector that limit investments in energy efficiency. It should be noted that if on one hand the PA shows a lack of knowledge and is unwilling to adopt practices and systemic tools for monitoring and control, on the other, in terms of bureaucracy, the system appears to be far too complicated and costly. The multiple benefits linked to improved energy performance would therefore require that the PA rethink their organizational and functional models, put in place more flexible and less bureaucratic forms of management and a more dynamic, pervasive, and proactive approach towards initiatives that promote energy efficiency. The research is a contribution towards identifying the driving forces behind potential systems and tools for energy efficiency in the PA, highlighting both critical elements and opportunities and, in particular, the limits deriving from the technological, managerial, and organizational options available for energy eff^ciency enhancement in the sector of the Italian PA.

Political Administration through the Network from the Perspective of Public Govemance

Political administration through the network is a positive response of the governmental governance model to the information age from the perspective of public governance. Political administration through the network means that public governance appears on the Internet and the government generates an interactive and interdependent relationship with the society and the public, for the ultimate purpose of archiving the public governance. In this paper, on the basis of public governance theory, the important significance and positive effect of the political administration through the network is shown by combining with the governmental governance model change in the information age.

Study on the Instability of Information Systems and Security Risks in the Public Administration: Case of Burkina Faso Public Administration

The purpose of this research is to show the instability and the security risks of the information system in Burkina-Faso public administration. In this paper, witnessing unsatisfactory services such as government messaging (mailer.gov.bf) as well as G-cloud services which are the government cloud were studied. The behavior of user agents on the administration’s IT infrastructures which could expose the information system to security risks was also studied. The expected result shows evidence of the weakness of the public administration information system and provides some recommendation.

A Review and Critique of Discourse Mode of Public Administration Slogans——Based on the Study of Postmodern Public Administration Discourse Theory

Public administration slogans include oral and written slogans which made by governments at all levels according to the policy or administration under the propagation tasks. T he purpose is to enhance propaganda effects by repeating the same concepts and objectives. While the democratic awareness in public discourses is keep growing,there are some surveys on the quality of public administration slogans. In order to improve the quality of public administration slogans,governments in Anhui Province should organize professionals and pay closely attention to the guidance of policy before they sort,edit,produce and release public administration slogans.

Cyber Development of Government Service Platform in Social Public Administration

The cyber development of government service platform is just to integrate all the superiorities of the government to strengthen its roles such as service,performance and function to drive the social development actively.Hence,the social public administration will take this opportunity to optimize the cyber information service platform to make the civic administration oriented to the social development to maximize its functions of organization,coordination and service to protrude the ascendancy of the web era so as to lay a solid foundation for the leap development of the public administration.

Including Minorities Within Organizations.A Research on Cultural Diversity in Italian Public Administration

The organizations operating in the public sphere can adopt various relational strategies to adapt to transformations linked to the presence of minorities and cultural diversities among its members.The emergence of the concept of diversity in the 1990s and the associated shifting of equal opportunities pose specific challenges in relation to minority employees.The aim of this study is to carry out a primary mapping of the diversity inclusion policies in Italian public administrations,as an emblematic example of the public sector in the Mediterranean area,and to analyse the factors that may favour the inclusion of minorities within organizations.Our approach integrates both quantitative and qualitative analysis.The research was organized in two phases:the first one was a monitoring of those public administrations sensitive to diversity policies;the second one was an analysis of 38 semi-structured interviews with privileged witnesses,including an analysis of the data and information from current activities of their organizations.An important element of originality of this contribution is that it investigates the perspectives and perceptions of the inhabitant of the Italian public administrations.Finally,this study offers concrete recommendations for the implementation of gender equality and diversity&inclusion in Italy,particularly in terms of training policies.

职责视角下的突发公共卫生事件时期疫苗管理政策差异量化研究

目的:量化分析突发公共卫生事件时期针对暴发传染病的疫苗管理与常规疫苗管理在管理职责和职责主体方面存在的差异。方法:构建我国疫苗管理职责框架,从管理职责、职责主体和疫苗类型三个维度对我国中央层面的疫苗政策文本进行量化处理,使用统计分析、共现聚类和中心性测算的方法进行差异比较。结果:突发公共卫生事件传染病疫苗的接种、生产和研发方面的职责受到更多重视,落实接种政策与宣传科普工作使得更多政策实施主体承担了疫苗管理职责,疫苗的保障措施贯穿管理的各个阶段。卫生健康部门和药品监管部门是管理核心职责部门,科技部门、工业信息化部门具有较多协同合作职责,教育部门、发展改革部门承担较大联通协调职责。结论:突发公共卫生事件时期传染病疫苗管理职责更多,需要多部门高效合作,在疫苗的流通和信息管理方面予以更多重视,充分发挥疾控部门在基层人才队伍与信息监测方面的优势,科学落实国家防疫政策,引导非行政主体承担管理职责,并强化核心责任主体“枢纽”作用。

新文科建设背景下公共管理硕士人才培养质量保障体系探究

新文科建设是党和国家立足于民族复兴、人才培养的战略高位,对我国高等教育现代化发展所做出的有益探索与伟大尝试,给公共管理硕士人才培养也带来了无限机遇。文章在总结提炼新文科建设的特征及其对公共管理硕士人才的总体要求背景下,梳理了当前国内公共管理学科的发展概况及人才培养方面存在的现实问题,并基于“手段-目的链”分析框架,构建了“四维一体”人才培养质量保障体系,其中“四维”包括:制度创新、实践平台、保障机制和课程改革,“一体”强调以研究生培养质量为导向。在此基础上,深入分析了该体系在公共管理硕士人才培养质量保障方面的实践路径、特色及效果。文章旨在为国内高校加快推进高等教育现代化进程中公共管理硕士人才的培养提供思路借鉴和参考。

公益诉讼惩罚性赔偿责任的体系定位

独立的制度空间是发挥独立价值的基础,公益诉讼惩罚性赔偿首先需要厘清的是其与刑事罚金、行政罚款的关系,讨论在刑事罚金和行政罚款之下还有无独立的制度空间。在功能上,三者具有同质性,均旨在惩罚遏制违法行为;在适用的案件范围上,食品公益诉讼惩罚性赔偿与食品犯罪趋同,并被行政处罚所包含;在金钱罚手段上,针对食品违法行为,《刑法》与《食品安全法》规定了足够的金钱罚手段,客观上无需公益诉讼惩罚性赔偿予以补足。因此,公益诉讼惩罚性赔偿并无大范围适用的必要。但公益诉讼惩罚性赔偿相对于刑事处罚与行政处罚具有自身的制度优势,其适用范围应据此确定,以形成相互区分又有机衔接的规制体系。

论湿地保护领域中的预防性环境行政公益诉讼

传统的湿地保护模式具有“行政执法人员的机会主义”“多元规制机构的协调难题”“持续性的运行成本支出”等相对劣势。为实现对于湿地生态的全过程保护,督促湿地行政主管部门积极履职,有必要将预防性环境行政公益诉讼纳入湿地保护体系。应通过立法或司法解释,明确预防性环境行政公益诉讼的提起范围、提出时机和诉讼程序。

新文科建设背景下我国公共管理学科建设政策话语、核心价值与实践路径

新文科建设背景下我国公共管理学科建设和专业人才培养要更好地服务于国家战略和全球公共治理潮流,适应新时代科技革新要求和高等教育培养高素质综合人才的需要。以新文科建设背景为出发点,解释公共管理学科发展轨迹,分析梳理公共管理学科发展的逻辑框架并展望学科发展和实践路径。立足当前新文科建设背景下公共管理发展的现实境遇,探寻其核心价值导向,构建学科发展空间,拓宽学科建设结构层次,努力构建交叉融合的学科建设体系,积极促进我国公共管理学科的独特性、综合性、应用性。

“双碳”目标背景下企业“绿洗”行为法律问题研究

企业“绿洗”行为泛滥的趋势引起国际社会的普遍关注,文章通过分析企业“绿洗”案例发现,企业“绿洗”有两种动因:一是基于声誉效益的外部动因;二是根植企业利益的内部动因。两者是导致企业“虚假性”“欺骗或误导性”“真实性”投机表现的根本动因。以美国为代表的“分散式治理”模式和以欧盟指令为依据的“专门治理”模式是当前较为典型的企业“绿洗”治理方案。这两种企业“绿洗”治理模式为我国治理企业“绿洗”的法律方案提供思路。鉴于当前我国治理企业“绿洗”行为存在立法表达缺失、执法不严及监管缺失等问题,导致国内企业“绿洗”投机以逃避处罚的事态严峻。对此,本文提出从法律层面建立企业“绿洗”治理的统一界定规范、将企业“绿洗”治理纳入环境公益诉讼的司法治理范式、强化消费者侵权诉讼补充公共规制、探索国际层面企业“绿洗”治理的一致性等建议,助力完善中国企业“绿洗”治理的路径方案。

公共行政学说史写法刍议:元问题省思与新方法建构

文本中呈现的公共行政学说史存在着不同样貌,背后对应的是不同的公共行政学说史写法。公共行政学说史的常见写法包括学者法、学派法、范式法、阶段法。其中,阶段法已经逐渐成为最常见的学说史写法。然而,如果没有直面学说史贡献,各种写法都难逃只在“自洽”思维里打转的境地。基于对学说史贡献标准的探寻,实践的优先性要求公共行政学说史必须首先厘清公共行政学说产生和发展于何种特定的时空之中,公共行政面临的社会问题、政府的治理技术和公共行政学说的回应与贡献如何构成一个完整的实践认知链条。这个完整链条之上并不是严格前后相继的阶段,而是一个个具有相对集中关注度的焦点。焦点法在阶段法的基础上,将被割裂的公共行政实践与公共行政学说彼此关联的面貌还原出来,更好地解释公共行政学说的兴衰更替。公共行政学说史先后围绕领域开辟、体系建构、路径抉择、思潮竞逐和模式整合等核心焦点渐次展开。在推进中国式现代化的进程中,中国公共管理学科理应更有机会做出学说史贡献。