Network analysis of suicide ideation and depression-anxiety symptoms among Chinese adolescents

Background The co-occurrence of depression and anxiety among adolescents is typically associated with suicide ideation.Aims The study aimed to investigate the symptom-level relationship between suicide ideation and the comorbidity of depression and anxiety.Methods 1501 adolescents aged 12-19 years were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire(PHQ-9)and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale,and 716 adolescents who scored≥5 on both scales were selected as participants.Network analysis was used to identify the network structure of depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms.Participants were categorised into either the suicide ideation or non-suicide ideation groups based on their scoring on the suicide-related item in PHQ-9.A comparison was made between the depression-anxiety symptom networks of the two groups.Results‘Restlessness’,‘sad mood’and‘trouble relaxing’were the most prominent central symptoms in the depression-anxiety symptom network,and‘restlessness’,‘nervousness’and‘reduced movement’were the bridge symptoms in this network.‘Sad mood’was found to be directly related to‘suicide ideation’with the highest variance.The network structure was significantly different in properties between the suicide ideation group and the non-suicide ideation group,with‘restlessness’and‘sad mood’exhibiting significantly higher influence in the network of the suicide ideation group than that in the non-suicide ideation group.Conclusion Restlessness and sad mood could be targeted for the intervention of depression-anxiety symptoms among adolescents with suicide ideation.

Cognitive functioning and depressive symptoms in adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease

AIM:To investigate cognitive functioning and depressive symptoms in adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).METHODS:A neuropsychological test battery,including subtests of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence ScaleRevised and Ⅲ,Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised,California Verbal Learning Test(CVLT),Stroop Color-Word Test,and Trail Making Test,which assessed verbal and visual short-and long-term memory,processing speed,logical reasoning,verbal intelligence,attention,and executive functioning,was administered to 13-to 19-year-old patients with IBD(n = 34;active disease n = 20).Depressive symptoms were measured with the Beck Depression Inventory.The findings were compared with peers with non-acute juvenile idiopathic arthritis(JIA;n = 23).Patients with coexisting psychiatric disorders were excluded.RESULTS:The IBD group,especially patients in the acute phase,made more perseverative errors in the CVLT test that assessed verbal memory than the JIA group(6.0 ± 4.3 vs 3.3 ± 2.9,P < 0.01),but no other differences between the IBD and JIA groups were observed in the neuropsychological tests.The difference was close to statistical significance,even when glucocorticoid medication was controlled for(P < 0.052).The IBD group had more depressive symptoms than the JIA group(7.9 ± 7.6 vs 4.0 ± 4.0,P < 0.05).Approximately one third of the IBD group had at least mild depressive symptoms,and those with acute illness had the highest scores.However,depressive symptoms were not related to the difference in the verbal memory test(perseverative errors in the CVLT) between the IBD and JIA groups.CONCLUSION:Adolescents with acute IBD may have mild verbal memory problems but no major cognitive deficits compared to peers with JIA.

Can Social Support be Protective against Depressive Symptoms in Adolescents from 24 Low- and Middle-Income Countries?

Background:Adolescents are highly vulnerable to depressive symptoms worldwide partially because of limited social supports.However,it still remains largely unknown regarding the associations between social support(s)and depressive symptoms among adolescents living in low-and middle-income countries(LMICs).The aim of this study aimed to explore the associations between different types of social support and depressive symptoms in adolescents from LMICs.Methods:Data were retrieved from the Global School-based Health Survey(GSHS)in which 92,551 adolescents(50.6%females)were included with mean of 15.6 years.Depressive symptoms in the past one month as the dependent variable were measured in combination with social support(was measured by“During the past 30 days,how often were most of the students in your school kind and helpful?”).Multivariable logistic regression and meta-analysis of country-wise estimates were performed to investigate the associations between social support and depressive symptoms,and the heterogeneity of the associations across the countries,respectively.Results:The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 30.9%of adolescents from LMICs.Peer support and parental connectedness were two major factors that were significantly associated with depression symptoms in adolescents.However,the associations of peer support and parental connectedness with depressive symptoms were significant in males and females,respectively.The country-wise analysis indicated that varied inconsistency(small to large)across the associations of peer support and parental connectedness with depressive symptoms in adolescents.Conclusion:Results in this study provides multi-national evidence of the protective roles of social support against depressive symptoms among adolescents.However,the association between social support and depression symptoms may be moderated by sex and types of social support.Although we found that social sup-port may be an important protective factor against depressive symptoms in adolescents from LMICs,specifically designed interventions should be implemented based on sex difference and country difference.

Gender Differences in Hope and Its Relevance to Depression Symptoms among Norwegian Adolescents

Introduction: Several studies indicate that the number of individuals experiencing depression symptoms is growing. There is a prevailing consensus in the literature that while depression is represented among both genders, it is consistently reported that females are more exposed to depression compared to males both in frequency and severity. Studies suggest that as many as 15 - 20 percent of adolescents in Norway exhibit depression or depression like symptoms. Furthermore, several studies indicate that the number of individuals experiencing depression symptoms is growing. There is a prevailing consensus in the literature that while depression is represented among both genders, it is consistently reported that females are more exposed to depression compared to males both in frequency and severity. Methods: All data utilized in this study were extracted from the Norwegian Ungdata survey conducted in 2014 among adolescents in Norway. The sample consists of 46,374 observations. Conclusions: The finding of significant differences in prevalence of self-diagnosed depression symptoms among Norwegian adolescents, showed females are more exposed. Furthermore, as hypothesized, there is a strong and significant relation between hope and depression, where hope is proxied through expectations regarding the individuals’ future education, happiness and wealth. Based on these findings, we apply hope as an instrument for addressing depression symptoms. Results from this analysis indicate that males are significantly less optimistic for the future.

An instrument based on protection motivation theory to predict Chinese adolescents’intention to engage in protective behaviors against schistosomiasis

Background:Further advancement in schistosomiasis prevention requires new tools to assess protective motivation,and promote innovative intervention program.This study aimed to develop and evaluate an instrument developed based on the Protection Motivation Theory(PMT)to predict protective behavior intention against schistosomiasis among adolescents in China.Methods:We developed the Schistosomiasis PMT Scale based on two appraisal pathways of protective motivation-threat appraisal pathway and coping appraisal pathway.Data from a large sample of middle school students(n=2238,51%male,mean age 13.13±1.10)recruited in Hubei,China was used to evaluated the validity and reliability of the scale.Results:The final scale contains 18 items with seven sub-constructs.Cronbach’s Alpha coefficients for the entire instrument was 0.76,and for the seven sub-constructs of severity,vulnerability,intrinsic reward,extrinsic reward,response efficacy,self-efficacy and response cost was 0.56,0.82,0.75,0.80,0.90,0.72 and 0.70,respectively.The construct validity analysis revealed that the one level 7 sub-constructs model fitted data well(GFI=0.98,CFI=0.98,RMSEA=0.03,Chi-sq/df=3.90,p<0.001).Predictive validity showed that both the PMT instrument score and the 7 sub-construct scores were significantly correlated with the intention engaged in protective behavior against schistosomiasis(p<0.05).Conclusions:This study provides a reliable and valid tool to measure protective motivation in schistosomiasis prevention control.Further studies are needed to develop more effective intervention programs for schistosomiasis prevention.

Predicting South Korea adolescents vulnerable to depressive disorder using Bayesian nomogram:A community-based crosssectional study

BACKGROUND Although South Korea has developed and carried out evidence-based interventions and prevention programs to prevent depressive disorder in adolescents,the number of adolescents with depressive disorder has increased every year for the past 10 years.AIM To develop a nomogram based on a naïve Bayesian algorithm by using epidemiological data on adolescents in South Korea and present baseline data for screening depressive disorder in adolescents.METHODS Epidemiological data from 2438 subjects who completed a brief symptom inventory questionnaire were used to develop a model based on a Bayesian nomogram for predicting depressive disorder in adolescents.RESULTS Physical symptoms,aggression,social withdrawal,attention,satisfaction with school life,mean sleeping hours,and conversation time with parents were influential factors on depressive disorder in adolescents.Among them,physical symptoms were the most influential.CONCLUSION Active intervention by periodically checking the emotional state of adolescents and offering individual counseling and in-depth psychological examinations when necessary are required to mitigate depressive disorder in adolescents.

Psychosocial Correlates of Motivation for Academic Accomplishment among University Students

Motivation has been a concept of interest for behavioral and cognitive scientists for its significant contribution to human behaviors and conducts. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between intrinsic motivation to academic accomplishment (IMTA) and psychosocial wellbeing among university students in Jordan. Methods: cross sectional correctional design utilized to collect data from 218 university students in regards to motivation to academic accomplishment, social support, life satisfaction, optimism, and depressive symptoms. The results showed that university students in Jordan had low moderate level of IMAT, and that IMAT had positive association with perceived social support from family (r = 0.17, p r = 0.14, p r = 0.19, p None of the psychosocial factors were found to be significant predictor of IMATA, while age group and working status were significant ones (p < 0.05). Moreover, there was significant difference in IMTA in regards to age groups showing that 1st and 2nd year’s students had higher IMTA than their counterparts in higher academic levels. Implication for mental health counselors at the students’ health services and centers were discussed.

Internalized symptoms in adolescence as predictors of mental health in adulthood in the Northern Swedish cohort

Although mental health symptoms in children and adolescents are shown to predict young adult mental health outcomes, long-term prospective studies of childhood cohorts are few. The aim of the present study was to analyze the prospective importance of internalized mental health symptoms in adolescence for internalized symptoms in adulthood. Methods: A community-based prospective longitudinal cohort provided information by questionnaire about psychological status at age 16 and 43 (n=1010, representing 94.3% of those still alive). Socio-demographic variables which were indicative of possible childhood adversity (parental class, absence, illness, unemployment, relationship, crowding, number of moves) were treated as confounders and controlled for in ordinal regression. Results: For both women and men, internalizing mental health symptoms reported at 16 significantly predicted the same outcome at 43 years, after controlling for previous adverse environmental conditions (OR =1.2 for women, 1.3 for men). Conclusion: In this representative cohort studied over 27 years with excellent retention rates, the occurrence of self-reported worry, panic and sadness in mid-adolescence significantly increased the likelihood of similar states in middle adulthood.

A Risk Score System for Myopia Symptom Warning

Myopia is the leading cause of visual impairments worldwide. Some studies revealed that visual experience in early life affected the final myopia, indicating that environmental factors play an impellent role in the development of myopia. However, risk factors of myopia are still not identified among adolescents in China. A total of 4104 cases of myopia symptom and 3306 emmetropia controls were selected from students in primary and middle schools in Wuhan in 2008. We identified the risk factors associated with myopia symptom by multivariate logistic regression in this cross-sectional study and constructed a risk score system for myopia symptom. The value of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was 0.735. Furthermore, we followed up 93 students aged 7-9 years for one year and calculated the total points using the score system. We found no significant difference between the final myopia symptom and the results predicted by the total points by pair chi-square test (P>0.05). The score system had a modest ability to estimate the risk factors of myopia symptom. Using this score system, we could identify the students who are at risk of myopia symptom in the future according to their behaviors and environmental factors, and take measures to slow the progress of myopia symptom.

Conceptualization and treatment of negative symptoms in schizophrenia

Negative symptoms of schizophrenia including social withdrawal, diminished affective response, lack of interest, poor social drive, and decreased sense of purpose or goal directed activity predict poor functional outcomes for patients with schizophrenia. They may develop and be maintained as a result of structural and functional brain abnormalities, particularly associated with dopamine reward pathways and by environmental and psychosocial factors such as self-defeating cognitions and the relief from overstimulation that accompanies withdrawal from social and role functioning. Negative symptoms are more difficult to treat than the positive symptoms of schizophrenia and represent an unmet therapeutic need for large numbers of patients with schizophrenia. While antipsychotic medications to treat the symptoms of schizophrenia have been around for decades, they have done little to address the significant functional impairments in the disorder that are associated with negative symptoms. Negative symptoms and the resulting loss in productivity are responsible for much of the world-wide personal and economic burden of schizophrenia. Pharmacologic treatments may be somewhat successful in treating secondary causes of negative symptoms, such as antipsychotic side effects and depression. However, in the United States there are no currently approved treatments for severe and persistent negative symptoms(PNS) that are not responsive to treatments for secondary causes. Pharmacotherapy and psychosocial treatments are currently being developed and tested with severe and PNS as their primary targets. Academia, clinicians, the pharmaceutical industry, research funders, payers and regulators will need to work together to pursue novel treatments to address this major public health issue.

Wuling capsule combined with sertraline in the therapy of anxiety and depression with insomnia in adolescents

BACKGROUND The treatment of adolescent patients with anxiety,depression and insomnia is challenging,and there is no ideal treatment method.AIM To evaluate the clinical efficacy of Wuling capsule combined with sertraline in the treatment of adolescent anxiety,depression and insomnia.METHODS Eighty adolescent patients with anxiety,depression with insomnia who were admitted to our hospital from April 1,2022 to March 30,2024.And the subjects were randomly classified into the control group(n=40)and the observational group(n=40).The control group was treated with a combination of sertraline and placebo.The observation group was treated with Wuling capsule in addition to sertraline.The two groups were cured continuously for 8 weeks.Insomnia severity index(ISI),Hamilton Anxiety Scale(HAMA)and Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD)were used to evaluate the clinical symptoms before treatment and at 2,4,6 and 8 weeks after treatment.The Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale(TESS)was used to evaluate adverse reactions during treatment.RESULTS There was no obvious difference in HAMD,HAMA and ISI scores between the two groups before treatment(P>0.05).After treatment,the HAMD,HAMA and ISI scores of patients in both groups decreased compared with before treatment,and HAMD,HAMA and ISI scores of patients in the observation group were remarkedly lower than those in the control group at each time point after treatment(P<0.05).Compared with the control group,the TESS score of the study group were sharply lower(t=18.239,P<0.001).CONCLUSION Wuling capsule can further alleviate the insomnia symptoms of adolescents with anxiety and depression,and the efficacy and safety are high.It is recommended to promote the application.

角色认同、内部动机、主观锻炼体验与青少年锻炼行为的关系研究

目的:运用交叉滞后研究设计,探讨青少年角色认同、内部动机、主观锻炼体验与锻炼行为的因果关系。方法:采用《锻炼认同量表》中的角色认同分量表,《因果控制点知觉量表》的内部动机分量表,《主观锻炼体验量表》的积极幸福感和心理困扰分量表,以及《体育活动等级量表》等,对1091名青少年(45.28%男生)进行为期12周、两阶段的纵向问卷调查。结果:对于青少年,角色认同、内部动机、主观锻炼体验和锻炼行为的性别、学段差异显著(各指标男性皆高于女性,初中生皆高于高中生);角色认同、内部动机、主观锻炼体验与锻炼行为皆具有跨时间的稳定正相关;交叉滞后分析显示,角色认同与内部动机、角色认同与锻炼行为分别存在互为因果的关系,且内部动机能够单向预测12周后的锻炼行为和主观锻炼体验,锻炼行为能够单向预测12周后的主观锻炼体验,主观锻炼体验能够单向预测12周后的角色认同。结论:在青少年体育锻炼情境中,角色认同、内部动机、主观锻炼体验和锻炼行为具有性别、学段的非一致性特征;角色认同与内部动机、角色认同与锻炼行为分别存在互促、互抑关系,且内部动机是锻炼行为、主观锻炼体验的原因变量,锻炼行为是主观锻炼体验的原因变量,主观锻炼体验是角色认同的原因变量。

青少年静态行为与抑郁症状的相关性研究

探究静态行为与青少年抑郁症状之间的关系,为改善和预防青少年抑郁提供相关理论依据。于2021年9—12月在上海、昆明、乌鲁木齐、宿州与长沙采取分层整群随机抽样抽取10327名12~17岁青少年进行静态行为调查与抑郁症状评估,采用卡方检验、逻辑回归分析探讨两者关系。结果显示:青少年抑郁总检出率为28.6%,其中抑郁症状、严重抑郁总检出率分别为19.5%、9.1%。高中生抑郁检出率高于初中,女生检出率高于男生。控制相关影响因素后,静态行为时长≥8h、视屏时间≥2h组的青少年抑郁症状检出率分别为静态行为时长<8h、视屏时间<2h组的1.302和1.348倍(P<0.01)。研究表明:静态行为尤其是视屏时间与青少年抑郁症状密切相关。应当重视静态行为对青少年身心健康造成的危害,通过设定合理的使用时间、鼓励参与户外活动、教育正确的使用习惯、家长监督和参与等措施限制静态行为和视屏时间,引导青少年正确使用电子设备,以减少和预防青少年抑郁症状的发生。

青少年社交恐惧症状的可控性因素及干预措施研究进展

社交恐惧症状作为社交恐惧症的早期表现,近年来在青少年群体中呈现出显著增长的趋势,这一现象已引起社会的广泛关注。现有研究表明,准确识别与干预社交恐惧症状,能够有效缓解其给青少年带去的负面影响,促进青少年心理健康发展。同时,深入分析国内外青少年社交恐惧症状的现状,探索其影响因素和有效干预策略,不仅是预防和治疗社交恐惧症的关键,也是推进“健康中国行动”道路上亟须解决的重要课题。鉴于此,本研究将通过回顾青少年社交恐惧症状的生理、心理和社交行为表征,从人格、家庭、学校和社交媒体等方面探讨青少年社交恐惧症状的可控性因素及相关干预措施,为青少年心理健康领域的教育工作者提供理论参考。

6~24岁超重/肥胖儿童青少年抑郁及焦虑症状检出率Meta分析

目的 评估6~24岁超重/肥胖儿童青少年抑郁及焦虑症状检出率。方法 系统检索中国知网、万方数据、重庆维普、中国生物医学文献数据库和PubMed,搜集有关超重/肥胖儿童青少年抑郁及焦虑症状检出率的文献,检索时限均由建库至2022年12月。由2位研究者独立筛选文献、提取数据并评价纳入研究的偏倚风险后,采用Stata 14.0软件进行Meta分析。结果 超重/肥胖儿童青少年中,抑郁及焦虑症状的总体检出率分别为21%(95%CI:17%~25%,I2=95.8%)和20%(95%CI:13%~27%,I2=96.7%);超重/肥胖儿童青少年比非超重/肥胖儿童青少年更有可能有抑郁症状(OR=1.62,95%CI:1.25~2.10,P<0.05)和焦虑症状(OR=2.13,95%CI:1.11~4.10,P<0.05)。结论 抑郁及焦虑症状在超重/肥胖儿童青少年中较常见,超重/肥胖儿童青少年有较高的抑郁及焦虑风险。为了减少抑郁及焦虑风险,应定期进行有效筛查和干预。

基于“五脏偏倾”理论探析青少年特发性脊柱侧弯中医病机与治则

[目的]探析青少年特发性脊柱侧弯中医病机与治则,开拓其中医诊治思路。[方法]通过查阅中医古代文献中青少年特发性脊柱侧弯相关文献,基于《黄帝内经》“五脏偏倾”理论,通过文献研究总结青少年特发性脊柱侧弯中医病因、病机、治则治法,探讨中医“五脏偏倾”理论对AIS治疗与调摄的指导作用。[结果]文献研究发现,《黄帝内经》“五脏偏倾”表现与青少年特发性脊柱侧弯的病变部位、症状特征高度一致。基于中医“五脏偏倾”理论的学术内涵,青少年特发性脊柱侧弯症因以禀赋不足为主,饮食不节、劳倦所伤为诱,病机以脾肾失调、五脏偏倾为本,筋出槽、骨错缝为标,治则为调理脾肾、端正五脏、筋骨并重、内外结合,治法应综合内服、外治、导引、食疗等多种方法。[结论]青少年特发性脊柱侧弯与“五脏偏倾”高度相关。基于“五脏偏倾”理论探讨青少年特发性脊柱侧弯的病机与治则,可以为青少年特发性脊柱侧弯的“治未病”“既病防变”临床诊疗提供中医思路,值得重视与进一步挖掘并应用于临床。

青少年抑郁症患者主动遗忘能力与童年创伤和抑郁症状的关系

目的:比较青少年抑郁症患者与正常青少年在主动遗忘能力上的差异,并探讨该能力与童年创伤和抑郁症状的关系。方法:符合精神障碍诊断与统计手册第5版(DSM-5)抑郁症诊断标准的141例青少年患者和42例正常对照组参与研究。采用定向遗忘(DF)任务,以情绪图片为记忆材料,比较两组在再认成绩上的差异。DF效应指“记住”条件再认成绩高于“忘记”条件。并采用儿童期创伤问卷(CTQ-SF)和贝克抑郁量表(BDI-II)评估被试的童年创伤程度和抑郁症状。结果:与正常对照组不同,抑郁症组仅在正性材料中出现DF效应(P<0.001)。在抑郁症组中,负性材料DF效应值在CTQ-SF得分与BDI-II得分间起部分中介作用(效应值=0.10,95%可信区间为0.05~0.17,占总效应21.3%)。结论:青少年抑郁症患者的主动遗忘能力部分受损,他们对负性记忆的主动遗忘能力在童年创伤与抑郁症状间有部分中介效应。

青少年“体重焦虑”与抑郁症状关系:手机依赖的中介作用

为探索手机依赖在青少年“体重焦虑”与抑郁症状之间的中介作用,为青少年心理健康的管理和预防工作提供依据,文章采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,于2021年11月—2022年3月在12所学校发放电子问卷,共纳入9225例青少年作为研究对象。调查内容包括一般情况调查表、“体重焦虑”问卷、手机使用依赖自评问卷和简版流调中心用抑郁量表。结果显示,“体重焦虑”与抑郁症状呈显著正相关(β=0.39,P<0.001);手机依赖在“体重焦虑”不同表现与抑郁症状关系中均起中介作用,间接效应分别占比14.29%、14.91%和22.08%。手机依赖在青少年“体重焦虑”与抑郁症状之间起中介作用,个体对体重的高度在意和敏感会使该间接作用占比较大。

重庆市中学生睡眠时间型与抑郁症状的交叉滞后分析

目的:探讨重庆市中学生睡眠时间型与抑郁症状的发展变化及两者间相互影响。方法:选取1 208名中学生(初一613人,高一595人)进行3次追踪调查,每次间隔6个月。T1~T3时期分别代表基线、6月、12月时间点。采用清晨型与夜晚型量表-5条目(MEQ-5)和病人健康问卷抑郁量表(PHQ-9)分别测量睡眠时间型和抑郁症状。使用SPSS26.0和Mplus8.3进行分析。结果:T1时期MEQ-5得分低于T3时期得分,T2时期MEQ-5得分低于T1与T3时期得分(F=20.08,P<0.001),提示睡眠时间型在基线后先向夜晚型转变,后向清晨型发展,呈现波动关系。PHQ-9得分3次测量存在差异(χ^(2)/df=9.77/2,P<0.01),但两两比较提示无统计学意义(P>0.05)。交叉滞后模型显示,T_(i)MEQ-5得分负向预测T_(i+1)PHQ-9得分(β_(Ti-Ti+1)=0.12/-0.09,P<0.05)与TiPHQ-9得分负向预测T_(i+1)MEQ-5得分的交叉滞后通径有统计学意义(β_(Ti-Ti+1)=-0.07/-0.11,P<0.05)。结论:青少年睡眠时间型与抑郁症状存在一定变化,越倾向于夜晚型抑郁症状发生可能性更高,抑郁症状越严重后续向夜晚型转变的可能性更大。