Measurement invariance and latent mean differences of the Chinese version physical activity self-efficacy scale across gender and education levels

Background: Self-efficacy has been identified as an important determinant of youth's behavior change including physical activity(PA) participation. However, the dimensionality check of a PA self-efficacy scale has rarely been conducted in China. The current study aims to examine(1) the unidimensionality of a shortened Chinese version of PA self-efficacy scale(S-PASESC);(2) the measurement invariance of S-PASESC across gender and levels of education;(3) the latent factor mean difference between gender and levels of education;(4) the direct effects of self-efficacy on PA by different gender and education levels; and(5) the comparisons of the direct effects of self-efficacy on PA across gender and education levels.Methods: The participants were 5 th through 11 th grade public school students recruited from 7 cities located in different geographic regions of China. The final data include a total of 3003 participants(49.7% boys) who have completed the scales.Results: Confirmatory factor analysis(CFA) test supported the unidimensionality of S-PASESC. The S-PASESC is invariant across gender and 3 levels of education at both configural, full metric, and full scalar levels. Findings from latent mean comparisons showed that boys reported higher PA self-efficacy than girls. Students' perceived PA self-efficacy tend to decrease from elementary to high school. Finally, self-efficacy positively related to PA by groups of different gender and education levels and the relationship between self-efficacy and PA is stronger among middle school boys than girls.Conclusion: Findings suggest S-PASESC is a valid scale for measuring Chinese students' PA self-efficacy.

青少年学生身体自我特点的初步研究

本研究编制的青少年学生身体自我量表具有较高的信度和效度 ,该量表包含五个因素 :相貌特征、运动特征、身体特征、性特征和负面特征。我国青少年学生的身体自我在总体上不存在性别差异 ,但女生对自己在运动特征和身材特征上的满意度显著高于男生。从中学生到大学生的年级发展趋势看 ,青少年学生身体自我的满意度总体上呈下降趋势 ;随着年级的升高 ,他们对自己的身体越来有越多的不满意。

青少年理想身体自我量表编制

对1124名青少年被试进行开放式问卷、封闭式问卷测试和探索性因素分析,结果表明:自编青少年理想身体自我量表具有良好的信度和效度。男性理想身体自我的维度为:性感魅力、运动健康、高大力量、浓眉大眼。女性理想身体自我的维度为性感魅力、匀称健康、苗条飘逸和洋气骨感。在中国文化背景下,青少年理想身体自我是多维度的。男性和女性理想身体有共同维度,均看重健康、性感和头发;也存在不同的维度,即男性身体更强调有力量、强壮和高大,女性身体更强调苗条和匀称。

身体美:我国青少年理想身体自我特点

对14、17和20岁青少年理想身体自我的研究发现,我国青少年理想身体自我是多维度的,有明显的性别差异。对男性理想身体,女性更喜欢性感和相貌因素,男性更看重力量因素;对于女性理想身体,男性更重视性感因素,女性更重视相貌因素。随年龄增长,青少年越来越看重性感因素,对男性身体越来越强调力量因素和一般魅力因素,对女性身体越来越强调相貌因素。体型指数BMI对青少年女性理想身体偏好有显著影响。