Similar to other areas of Pakistan, land resources in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa(KP) is kept under various ownership regimes for socio-economic and ecological benefits. For the last three to four decades, communal lands and r...Similar to other areas of Pakistan, land resources in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa(KP) is kept under various ownership regimes for socio-economic and ecological benefits. For the last three to four decades, communal lands and resources are subjected to high rate of degradation and deterioration, which is leading to multifarious socio-economical and ecological implications. This paper intends to look into factors that are responsible for the degradation of communal land and the adaptability of the management mechanisms developed by the local inhabitants to conserve these resources. Moreover, this study also explores the sustainability of these adopted strategies in present circumstances. Data regarding socio-economic parameters of the inhabitants and their interactions with communal lands were collected through questionnaire cum interview method. As long-term climatic data for the area do not exist therefore focus group discussions were conducted to document the changing trend in rainfall regimes and temperature variations for the last about four decades. Results indicate that communal lands are highly vulnerable to degradation due to biophysical and anthropogenic factors. Local inhabitants have developed suitable measures to control the situation, however, accelerated socioeconomic transformations in the area have weakened the role of local institutions and that led to further degradation of these resources. Nevertheless, a number of locally formulated rules have been revived and implemented and it is hoped that these threatened resources would be conserved.展开更多
More and more marketplace platforms choose to use the data gathered from consumers(e.g.,customer search terms,demographics)to provide a data analytics service for third-party sellers,both encouraging innovations and i...More and more marketplace platforms choose to use the data gathered from consumers(e.g.,customer search terms,demographics)to provide a data analytics service for third-party sellers,both encouraging innovations and improving the operations of the latter.Through adopting the data analytics service,a seller can enhance its competitiveness by improving the quality of its products when there is more than one seller offering substitutes.This study develops a game-theoretic model to characterize a scenario with a marketplace platform and two competing sellers that sell substitutable products and decide whether to adopt the data analytics service provided by the platform.Then,we find that a seller's decision of whether or not to purchase the service depends on the competitor's decision and the two sellers'absorptive capacities of knowledge.Furthermore,a seller can benefit from adopting the data analytics service only if the seller has a high absorptive capacity,which can help increase product quality.When only one seller adopts,the platform and competing sellers can benefit from the adoption if this seller's absorptive capacity is high and the other's is moderate.The sellers'interests and social welfare can be aligned unless both sellers'absorptive capacities are low or high.展开更多
T cell mediated adoptive immune response has been characterized as the key to anti-tumor immunity. Scientists around the world including in China, have been trying to harness the power of T cells against tumors for de...T cell mediated adoptive immune response has been characterized as the key to anti-tumor immunity. Scientists around the world including in China, have been trying to harness the power of T cells against tumors for decades. Recently, the biosynthetic chimeric antigen receptor engineered T cell(CAR-T) strategy was developed and exhibited encouraging clinical efficacy, especially in hematological malignancies. Chimeric antigen receptor research reports began in 2009 in China according to our Pub Med search results. Clinical trials have been ongoing in China since 2013 according to the trial registrations on clinicaltrials.gov.. After years of assiduous efforts, research and clinical scientists in China have made their own achievements in the CAR-T therapy field. In this review, we aim to highlight CAR-T research and clinical trials in China, to provide an informative reference for colleagues in the field.展开更多
文摘Similar to other areas of Pakistan, land resources in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa(KP) is kept under various ownership regimes for socio-economic and ecological benefits. For the last three to four decades, communal lands and resources are subjected to high rate of degradation and deterioration, which is leading to multifarious socio-economical and ecological implications. This paper intends to look into factors that are responsible for the degradation of communal land and the adaptability of the management mechanisms developed by the local inhabitants to conserve these resources. Moreover, this study also explores the sustainability of these adopted strategies in present circumstances. Data regarding socio-economic parameters of the inhabitants and their interactions with communal lands were collected through questionnaire cum interview method. As long-term climatic data for the area do not exist therefore focus group discussions were conducted to document the changing trend in rainfall regimes and temperature variations for the last about four decades. Results indicate that communal lands are highly vulnerable to degradation due to biophysical and anthropogenic factors. Local inhabitants have developed suitable measures to control the situation, however, accelerated socioeconomic transformations in the area have weakened the role of local institutions and that led to further degradation of these resources. Nevertheless, a number of locally formulated rules have been revived and implemented and it is hoped that these threatened resources would be conserved.
基金supported by the Major Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.72394373)the National Excellent Youth Fund of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.72022012)the Key Program and General Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.72231004,No.71871155 and No.71971153).Authors are very grateful to the editor and all reviewers whose invaluable comments and suggestions substantially helped improve the quality of our paper.
文摘More and more marketplace platforms choose to use the data gathered from consumers(e.g.,customer search terms,demographics)to provide a data analytics service for third-party sellers,both encouraging innovations and improving the operations of the latter.Through adopting the data analytics service,a seller can enhance its competitiveness by improving the quality of its products when there is more than one seller offering substitutes.This study develops a game-theoretic model to characterize a scenario with a marketplace platform and two competing sellers that sell substitutable products and decide whether to adopt the data analytics service provided by the platform.Then,we find that a seller's decision of whether or not to purchase the service depends on the competitor's decision and the two sellers'absorptive capacities of knowledge.Furthermore,a seller can benefit from adopting the data analytics service only if the seller has a high absorptive capacity,which can help increase product quality.When only one seller adopts,the platform and competing sellers can benefit from the adoption if this seller's absorptive capacity is high and the other's is moderate.The sellers'interests and social welfare can be aligned unless both sellers'absorptive capacities are low or high.
基金supported by Science and Technology Planning Project of Beijing City (Z151100003915076 to Weidong Han)National Natural Science Foundation of China (31270820, 81230061 to Weidong Han, 81502679 to Can Luo)
文摘T cell mediated adoptive immune response has been characterized as the key to anti-tumor immunity. Scientists around the world including in China, have been trying to harness the power of T cells against tumors for decades. Recently, the biosynthetic chimeric antigen receptor engineered T cell(CAR-T) strategy was developed and exhibited encouraging clinical efficacy, especially in hematological malignancies. Chimeric antigen receptor research reports began in 2009 in China according to our Pub Med search results. Clinical trials have been ongoing in China since 2013 according to the trial registrations on clinicaltrials.gov.. After years of assiduous efforts, research and clinical scientists in China have made their own achievements in the CAR-T therapy field. In this review, we aim to highlight CAR-T research and clinical trials in China, to provide an informative reference for colleagues in the field.
