THE BEHAVIOR OF ADULT OF OSIER WEEVIL

The behavior of osier weevil’s adult was studied at Lindian County in Heilongjiang Provillce in 1987-90. Osier weevil started emergence in the last ten days in July and peaked in the tirst and second ten days in August. Emergence on the susceptible species, such as Populus berolinensis, is 5 to 10 days earlier than that on the species of pest-resistance such as P. xiaohei. The adult move slowly, and it spreads or distributes mainly by crawling or by carrying of human beings. Osier weevil has a selection on host species tbr intake nourishment. According to the degree of being addicted, the series can be arranged as Populus berolinensis. Populus staline, Populus pesudo simonii× nigra,Populus xiaohei, Populus pachermis. The adult is likely to dwell on trunks and likely to eat slender and tender branches. Osier weevil makes a choice of host plants to lay eggs. The adult laid more eggs on the P.berolinensis than on P. xiaohei or willow. Most of the eggs laid on the young trees were distributed blow 2 m height. As tree’s age increase, the eggs’ spots get higher and higher. The eggs laid on the eastern and the southern sides of ti1e trunk are more than that laid on the West and the North. P.berolinensis and P. staline are the source trees of osier weevil in artificial Stands in Western Heilongjiang. Cutting the pest source tree, planting pest-resistance species, strengthening the quarantine of the forest plants, and controlling of the diseases and pests timely have very important significance to prevent the occtirrence and damage of this pest.

AN OBSERVATION STUDY ON BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERS AND MATING BEHAVIOR OF DAHURIAN CASEBEARER(COLEOPHORA DAHURICA FLKV.)ADULTS

Through rearing tests and observations under laboratory conditions, biological characters and mating behavior of Dahurian casebearer (Coleophora dahurica Flkv.) adults were studied in this paper. Results discovered that the time of emergense of male adults was 24h to 36h earlier than that of female adults. The peak of sex pheromone secretion of the female adults appeared of 24h to 42h after the emergence. The reaction of male adults on the sex pheromone was most sensitive during 30h to 48h after emerged, so the earlier emergence of the male adults was favorable to mating. The phenomenon of repeated mating did not exist in female adults, but the male adults could mate for several times, with maximum of 4 times. There was a definite behavioral reaction during the mating period of male and female adults, and the certain period of feeding and mating times could affect the adults longervity to a certain degree.

Evidence of Specific Healthy Behaviors Positively Associated with General Life Satisfaction among Rural Adults

Background: Chronic diseases are the leading causes of death worldwide. Evidence suggests that infrequent adopting healthy behaviors correlated with many chronic diseases. Healthy behaviors can lead to a marked reduction of morbidity and mortality. Life satisfaction is an important parameter of well-being. Few studies have focused on the association between healthy behaviors and life satisfaction among adults in rural areas. Aim: To establish the determinant and modifiable lifestyle factors associated with life satisfaction among rural adults. Methods: We analyzed our previous health promotion program in a rural area in 2013 obtained from 27 villages (n = 8024) in Yunlin County, Taiwan. The assessment comprised one question assessing self-reported life satisfaction on a 5-point scale (dichotomous: low satisfaction/high satisfaction) and four domain-specific items of health-related behaviors (smoking, oral hygiene, exercise, healthy diet). Logistic regression was used to examine the association between health-related behaviors and life satisfaction adjusted for age, sex, and education. Findings: The mean age was 47.6 years (SD = 16.2), and 56.7% (n = 4551) of the participants were female. Participants with lower life satisfaction reported frequently perceived dissatisfaction with sleep quality (p < 0.001) and health status (p < 0.001). After adjusting for potential confounding variables, the associated risk factors for lower life satisfaction were smoking (OR = 1.20, p = 0.006), less frequently adopted healthy behaviors including dental check (OR = 1.23, p < 0.001), infrequent teeth brushing (OR = 1.12, p = 0.022), infrequent use of dental floss (OR = 1.12, p = 0.028), infrequent consumption of a balanced diet (OR = 1.64, p < 0.001), insufficient vegetable intake (OR = 1.19, p = 0.001), insufficient water intake (OR = 1.14, p = 0.009), and infrequent regular exercise (OR = 1.26, p < 0.001). Conclusions: The findings showed that many adults did not adopt healthy habits in their life. This study identified significant unhealthy behaviors associated with lower life satisfaction, including cigarette smoking, unhealthy diet, poor oral hygiene, and physical inactivity. The enhancement of health promotion programs to improve life satisfaction through decreasing unhealthy habits is necessary for rural adults.

Cholesterol or Fat Rich Diets Accelerate Natural Age-Decline on Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Have an Impact in Memory and Like-Anxiety Behavior

Diet is an important health factor and it has been recently associated with neurodegenerative diseases and cognitive decline. Here it was investigated the effect of fatty acid or cholesterol rich diets with the possible acceleration of the biological decline in adult hippocampal neurogenesis associated with aging in middle-age rats, and its impact on anxiety and memory function. It was found that a diet of 10 weeks with saturated fatty acids and cholesterol has a detrimental effect on memory function, exerts like-anxiety behavior and diminishes the presence of new generated neurons in the hippocampus in six months old rats.

久坐与社区老年人下肢肌力:跌倒恐惧与年龄的中介和调节作用

背景:人体老龄化进程中,下肢肌肉力量会随着年龄的增长呈现显著的生理性下降,久坐、跌倒恐惧、年龄与下肢肌力之间可能存在一定关联,但它们之间的影响路径与效应关系尚不明确。目的:探究社区老年人久坐和下肢肌肉力量之间的关系,并探讨跌倒恐惧和年龄在上述两者关系中的作用。方法:共招募331名60岁及以上的上海市社区老年人。采用问卷调查法收集基本信息、人口学资料等;采用国际身体活动问卷-短卷评估久坐时间,采用30 s坐站测试测量下肢肌力,采用中文版国际跌倒效能量表测评跌倒恐惧。对数据进行描述统计、相关分析、基于回归的路径分析和中介效应检验。结果与结论:最终以318名老年人[78.9%为女性,平均年龄(67.8±5.5)岁]的有效数据纳入分析,其中久坐时间≥3 h的185名,<3 h的133名。①久坐和跌倒恐惧呈正相关关系(P<0.01),下肢肌力和久坐(P<0.01)、跌倒恐惧(P<0.001)均呈负相关关系。②久坐显著负向预测下肢肌力(β=-0.125,P<0.05),久坐显著正向预测跌倒恐惧(β=0.182,P<0.01);跌倒恐惧显著负向预测下肢肌力(β=-0.293,P<0.001)。③跌倒恐惧在久坐和下肢肌力之间起中介作用(β=-0.053,95%CI:-0.100至-0.018)。④久坐对跌倒恐惧的预测效应具有统计学意义(β=0.164,P<0.01),这说明年龄调节了久坐对跌倒恐惧的影响。

可穿戴设备干预促进老年人身体活动的Meta分析

目的:虽然可穿戴设备在促进老年人身体活动方面的潜在效益已得到认可,但现有研究针对该人群的具体效果尚未进行全面系统的评估。文章旨在系统评价可穿戴设备干预对老年人中高强度身体活动、低强度身体活动、总身体活动、每日步数以及久坐行为等身体活动相关指标的影响。方法:通过PubMed、EMbase、Scopus、Ovid-Medline、The Cochrane Library、SPORTDiscus、CNKI、维普和万方等数据库检索文献,搜集关于可穿戴设备干预对老年人身体活动影响的随机对照试验,检索时限为各数据库建库至2024-03-10。采用Cochrane偏倚风险评估工具对纳入文献进行方法学质量评价,运用Review Manager 5.2和Stata 12.0软件进行数据合并、亚组分析、森林图绘制、敏感性分析、发表偏倚评价及单因素Meta回归分析。结果:①最终纳入43篇文献,包含5194个样本量;②Meta分析结果显示,可穿戴设备干预对老年人每日步数(SMD=0.48,95%CI:0.33-0.62,P<0.00001)、中高强度身体活动(SMD=0.29,95%CI:0.20-0.38,P<0.00001)、低强度身体活动(SMD=0.17,95%CI:0.02-0.32,P=0.03)和总身体活动(SMD=0.15,95%CI:0.02-0.28,P=0.02)均有显著的促进效果,然而对改善老年人久坐行为无明显效果(SMD=-0.08,95%CI:-0.21-0.05,P=0.22);③亚组分析结果显示,采用综合干预措施、干预时间≤12周以及使用计步器作为干预设备对促进老年人低强度身体活动和总身体活动的效果更佳;采用综合干预措施、干预时间≤12周及使用加速度计为干预设备可能对促进老年人每日步数和中高强度身体活动更有效;④Meta回归结果表明,年龄(P=0.038)和健康状况(P=0.083)是影响每日步数异质性的重要因素。结论:当前证据表明,可穿戴设备干预在促进老年人每日步数、中高强度身体活动、低强度身体活动和总身体活动方面具有积极作用,建议在设计可穿戴设备干预方案时,考虑采用综合干预方式、干预时间≤12周并根据干预目标选择合适的设备。尽管如此,对于减少久坐行为的干预效果尚需更多高质量随机对照试验来进一步验证。

Exploring Cross Generational COVID-19 Attitudes and Behaviors

Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic has presented extraordinary challenges that have tested the resolve of the world and transformed our daily lives. We sought to capture COVID-related attitudes and behaviors of older adults and relate these to views of adolescents from a national study in the USA. Methods: This mixed-methods online survey accepted responses from adult volunteers, age 55+, from April to July 2020 (N = 223). We used a snowball approach to recruitment initiated in the state of Maine (USA). Results: Older respondents tended to report congruent attitudes concerning COVID-19 risks and associated preventative behaviors. Most reported taking Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidance seriously. In contrast, adolescents surveyed in a prior study reported similar adherence, but less concern. Thematic review of open-ended responses highlights key intergenerational similarities and differences. Discussion: COVID-19 has changed day-to-day life in myriad ways. Attitudes vary within and between age groups. Further research could focus on intergenerational differences in motivations underlying behaviors as well as differing needs for public health education and support.

Diagnostic procedures and classification of antisocial behavior in Norwegian inmates in preventive detention

In official Norwegian government reports’ prison statistics, it is claimed that the prevalence of Dissocial Personality Disorder (DPD) or Antisocial Personality Disorder (APD) among inmates in preventive detention is approximately 50%. Furthermore, previous findings have described a practice in which forensic examiners use the DSM SCID axis II for APD to confirm an ICD 10 diagnosis of DPD. Clinical investigation supported by the use of SCID Axis II for quality assurance was performed on almost half the population of inmates (46.4%) in preventive detention at a high security prison. The inmates had all committed severe violent acts including murder. All the information obtained by applying the DSM IV-TR criteria was tested against the ICD-10 Research Criteria (ICD-10-RC) for Dissocial Personality Disorder (ICD-10, DPD). It was found that all inmates met the ICD-10-RC for (DPD) and the DSM-IV-TR definition for Adult Antisocial Behavior (AAB). On the other hand, none met the DSM-IV-TR criteria for (APD). The SCID Axis II failed to identify inmates with APD because the DSM-IV-TR C-criteria, referring to symptoms of childhood Conduct Disorder (CD), were not met. These findings raise important questions since the choice of diagnostic system may influence whether a person’s clinically described antisocial behaviour should be classified as a personality disorder or not. For the inmates, a diagnosis of APD or DPD may compromise their legal rights and affect decisions on prolongation of the preventive detention. Studies have shown that combining the DSM and the ICD diagnostic systems may have consequences for the reliability of the diagnosis.

LATERAL DISPERSAL OF ADULT AQUATIC INSECTS FOLLOWING EMERGENCE FROM THE MIDDLE REACHES OF THE CHIKUMA RIVER(HONSHU ISLAND,JAPAN)IN RELATION TO WATERFRONT VEGETATION

To clarify the role of waterfront vegetation of floodplains for adult aquatic insects, Trichoptera and Diptera (Tipulidae and Chironomidae), in the middle reaches of the Chikuma River from May to July, an investigation of the number of these insects was conducted by trapping in each type of vegetation using board traps.A total of 2608.5 adults/m 2 were collected, and we identified a total of 26 species belonging to three taxa,i.e., seven species of Trichoptera, four species of Tipulidae and 15 species of Chironomidae. The most abundant species was Psychomyia acutipennis in Trichoptera (95.7%). There was a significant difference between the number of P.acutipennis in the all vegetation area (especially, Salix subfragilis) and the control area (no vegetation) during the investigation periods (P<0.05, Mann-Whitney U-test). Other taxa did not show a significant difference between the all vegetation area and the control. Moreover, the numbers of adult P. acutipennis showed a significant difference in height on each vegetation. In the case of Vicia villosa varia and V. villosa varia plus dead Phragmites australis, the highest number was caught in the traps set in the boundary between one plant and the plant above (P<0.05, Steel-Dwass Test) in May.On the other hand, in the case of almost all vegetation during the investigation periods (except of S.subfragilis in May, Melilotus officinalis plus dead P.australis in June), the highest number was caught in the traps set up within the vegetation (P<0.05, Steel-Dwass Test).As a result, a significant difference was observed in the number of trapped P.acutipennis according to the vegetation and its height.It is suggested that the existence of multiple types of vegetation in the floodplain plays an important role for maintaining the diversity of the fauna there.

美国预防临床服务指南工作组《无心血管疾病危险因素成年人预防心血管疾病的健康饮食和身体活动:行为咨询干预推荐声明》解读

2022年美国预防临床服务指南工作组(USPSTF)更新其2017年《无心血管疾病危险因素成年人预防心血管疾病的健康饮食和身体活动:行为咨询干预推荐声明》建议,对促进无心血管疾病危险因素的成年人健康行为咨询干预的益处和危害证据进行综述,得出结论与2017年指南推荐一致。行为咨询干预对无心血管疾病危险因素的成年人具有微小净获益,建议临床医生根据个体情况决定是否向无心血管疾病危险因素的成年人提供或推荐行为咨询干预,以促进合理膳食和身体活动(C级)。本文结合我国心血管疾病防治现状,对该指南进行全面解读,以期为我国成年人心血管疾病预防实践提供参考。

睡眠质量在老年COPD患者久坐行为与衰弱间的中介作用

目的探讨老年COPD患者久坐行为、睡眠质量与衰弱的关系。方法便利选取273例老年COPD患者,采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数、老年人久坐行为问卷和Tilburg衰弱量表进行调查。采用Amos软件构建结构方程模型并进行中介作用检验。结果老年COPD患者衰弱评分(6.57±0.76)分、久坐时间(8.75±0.56)h/d、睡眠质量评分(13.43±1.26)分。睡眠质量在久坐行为与衰弱间起部分中介作用,中介效应占总效应的31.19%。结论睡眠质量在老年COPD患者久坐行为与衰弱之间的中介作用成立;需要采取措施减少久坐行为,提高睡眠质量,以预防老年COPD患者衰弱的发生发展。

莫道桑榆晚:短视频观看行为如何影响老年人的心理健康

[目的/意义]探讨老年人使用社会媒体实现自身福祉最优化的基础条件并实证检验短视频观看行为对老年人心理健康的影响,为积极老龄化提供借鉴。[研究设计/方法]结合信息社会学、传播心理学以及经济学的相关理论提出分析框架,从补偿选择性优化理论视角切入提出研究假设,使用全国代表性样本检验2020年60岁及以上老年人群体短视频观看对其抑郁水平和幸福感的影响,探讨融合了老年人健康和社交需求目标补偿性选择最优化的短视频观看行为在减少物理和心理层面社会隔绝中产生的积极中介效应。[结论/发现]短视频观看行为与老年人抑郁水平/幸福感不存在显著的直接关系,但短视频观看行为可以显著影响健康行为和社会联结。两者对降低老年人抑郁程度有直接的预测作用,并在短视频观看和老年人心理健康关系中起到显著的积极中介作用。如果老人互联网使用时长超过5个小时,短视频观看与心理健康关系中健康行为中介路径将失效。[创新/价值]从补偿选择性优化理论视角分析了理性与非理性新媒体平台使用决策的影响,并检验了减少身心隔离在短视频观看与心理健康关系中的中介效应。

理解老年人的身体活动:基于时空行为视角的研究

目的:从时空行为视角对建成环境与老年人户外身体活动的时空行为特征进行研究,为促进我国老年人身体活动水平提升和应对老龄化趋势提供新思路。方法:采用全球定位系统(global position system,GPS)和三维加速度计对126名老年人时空行为数据进行同步收集,通过空间算法将环境暴露数据与身体活动数据相关联,总结其出行方式、出行时间、出行频率、出行范围等特征。结果:1)老年人户外身体活动存在“点-线”型、“候鸟”型、“条链”型、“自由”型、“邻里”型、“综合”型6种时空模式;2)老年人主要户外身体活动范围为家附近500 m左右;3)老年人近45%的热量消耗和中高强度身体活动发生在户外空间,主要户外活动兴趣点为休闲娱乐、购物和运动健身;4)老年人户外身体活动特征以出行频率高和短时耗为主,出行次数对身体活动水平有显著影响,出行次数每增加1次,平均每周户外身体活动水平增加20.5 min。结论:我国老年人户外身体活动呈现出多样化的时空行为模式,未来可以将增加出行次数作为促进老年人身体活动水平的切入点。

美丽乡村建设中乡村成年女性体育行为研究——以宣城市黄渡乡为例

乡村女性同属农民群体,其身心健康对推动美丽乡村建设意义重大。该文运用文献资料法、实地考察法等方法,以宣城市美丽乡村建设代表性试点——黄渡乡为例,对美丽乡村建设中成年女性的体育行为进行研究。了解乡村女性体育行为的特点及其发展规律,能促进乡村女性良好体育行为的形成,为乡村女性广泛、持久、有效地参加体育活动提供理论依据和实践参考,实现美丽乡村建设发展成果共享的目标。

老年人久坐行为对认知衰弱影响的Meta分析

目的通过Meta分析探究老年人久坐行为对认知衰弱的影响,为认知衰弱预防干预策略的制定提供参考。方法计算机检索Pubmed、Web of science、Embase、CNKI、万方和维普数据库,检索时限为建库至2022年10月,通过筛选文献、提取资料和评价纳入研究质量后,采用RevMan 5.3软件进行统计分析。结果纳入4项研究,样本量4225例,其中2项研究为横断面研究,2项为队列研究。Meta分析结果显示,老年人久坐行为与认知衰弱发生有关(OR=3.38,95%CI:1.36~8.41)。亚组分析结果显示,在不同国别[中国(OR=2.26,95%CI:1.62~3.17)、秘鲁(OR=509.43,95%CI:31.65~8200.42)]、研究场所[医院(OR=509.43,95%CI:31.65~8200.42)、社区(OR=2.22,95%CI:1.61~3.07)]、久坐的测量方法[老年人体力活动量表(OR=509.43,95%CI:31.65~8200.42)、久坐行为时间(OR=2.26,95%CI:1.62~3.17)]、随访时间[随访时间<1年(OR=2.22,95%CI:1.61~3.07)、随访时间≥1年(OR=509.43,95%CI:31.65~8200.42)]、研究类型[横断面研究(OR=2.26,95%CI:1.62~3.17)]亚组中,老年人久坐行为均与认知衰弱发生呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论老年人久坐行为与认知衰弱的发生有关,建议后续研究关注久坐行为与认知衰弱发生的内在机制,为认知衰弱的预防提供进一步的证据支持。

体力活动、久坐与高尿酸血症风险关联及剂量-反应关系Meta分析

目的:探讨体力活动、久坐行为与成年人高尿酸血症(Hyperuricemia,HUA)风险关联及剂量-反应关系,为高尿酸血症的预防提供循证依据。方法:检索PubMed、Cochrane Library、EMbase、Web of Science、中国知网(CNKI)、万方(Wanfang)、中国生物医学文献服务系统(SinoMed)等数据库2023年7月15日前发表的体力活动、久坐行为与高尿酸血症风险关联性的相关文献,运用Cochrane偏倚风险评估工具进行文献质量评价、Stata 15.0软件进行Meta分析和剂量-反应关系Meta分析。研究结果:共纳入13项前瞻性队列研究或病例对照研究,包含750678名受访者,平均随访年限5.9年。风险关系Meta分析结果表明:①MVPA显著降低成年人发病风险。女性、≥45岁、亚洲人群HUA发病风险可能对MVPA更敏感。②久坐行为显著增加成年人发病风险。男性、≥45岁、欧美人群HUA发病风险可能对久坐行为最敏感。剂量-反应Meta分析发现:①MVPA与HUA发病风险存在负相关非线性剂量-反应关系。MVPA与罹患HUA的风险阈值为15MET-h/w。②久坐行为与HUA存在正相关非线性剂量-反应关系。久坐时间与罹患HUA的风险阈值为25h/w。研究结论:MVPA与HUA存在负相关“对数”剂量-反应关系,久坐行为与HUA存在正相关“指数”剂量-反应关系。

社交媒体背景下老年人网络健康信息分享研究

结合技术接受模型、计划行为理论和3WSR系统方法论,文章构建理论模型并运用结构方程模型实证分析社交媒体时代老年人网络健康信息分享行为的影响因素。健康意识、社会规范、自我效能、信息感知有用性和感知易用性对社交媒体时代老年人的健康信息分享意愿有积极影响;自我效能和感知有用性对信息分享行为有正向影响;信息分享意愿对老年人信息分享行为具有正向影响;性别在自我效能对信息分享意愿的影响中具有调节作用。

社区老年人跌倒警觉度现状及影响因素分析

目的了解社区老年人跌倒警觉度现状,分析影响因素,为制定跌倒预防管理策略提供参考。方法采用便利抽样法抽取合肥市3个社区628名老年人为研究对象,采用一般资料调查表、跌倒警觉度量表、跌倒风险自评量表、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表及简易衰弱量表进行调查。结果社区老年人跌倒警觉度得分为(52.94±8.83)分。多元线性回归结果显示,受教育程度、近1年跌倒史、久坐爱好、害怕跌倒、跌倒风险、睡眠障碍、衰弱状态是社区老年人跌倒警觉度的影响因素(均P<0.05)。结论社区老年人跌倒警觉度处于较低水平,应针对影响因素制定个性化干预措施,以增强老年人跌倒警惕意识,降低跌倒发生率。

开放大学学历教育学生有效在线学习行为投入指标研究

开放大学将学习行为投入作为重要的过程性评价维度,纳入学生的学业考核评价中。但目前开放大学学习行为投入评测以简单统计分析为主,尚未进一步分析学习行为投入所映射的学生动机、学习态度、情感以及对学业成绩的促进作用,未充分发挥其对定制针对性教学策略的决策支持作用。本研究依据开放大学学历教育课程考核规则与组织方式,从参与和非参与两大维度构建学习行为投入指标。基于平台日志数据,分析各项指标与学业成绩的相关性,筛选有效指标。结果表明,学生学习行为投入具有高度的绩效导向特点,参与类以及非参与类下的社会交互这两个维度下的大部分指标与学业成绩相关性高于其他维度。同时学习行为投入指标的解释力受课程评价与组织方式的影响。

沙棘木蠹蛾成虫行为学特征及性诱效果研究

为沙棘木蠹蛾性引诱剂的开发和利用作准备 ,在内蒙古鄂尔多斯地区 ,就与沙棘木蠹蛾性引诱有关的几个生物生态学特性进行了研究 .结果表明 ,沙棘木蠹蛾 7月中旬进入羽化高峰期 ,1 5 :0 0— 1 8:0 0羽化量占日羽化总量的 90 % .雌蛾的求偶行为主要发生在 2 0 :0 0— 0 :0 0 .未观察到雌蛾多次交尾现象 ,偶尔可见雌蛾未交尾即产卵 .雌蛾寿命一般 2～ 7d ,平均 4d ;雄蛾寿命 3～ 8d ,平均 6d .处女雌蛾在林缘上风方向 30～ 1 0 0 0m都能诱到一定数量的雄蛾 .雌蛾的求偶行为表现出很强的时间节律 ,通过悬挂 7个处女雌蛾诱捕器连续观察发现 ,2 0 :0 0— 0 :0 0诱蛾量占日诱总量的 94 2 % ,1日龄处女雌蛾诱蛾量最多 ,随着处女雌蛾日龄的增加 ,诱蛾数量下降 .雌蛾腹部性腺体粗提物具有引诱雄蛾活力 ,交配雌蛾不再具有引诱雄蛾能力 .雌蛾的求偶暗期为 1～ 2h .