Wheat production is seriously influenced by extreme hot weather,which has attracted increasing attention.It is important to compare wheat responses to heat at seedling and reproductive stages,to explore the potential ...Wheat production is seriously influenced by extreme hot weather,which has attracted increasing attention.It is important to compare wheat responses to heat at seedling and reproductive stages,to explore the potential relationship between the performances at different growing stages and the possibility of early selection to accelerate heat tolerance breeding.In this study,forty wheat genotypes were screened under heat stress at both seedling and adult stages.It was found that root lengths at seedling stage were severely reduced by heat stress with significant variations among wheat genotypes.Heat-tolerant genotypes at seedling stage showed less root length decrease than susceptible ones.Wheat genotypes tolerant at seedling stage showed higher yield at adult stage after heat treatment.The performances of wheat genotypes screened under heat stress at seedling and adult stages were ranked by seedling damage index and adult damage index.A significant positive relationship was found between heat tolerance at seedling stage and at adult stage(r=0.6930),suggesting a similar tolerant/susceptible mechanism at different plant growth stages and the possibility of early selection at seedling stage for breeding heat tolerance.Extremely tolerant and susceptible genotypes with consistent performances at seedling and adult stages were genetically compared and associated SNP markers and linked candidate genes were identified.展开更多
Barley yellow dwarf virus(BYDV)can infect wheat(Triticum aestivum L.),leading to yield loss.Among four BYDV strains(GAV,GPV,PAV,and RMV)identified in China,BYDV-GAV is the prevailing isolate.YW642,a wheat–Thinopyrum ...Barley yellow dwarf virus(BYDV)can infect wheat(Triticum aestivum L.),leading to yield loss.Among four BYDV strains(GAV,GPV,PAV,and RMV)identified in China,BYDV-GAV is the prevailing isolate.YW642,a wheat–Thinopyrum intermedium translocation line,is resistant to BYDV isolates at both seedling and adult stages.Zhong 8601 is the wheat recurrent parent of YW642 and is susceptible to BYDV.In this study,we investigated the adult-stage resistance mechanism of YW642,measured BYDV titer and hydrogen peroxide(H_2O_2) in adult-stage leaves of YW642 and Zhong 8601 inoculated with BYDV-GAV,and identified transcriptional differences between YW642 and Zhong 8601 using microarray-based comparative transcriptomics.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and H_2O_2assay showed that both BYDV titer and H_2O_2 content were markedly lower in YW642 than in Zhong 8601 at 21,28,35,and 40 days post-inoculation(dpi).The transcriptomic comparison revealed that many types of genes were significantly up-regulated at 35 dpi in adult-stage leaves of YW642 compared to Zhong 8601.The important up-regulated genes associated with the adult-stage resistance encoded 15 resistance-like proteins,pathogenesis-related proteins(such as defensin and lipid transfer proteins),protein kinase homologs,transcription factors,reactive oxygen species scavenging-related proteins,and jasmonic acid and gibberellic acid biosynthesis enzymes.These results suggest that precise expression regulation of these proteins plays a crucial role in adult-stage resistance of YW642 against BYDV infection.展开更多
Species-habitat association analysis is useful to detect spatial arrangement of individual plants, to discover rules about the distribution of species and to generate hypotheses about the possible underlying process c...Species-habitat association analysis is useful to detect spatial arrangement of individual plants, to discover rules about the distribution of species and to generate hypotheses about the possible underlying process controlling observed structures. Quantifying methods were used to classify habitats in terms of topographical variables in a mixed temperate broad-leaved Korean pine forest of the Changbai mountains in northeastern China. All of the 625 20 m × 20 m quadrats of the plot could be unambiguously assigned to one of three habitat categories (low-plateau, high-plateau and slope). Torus-translation tests were used to estimate species-habitat associations. Many species are clearly distributed in a biased fashion with respect to habitats. Fifteen (55.6%) out of 27 species showed strong positive or negative association with specific habitats. We compared species-habitat associations at the sapling and adult stages. Adjusted density values indicated few species exhibit extremely strong habitat associations. Only 9 out of 26 species had adjusted densities > 3 in the habitat for which they had strong positive affinity. Few species show the same associations at the small tree and large tree stages. Only 3 out of 22 occurring associations with a specific habitat appeared to have a consistent habitat association at the two stages. These results suggest that species-habitat associations exist in the 25-ha plot of the temperate forest of the Chang- bai mountains. Owing to limitations in our statistical methodology, we partly underestimated associations by ignoring rare species. Regeneration niches can contribute to co-existence, but regeneration niches due to habitat associations play a limited role in species co-existence, since most species show a similar trend in habitat associations at the sapling and adult stages. We should pay more attention to shifts in habitat associations, i.e. niche shifts at different stages of existence.展开更多
【目的】干旱是影响糜子生长发育及产量的主要制约因素之一,筛选优异抗旱资源及鉴定指标,为抗旱品种的选育和抗旱分子机制的研究奠定基础。【方法】以200份糜子核心种质资源为研究对象,于2021—2022年在甘肃敦煌连续开展2年的田间成株...【目的】干旱是影响糜子生长发育及产量的主要制约因素之一,筛选优异抗旱资源及鉴定指标,为抗旱品种的选育和抗旱分子机制的研究奠定基础。【方法】以200份糜子核心种质资源为研究对象,于2021—2022年在甘肃敦煌连续开展2年的田间成株期抗旱性鉴定,试验设置正常灌水和干旱胁迫2个处理,测定叶面积(leafarea,LA)、主茎直径(mainstem diameter,MSD)、主茎节数(number of main stem nodes,NMSN)、主穗长(main panicle length,MPL)、穗下节间长度(pedunclelength,PL)、株高(plantheight,PH)、单株草重(strawweightperplant,SWPP)、单株穗重(panicleweight perplant,PWPP)、单株粒重(grainweightperplant,GWPP)、千粒重(thousandgrainweight,TGW)和小区产量(yield perplot,YPP)11个指标,采用综合抗旱系数(CDTC值)、抗旱指数(DRI值)和抗旱性度量值(D值)对糜子成株期抗旱性进行综合评价。【结果】在不同水分处理条件下,叶面积、主茎直径、主茎节数、主穗长、穗下节间长度、株高、单株草重、单株穗重、单株粒重、千粒重和小区产量11个指标在不同种质间均表现为显著差异。干旱胁迫处理下,糜子的生长受到抑制,11个指标测定值均较正常灌水处理明显降低,且小区产量对干旱胁迫较敏感。相关性分析发现,11个测定指标的抗旱系数间均呈现出一定的相关性,其中,单株穗重和单株粒重的相关性最强,相关系数为0.943。主成分分析将11个鉴定指标转换成6个主成分,累计方差贡献率达80.667%。基于CDTC值、DRI值和D值的糜子资源抗旱性排序基本一致。根据D值利用聚类分析将200份糜子种质资源抗旱性划分为4类,第Ⅰ类为强抗旱型有10份,第Ⅱ类为抗旱型有70份,第Ⅲ类为干旱敏感型有81份,第Ⅳ类为干旱极敏感型有39份。株高、单株粒重、单株穗重和主穗长与D值的相关性较高,相关系数分别为0.756、0.697、0.696和0.679。通过逐步回归分析构建了糜子成株期抗旱评价的回归方程:Y=-1.509+0.362X1+0.174X2+0.349X3+0.389X4+0.307X5+0.251X6+0.218X7。【结论】抗旱性度量值法适宜于糜子成株期抗旱性评价;筛选出巴林左疙塔黍(00000525)、高台乌糜子(00002677)和民乐红糜子(00002687)等10份强抗旱性材料;株高、单株穗重和主穗长可作为糜子成株期抗旱性鉴定的主要指标。展开更多
Drought stress severely impairs common bean production.For facilitating drought-resistance breeding in common bean,molecular markers were identified in a genome-wide level marker–trait association study.A panel of 21...Drought stress severely impairs common bean production.For facilitating drought-resistance breeding in common bean,molecular markers were identified in a genome-wide level marker–trait association study.A panel of 210 common bean accessions showed large variation in 11 agronomic traits at the adult stage(plant height,pod number per plant,seed number per pod,seed number per plant,seed yield per plant,pod length,harvest index,pod harvest index,days to maturity,hundred-seed weight,and seed yield)under two water conditions.The coefficient of variation ranged from 6.21% for pod harvest index to51.00% for seed number per plant under well-watered conditions,and from 4.05% for days to maturity to 40.72% for seed number per plant under drought stress.In a genome-wide association study,119quantitative-trait loci were associated with drought resistance,including 41 adjacent to known loci.Among these loci,12 were found to be associated with at least two traits.Three major loci were identified at Pv01 and Pv02.A set of candidate genes were found that encode MYBs,AREBs,WKRYs,and protein kinases.These results reveal promising alleles that control drought resistance,shedding light on the genetic basis of drought resistance and accelerating future efforts for drought resistance improvement in common bean.展开更多
基金funded by the Global Innovation Linkages Project(GIL53853)from the Australian Department of Industry,Science,Energy and Resources.
文摘Wheat production is seriously influenced by extreme hot weather,which has attracted increasing attention.It is important to compare wheat responses to heat at seedling and reproductive stages,to explore the potential relationship between the performances at different growing stages and the possibility of early selection to accelerate heat tolerance breeding.In this study,forty wheat genotypes were screened under heat stress at both seedling and adult stages.It was found that root lengths at seedling stage were severely reduced by heat stress with significant variations among wheat genotypes.Heat-tolerant genotypes at seedling stage showed less root length decrease than susceptible ones.Wheat genotypes tolerant at seedling stage showed higher yield at adult stage after heat treatment.The performances of wheat genotypes screened under heat stress at seedling and adult stages were ranked by seedling damage index and adult damage index.A significant positive relationship was found between heat tolerance at seedling stage and at adult stage(r=0.6930),suggesting a similar tolerant/susceptible mechanism at different plant growth stages and the possibility of early selection at seedling stage for breeding heat tolerance.Extremely tolerant and susceptible genotypes with consistent performances at seedling and adult stages were genetically compared and associated SNP markers and linked candidate genes were identified.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0101802)
文摘Barley yellow dwarf virus(BYDV)can infect wheat(Triticum aestivum L.),leading to yield loss.Among four BYDV strains(GAV,GPV,PAV,and RMV)identified in China,BYDV-GAV is the prevailing isolate.YW642,a wheat–Thinopyrum intermedium translocation line,is resistant to BYDV isolates at both seedling and adult stages.Zhong 8601 is the wheat recurrent parent of YW642 and is susceptible to BYDV.In this study,we investigated the adult-stage resistance mechanism of YW642,measured BYDV titer and hydrogen peroxide(H_2O_2) in adult-stage leaves of YW642 and Zhong 8601 inoculated with BYDV-GAV,and identified transcriptional differences between YW642 and Zhong 8601 using microarray-based comparative transcriptomics.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and H_2O_2assay showed that both BYDV titer and H_2O_2 content were markedly lower in YW642 than in Zhong 8601 at 21,28,35,and 40 days post-inoculation(dpi).The transcriptomic comparison revealed that many types of genes were significantly up-regulated at 35 dpi in adult-stage leaves of YW642 compared to Zhong 8601.The important up-regulated genes associated with the adult-stage resistance encoded 15 resistance-like proteins,pathogenesis-related proteins(such as defensin and lipid transfer proteins),protein kinase homologs,transcription factors,reactive oxygen species scavenging-related proteins,and jasmonic acid and gibberellic acid biosynthesis enzymes.These results suggest that precise expression regulation of these proteins plays a crucial role in adult-stage resistance of YW642 against BYDV infection.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 30570306, 30870400 and 40971286)the Public Benefit Research Foun- dation of State Forestry Administration, China (No. 201104040)
文摘Species-habitat association analysis is useful to detect spatial arrangement of individual plants, to discover rules about the distribution of species and to generate hypotheses about the possible underlying process controlling observed structures. Quantifying methods were used to classify habitats in terms of topographical variables in a mixed temperate broad-leaved Korean pine forest of the Changbai mountains in northeastern China. All of the 625 20 m × 20 m quadrats of the plot could be unambiguously assigned to one of three habitat categories (low-plateau, high-plateau and slope). Torus-translation tests were used to estimate species-habitat associations. Many species are clearly distributed in a biased fashion with respect to habitats. Fifteen (55.6%) out of 27 species showed strong positive or negative association with specific habitats. We compared species-habitat associations at the sapling and adult stages. Adjusted density values indicated few species exhibit extremely strong habitat associations. Only 9 out of 26 species had adjusted densities > 3 in the habitat for which they had strong positive affinity. Few species show the same associations at the small tree and large tree stages. Only 3 out of 22 occurring associations with a specific habitat appeared to have a consistent habitat association at the two stages. These results suggest that species-habitat associations exist in the 25-ha plot of the temperate forest of the Chang- bai mountains. Owing to limitations in our statistical methodology, we partly underestimated associations by ignoring rare species. Regeneration niches can contribute to co-existence, but regeneration niches due to habitat associations play a limited role in species co-existence, since most species show a similar trend in habitat associations at the sapling and adult stages. We should pay more attention to shifts in habitat associations, i.e. niche shifts at different stages of existence.
文摘【目的】干旱是影响糜子生长发育及产量的主要制约因素之一,筛选优异抗旱资源及鉴定指标,为抗旱品种的选育和抗旱分子机制的研究奠定基础。【方法】以200份糜子核心种质资源为研究对象,于2021—2022年在甘肃敦煌连续开展2年的田间成株期抗旱性鉴定,试验设置正常灌水和干旱胁迫2个处理,测定叶面积(leafarea,LA)、主茎直径(mainstem diameter,MSD)、主茎节数(number of main stem nodes,NMSN)、主穗长(main panicle length,MPL)、穗下节间长度(pedunclelength,PL)、株高(plantheight,PH)、单株草重(strawweightperplant,SWPP)、单株穗重(panicleweight perplant,PWPP)、单株粒重(grainweightperplant,GWPP)、千粒重(thousandgrainweight,TGW)和小区产量(yield perplot,YPP)11个指标,采用综合抗旱系数(CDTC值)、抗旱指数(DRI值)和抗旱性度量值(D值)对糜子成株期抗旱性进行综合评价。【结果】在不同水分处理条件下,叶面积、主茎直径、主茎节数、主穗长、穗下节间长度、株高、单株草重、单株穗重、单株粒重、千粒重和小区产量11个指标在不同种质间均表现为显著差异。干旱胁迫处理下,糜子的生长受到抑制,11个指标测定值均较正常灌水处理明显降低,且小区产量对干旱胁迫较敏感。相关性分析发现,11个测定指标的抗旱系数间均呈现出一定的相关性,其中,单株穗重和单株粒重的相关性最强,相关系数为0.943。主成分分析将11个鉴定指标转换成6个主成分,累计方差贡献率达80.667%。基于CDTC值、DRI值和D值的糜子资源抗旱性排序基本一致。根据D值利用聚类分析将200份糜子种质资源抗旱性划分为4类,第Ⅰ类为强抗旱型有10份,第Ⅱ类为抗旱型有70份,第Ⅲ类为干旱敏感型有81份,第Ⅳ类为干旱极敏感型有39份。株高、单株粒重、单株穗重和主穗长与D值的相关性较高,相关系数分别为0.756、0.697、0.696和0.679。通过逐步回归分析构建了糜子成株期抗旱评价的回归方程:Y=-1.509+0.362X1+0.174X2+0.349X3+0.389X4+0.307X5+0.251X6+0.218X7。【结论】抗旱性度量值法适宜于糜子成株期抗旱性评价;筛选出巴林左疙塔黍(00000525)、高台乌糜子(00002677)和民乐红糜子(00002687)等10份强抗旱性材料;株高、单株穗重和主穗长可作为糜子成株期抗旱性鉴定的主要指标。
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2019YFD1001300,2019YFD1001305)the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA-Food Legumes (CARS-08)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of CAAS。
文摘Drought stress severely impairs common bean production.For facilitating drought-resistance breeding in common bean,molecular markers were identified in a genome-wide level marker–trait association study.A panel of 210 common bean accessions showed large variation in 11 agronomic traits at the adult stage(plant height,pod number per plant,seed number per pod,seed number per plant,seed yield per plant,pod length,harvest index,pod harvest index,days to maturity,hundred-seed weight,and seed yield)under two water conditions.The coefficient of variation ranged from 6.21% for pod harvest index to51.00% for seed number per plant under well-watered conditions,and from 4.05% for days to maturity to 40.72% for seed number per plant under drought stress.In a genome-wide association study,119quantitative-trait loci were associated with drought resistance,including 41 adjacent to known loci.Among these loci,12 were found to be associated with at least two traits.Three major loci were identified at Pv01 and Pv02.A set of candidate genes were found that encode MYBs,AREBs,WKRYs,and protein kinases.These results reveal promising alleles that control drought resistance,shedding light on the genetic basis of drought resistance and accelerating future efforts for drought resistance improvement in common bean.