Microstructures and mechanical properties of C-Mn-Cr-Nb and C-Mn-Si-Nb ultra-high strength dual-phase steels

The microstructures and mechanical properties of C-Mn-Cr-Nb and C-Mn-Si-Nb ultra-high strength dual-phase steels were studied by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, and tensile test. The results show that Si can promote the transformation of austenite （γ） to ferrite （α）, enlarge the （α＋γ） region, and increase the aging stability of martensite by inhibiting carbide precipitation. Adding Cr leads to the formation of retained austenite and martensite/austenite （M/A） constituents, as well as the decomposi- tion of martensite during the overaging stage. Both of the steels show higher initial strain-hardening rates and two-stage strain-hardening characteristics. The C-Mn-Si-Nb steel shows the higher strain-hardening rate than the C-Mn-Cr-Nb steel in the first stage; however, there is no significant difference in the second stage. Although the tensile strength and elongation of the two steels both exceed 1000 MPa and 15%, respectively, the comprehensive mechanical properties of the C-Mn-Si-Nb steel are superior.

Effect of laser heating on the microstructure and hardness of TRIP590advanced high strength steel used for roll forming

TRIP590 advanced high strength steel sheets were heated by laser with different powers.Changes of the microstructure and the hardness of TRIP590 steel under laser heating with different powers were investigated by metallographic microscope,scanning electron microscope,and hardness tester.The purpose was to study the effect of laser power on microstructure and hardness of TRIP590 steel.It is shown that the power of laser plays an important role on the microstructure and hardness of heated steel sheets.The results are helpful to determine suitable power for the laser auxiliary forming of Trip590 steel in order to obtain uniform microstructure and high hardness.

Interaction of Hydrogen and Retained Austenite in Bainite/Martensite Dual-Phase High Strength Steel

The hydrogen trapping phenomena in two bainite/martensite dual-phase high strength steels(U20Si and U20DSi)were investigated by electrochemical permeation technique.The hydrogen diffusivity was calculated from data of permeation delay time,and the diffusion coefficient in U20 Si is far less than that in U20 DSi.Moreover,the hydrogen diffusivity decreases as the volume percent of retained austenite increases.The experiment results show that there are different hydrogen trappings and different volume percents of retained austenite in U20 Si and U20 DSi.The retained austenite is precipitated as films.The trap binding energy for the retained austenite and hydrogen is calculated to be 40.4kJ·mol-1.

Yield Loci of TRIP590 Advanced High Strength Steel Based on Biaxial Loading Test

The main purpose of the paper is to obtain the experimental yield loci of TRIP590 advanced high strength steel,and to compare it with the theoretical loci in order to obtain the best yield criterion for this material.First,the biaxial loading tests under different loading paths in the method of load control are carried out.Then,the experimental yield loci of different deformation stages are obtained.Finally,the experimental yield loci are compared with the theoretical loci of Mises criterion and Hill48 criterion,the parameters of which are calculated based on the r?value and the yield stress method,respectively.The results show that the accuracy of the theoretical yield loci of Hill48 based on the yield stress is higher than that of Mises criterion and Hill 48 criterion based on r?value method.

先进高强双相钢DP780温度相关应力⁃应变关系

为了研究先进高强度双相钢DP780的温热成形力学行为,通过不同温度(300℃、400℃、500℃、600℃)及不同应变率(10-4~10-3 s-1)下的单向温拉伸试验获得了先进高强度双相钢DP780在相应条件下的基本力学性能指标和应力⁃应变曲线,并对试验结果进行了分析;为描述温热成形DP780板料应力⁃应变曲线,求解、修正了Grosman本构模型的相关参数;以单向拉伸试样为例,基于Fortran语言通过编写Abaqus⁃Vumat子程序进行了数值模拟验证。结果表明,所用Grosman模型预测值与试验数值拟合较好,验证了所求模型的有效性。

Delayed fracture of tensile strength 980 MPa grade steels for automotive applications

Three different types of tensile strength （TS） 980 MPa grade advanced high-strength steels used in automotive applications, namely, 980MS （ martensite steel ）, 980DP （ dual phase ） and 980QP （ quenching and partitioning） steels were examined. The delayed fracture resistance of the steels was evaluated using a U-bend test, slow strain rate test（SSRT） and a constant load tensile test. The results indicated that all the steels could pass the 300 h HC1 solution immersion test and none of the U-bend specimens was fractured in the test. However,the steels exhibited different susceptibilities to delayed fracture under SSRT and the constant load tensile tests. 980DP exhibited the highest resistance to delayed fracture among all the samples, while 980MS was found to be the most susceptible to delayed fracture.

Tensile and Spring-Back Behavior of DP600 Advanced High Strength Steel at Warm Temperatures

In recent years, the use of advanced high strength steels in automotive industry has been increased remarkably. Among advanced high strength steels, dual phase （DP） steels have gained a great attention owing to a combination of high strength and good formability. However, high strength usually increases the spring-back behavior of the material, which creates problems for the parts during the assembly. Thus, the uniaxial tensile deformation and spring-back behaviors of DP600 advanced high strength steel were investigated in rolling （0°）, diagonal （45°） , and transverse （90°） directions in the temperature range from room temperature （RT） to 300 ℃. All tests were performed at a deformation speed of 25 mm/min. A V-shaped die （60°） was used for the spring-back measurements. The results indicated that the formability and spring-back of the material were decreased with increasing the temperatures. The material showed complex behaviors in different directions and at different temperatures.

Strain Hardening and Strain Rate Sensitivity Behaviors of Advanced High Strength Steels

The mechanical properties of commercial dual phase （DP）, transformation induced plasticity （TRIP）, and high strength low alloy （HSLA-340） steel sheets are investigated and compared at various strain rates ranging from 0.001 7to 0.17 s-1 at ambient temperature.TRIP steel outperforms the other two materials , having comparable ductility and twice as large strength relative to DP steel.TRIP has larger strength and much larger ductility than HSLA-340.The exceuent ductility of TRIP800is due to its high strain hardening capability , which promotes stable plastic deformation.It is observed that the strain hardening rate in TRIP800does not decrease to zero at failure , as common in most materials in which failure is preceded by necking.

Shear Fracture of Advanced High Strength Steels

Failure experiments were carried out through a stretch-bending test system for advanced high strength steels, i.e. dual-phase （DP） steels and martensitic steels （MS）. The die radius in this system was designed from 1 to 15 mm to investigate the failure mode under different geometries. Two failure modes were observed during the ex- periments. As a result, critical relative radii （the ratio of inner bending radius R to sheet thickness t） for DP590 and DP780 steels were obtained. The stretch-bending tests of DP980 display some trends unlike DP590 and DP780 steels, and curve of DP980 in different thicknesses does not coincide well. High blank holder force exhibits more possibility of shear fracture tendency than low blank holder force. The unique character of high strength martensitic steel （1500MS） is that no shear fracture is found especially over small bending radius （R =2 mm） under the same experi- mental conditions. Microstructure analysis indicates that there are obviously elongated grains on shear fracture sur- face. It shows smaller diameter and shallower depth of the dimples than the necking failure.

980MPa级先进高强钢的发展

选用轻量化汽车材料时应综合考虑材料的性能、质量和成本。目前,先进高强钢被广泛用于汽车工业。先进高强钢有双相钢、相变诱导塑性钢、马氏体钢、复相钢、淬火-配分钢、DH钢等。综述了980 MPa及以上高强钢的分类和主要钢种,汽车用高强钢的化学成分、显微组织、力学性能和使用性能,并结合实际零件的制造过程对这些高强钢的焊接和成形性能作了较深入的探讨,简述了其发展现状和研究进展。

Effect of Microstructure on Corrosion Fatigue Behavior of 1500 MPa Level Carbide-Free Bainite/Martensite Dual-Phase High Strength Steel

Influence of microstructure of the experimental steels on the corrosion fatigue behavior in 3.5% of NaCl aqueous solution was studied.Experimental results show that compared with the full martensite（FM）steel,the carbide-free bainite/martensite（CFB/M）steel has higher corrosion fatigue strength and corrosion fatigue crack threshold（ΔKthcf）,and lower corrosion crack propagation rate [（da/dN）cf].

汽车用先进高强钢本构模型与韧性断裂模型研究进展

轻量化是当前汽车行业全产业链共同面对的课题,提高先进高强钢使用比例是实现汽车轻量化的有效手段。对先进高强钢本构模型与韧性断裂模型的充分研究有助于提高先进高强钢开裂分析和预测的准确性,从而推动先进高强钢工程的应用进程。目前,在先进高强钢的研究过程中,学者们通常通过多种应变强化模型的线性组合,或结合微观结构与宏观力学行为进行多尺度分析来建立本构模型;通过多种应力状态下的准静态拉伸实验以及使用仿真与实验混合的方法来标定韧性断裂模型的参数。以第三代先进高强钢中的淬火配分(QP)钢为重点讨论对象,介绍了制备工艺与材料特性及其相关研究进展,并介绍了QP钢本构模型的研究现状、新近发展的非耦合韧性断裂模型以及考虑了应力三轴度和罗德角参数影响的韧性断裂模型在先进高强钢上的应用现状,最后指出了先进高强钢本构模型和韧性断裂模型未来的研究方向。

与应变速率相关的DP980高强度钢板辊弯成形的本构模型建立

确定了辊弯成形中DP980高强度钢板的应变速率范围,在3种应变速率条件下进行了DP980高强度钢板的单向拉伸试验,并对试验数据进行非线性拟合,建立了与应变速率相关的Johnson-Cook本构模型;应用所建本构模型进行辊弯成形有限元模拟,并与相应的辊弯成形试验结果加以对比.结果表明,所建立的本构模型具有较高的精度,可用于辊弯成形工艺的进一步优化.

烘烤对980MPa先进高强钢RSW接头性能的影响

以DP980-DP980,DP980-QP980和QP980-QP980焊接组合在5√t熔核直径条件下的电阻点焊接头为研究对象,通过170℃保温20 min的烘烤处理,对接头进行拉剪试验、十字拉伸试验、扫描电镜观察及显微硬度测试等,分析了烘烤对980 MPa先进高强钢RSW接头性能的影响。结果表明,烘烤使各组合的抗拉剪峰值载荷进一步提升,接头吸收能量提升均超过10%;在十字拉伸方面,3种组合接头在烘烤后具有相近的能量吸收,对于DP980-QP980和QP980-QP980接头,烘烤后十字拉伸强度分别提升了56%和63%,吸收能量分别提升了27%和67%;3种组合的拉剪失效模式在烘烤前后没有显著变化,而经烘烤后,DP980-QP980的十字拉伸失效模式呈现QP980侧的裂纹扩展路径从熔合线向母材偏移的趋势;烘烤使点焊接头的金相组织呈现一定的回火特性,熔核硬度有一定的降低,但是并不显著。

先进高强DP980钢动态再结晶行为

在Gleeble 3500多功能热模拟试验机上,对高强DP980钢进行了单道次压缩实验,研究了该钢在1323~1423 K和0.05~10 s-1变形条件下的热变形行为,分析了变形温度和变形速率对流变应力曲线的影响,揭示了变形软化机制,分析了在热变形过程中微观组织的演变规律,分阶段建立了热压缩变形抗力本构模型。结果表明:流变应力对变形温度和应变速率都很敏感,随变形温度的增加和变形速率的减小而减小,低应变速率下呈动态再结晶型软化机制;应变速率ε·>0.1 s-1时,呈动态回复型软化机制。同一变形温度下,低应变速率易于该钢中奥氏体再结晶的启动;同一变形速率下,变形温度越高,奥氏体再结晶现象越明显。分阶段所建立的本构模型预测值与实验值的相关系数达到0.9978,平均相对误差绝对值为2.67%,证明此模型具有较高精度。

合金元素及热轧工艺对高强钢组织性能的影响

采用热力学计算,分析了试验钢各主要合金含量对组织含量和力学性能的影响规律。结果表明,在一定范围内,Mn、Mo、Cr、Ni等元素可以提高试验钢的力学性能,质量分数0.3%的Cr元素,可以使其硬度可达到43.6HRC,屈服强度和抗拉强度均可显著提高。

车用先进高强钢表面分析及胶接性能研究

目的明确不同先进高强钢表面氧化物形貌、成分及含量对胶接性能的影响规律。方法本研究采用白光干涉仪、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及透射电子显微镜(TEM)观察高强钢表面形貌,通过金相显微镜及X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析其显微组织及物相,采用直读光谱仪、辉光光谱仪(GDS)以及X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)表征高强钢表面特征元素及氧化物种类。结合接触角测试对比不同高强钢表面润湿性,并分析总结高强钢表面成分对胶接性能的影响规律。结果DH780表面以膜层状Al基氧化物为主,DP980、DP1180以及CP1180表面以Si、Mn、Cr颗粒状氧化物为主。其中DH780的表面润湿性最差,自由能最小。CP1180钢表面具有最少的氧化物含量及最小的颗粒尺寸,其表面润湿性最好,表面自由能最高。DP钢随强度提高,表面氧化物含量增加,润湿性降低。对于同种焊装胶,DH780胶接剪切强度最小,CP1180剪切强度最大。结论高强钢表面氧化物富集对表面润湿性及表面自由能具有重要影响,尤其Al基氧化物的存在会明显降低胶接接头的剪切强度。一方面是氧化物导致表面自由能降低,黏附功下降,另一方面氧化物会阻止胶中极性基团与基体表面形成强化学键,而更多地形成氢键。Al基氧化物由于呈薄膜状覆盖于高强钢表面,故对胶接性能的影响最大。

不等厚高强度钢H220YD/DP590GA电阻点焊接头的组织和性能

针对不等厚H220YD/DP590GA先进高强度钢焊接时出现的薄板变形严重、力学性能差等问题,在大量前期实验的基础上,选取最优的主焊接工艺参数进行电阻点焊实验,并利用拉剪测试、金相组织分析等手段对试样进行组织和性能研究.结果表明,焊接接头受焊接热影响,使得H220YD钢铁素体晶粒尺寸变大,DP590GA钢板母材的岛状马氏体演变成板条状马氏体,其失效形式为钮扣状断裂.

汽车用钢的发展与低熵化先进高强钢设计

介绍了汽车用钢的发展历史与推动汽车用钢发展的历史性事件,展望了未来汽车用钢在“双碳”背景下的发展方向。同时,介绍了汽车用先进高强钢的发展与分类,阐述汽车钢从软钢、低碳钢、高强钢到先进高强钢的发展过程,详细阐述第一代到第三代先进高强钢迭代升级过程中成本、合金、组态与性能等方面的设计思路。最后,提出创新性的低熵化设计理念,并介绍所设计的覆盖四类双相钢产品的低熵化产品,包含成分与工艺的设计思路。提出“组态异构”的低熵化设计,以用户切实的应用需求为导向,深入分析产品性能特征,结合钢铁材料的物理冶金机理与生产制造阶段装备及工艺特征,从设计端对产品进行减量化、单一化、归一化的梯度低熵化设计,实现产品低成本高性能生产制造思路。

先进高强度双相钢弯扭复合回弹补偿控制研究

针对先进高强度双相钢弯扭复合回弹的预测与补偿问题,在弯扭复合回弹试验的基础上建立了有限元模型并进行了仿真模拟。首先,利用DP600材料在弯扭复合回弹试验中回弹量较大的特点,进行了单向拉伸试验和加载-卸载-反向加载的拉压试验以测定DP600的力学特性。其次,分别采用Ls-dyna提供的4种弹塑性材料模型建立了单向拉伸和拉压试验有限元模型,通过Ls-opt迭代求解筛选出合适的材料模型及参数,结果表明,采用MAT125材料模型预测的数值更接近弯扭复合回弹试验数据。最后,通过反向截面补偿法推导出底部支撑距离移动公式,通过反向位移补偿法和偏置曲面得到模具面,对弯扭复合回弹结果分别进行补偿。发现利用反向位移补偿法,并通过偏置曲面的方式,能够对在上压杆偏转角度增加时诱发的弯扭复合回弹进行有效补偿控制。