The Earth was born as a dry planet without atmosphere and ocean components at 4.56 Ga,with subsequent secondary accretion of bio-elements,such as carbon（C）,hydrogen（H）,oxygen（O）,and nitrogen（N） which peaked at...The Earth was born as a dry planet without atmosphere and ocean components at 4.56 Ga,with subsequent secondary accretion of bio-elements,such as carbon（C）,hydrogen（H）,oxygen（O）,and nitrogen（N） which peaked at 4.37-4.20 Ga.This two-step formation model of the Earth we refer to as the advent of bio-elements model（ABEL Model） and the event of the advent of bio-elements（water component） as ABEL Bombardment.It is clear that the solid Earth originated from enstatite chondrite-like dry material based on the similarity in oxygen isotopic composition and among other isotopes.On the other hand,Earth＇s water derives primarily from carbonaceous chondrite material based on the hydrogen isotopic ratio.We present our ABEL model to explain this enigma between solid Earth and water,as well as secondary accretion of oxidizing bio-elements,which became a precursor to initiate metabolism to emerge life on a highly reductive planet.If ABEL Bombardment had not occurred,life never would have emerged on the Earth.Therefore,ABEL Bombardment is one of the most important events for this planet to evolve into a habitable planet.The chronology of ABEL Bombardment is informed through previous researches of the late heavy bombardment and the late veneer model.ABEL Bombardment is considered to have occurred during 4.37-4.20 Ga,which is the concept to redefine the standard late heavy bombardment and the late veneer models.Also,ABEL Bombardment is the trigger of the transition from stagnant lid tectonics to plate tectonics on this planet because of the injection of volatiles into the initial dry Earth.展开更多
以Alice’s Adventure Wonderland一书闻名于世的牛津大学数学讲师Lewis Carroll于1871年写成另一篇脍炙人口的童话小说Alice Through the Looking-glass.小说中有一首独出心裁、别有情趣的诗歌Jabberwocky.该诗的第一节是这样的:Twas b...以Alice’s Adventure Wonderland一书闻名于世的牛津大学数学讲师Lewis Carroll于1871年写成另一篇脍炙人口的童话小说Alice Through the Looking-glass.小说中有一首独出心裁、别有情趣的诗歌Jabberwocky.该诗的第一节是这样的:Twas brilling,and the slithy tovesDid gyre and gimble in the wabe;All mimsy were the borogroves,And mome raths outgrabe.展开更多
The study of the small bowel(SB) has always beenchallenging both for clinicians and radiologist. It is a long and tortuous tube that can be affected by various pathologies whose signs and symptoms are usually non spec...The study of the small bowel(SB) has always beenchallenging both for clinicians and radiologist. It is a long and tortuous tube that can be affected by various pathologies whose signs and symptoms are usually non specific and can mimic other acute abdominal disorders. For these reasons, imaging plays a central role in the diagnosis of the different pathological conditions that can occur. They are important also in the management and follow up of chronic diseases. We expose and evaluate all the radiological methods that are now available for the study of the SB with particular emphasis on the technological improvement of cross-sectional imaging, such as computed tomography(CT) and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI). These techniques have, infact, highly improved in terms of execution times(fast acquisitions images), patients discomfort and radiation dose, for CT, with consequent reduced biological risks. Moreover, the new post-processing options with multiplanar reconstruction and isotropic images have made significant changes in the evaluation of the exams. Especially MRI scans have been improved by the advent of new sequences, such as diffusion weighted imaging and cine-MRI, parallel imaging and breath-hold sequences and can provide excellent soft-tissue contrast without the use of ionizing radiations.展开更多
Adventive regenerants of Populus × berolinensis Dipp. were obtained on 1/2 MS salts with sucrose, vitamins, BA, TDZ and NAA using stem, petiole and leaf explants. They differed from each other in plantlet dimensi...Adventive regenerants of Populus × berolinensis Dipp. were obtained on 1/2 MS salts with sucrose, vitamins, BA, TDZ and NAA using stem, petiole and leaf explants. They differed from each other in plantlet dimensions. More than 50 clones were produced from initial regenerants by excision and rooting of apexes and lateral shoots. Differences in stem length and thickness were observed between 200 field plants produced from in vitro plantlets. Differences in stem length were conditioned mainly due to different number of internodes and not by internodes’ lengths. Plants grown from cuttings excised from highest and smallest plants retained the abilities of mother plants to grow with different rates. It is concluded that somaclonal variability can be used for selection of fast growing poplar plants which are necessary for industrial plantations. These plants can be used for this purpose without the limitations existing for transgenic plants.展开更多
With the advent of globalization era, diflerent countries, nations and cultures all face some escalated common problems. By using interactive experience, China Pavilion hopes to highlight the humane spirit of commonal...With the advent of globalization era, diflerent countries, nations and cultures all face some escalated common problems. By using interactive experience, China Pavilion hopes to highlight the humane spirit of commonality and artistic ontology and tries to integrate results of diflerent fields into works and exhibitions and achieve perfect harmony between the east and west, traditional era and contemporary era and between virtual and reality, so as to build up a perceptive field for visitors and better reflect on themselves, the world and this"interesting times"?展开更多
Dear Editor,Technology enhanced learning has made many advances in the field of medical education over the past twenty years.There has been the advent of e-learning,simulation,and multimedia resources to name but a fe...Dear Editor,Technology enhanced learning has made many advances in the field of medical education over the past twenty years.There has been the advent of e-learning,simulation,and multimedia resources to name but a few＂.Many of the advances made in technology enhanced learning,however,have followed traditional technologies in media and education.Thus,展开更多
Endoscopic techniques in gastroenterology have been developing rapidly over the past two decades.Advances in minimally invasive endoscopic techniques allow for the detection and treatment of more gastrointestinal（GI...Endoscopic techniques in gastroenterology have been developing rapidly over the past two decades.Advances in minimally invasive endoscopic techniques allow for the detection and treatment of more gastrointestinal（GI）diseases than ever.In a manner of speaking,the advent of miniature ultrasound device coupled with endoscopy展开更多
Today’s American hospitals are still being plagued by theheavy workload of paperwork—the records of patients,whichhas wasted a lot of doctors’ and nurses’ time and much mon-ey.Now computers can solve the problem.I...Today’s American hospitals are still being plagued by theheavy workload of paperwork—the records of patients,whichhas wasted a lot of doctors’ and nurses’ time and much mon-ey.Now computers can solve the problem.Information technologies will revolutionize hospitals.展开更多
Most studies of Christianity in the early PRC have focused on the politicization of religious practices under the Three-Self Patriotic Movement, explaining how the Christian faith empowered people to resist the state...Most studies of Christianity in the early PRC have focused on the politicization of religious practices under the Three-Self Patriotic Movement, explaining how the Christian faith empowered people to resist the state＇s atheistic propaganda. In fact, both Communist officials and Christians invoked ideas about transcendent power and moral purpose, blurring the boundary between secular and religious concerns. The state-sanctioned patriotic religions had greatly impacted the political and theological orientations of Chinese Christians in the Maoist era. This article looks at the Seventh-day Adventist Church in Shanghai, one of the first Protestant denominations to be denounced in the Three-Self Patriotic Movement. When the state infiltrated the Adventist institutions, some of the pro-government Adventist leaders worked with the officials to bring the church closer to the socialist order. Most of the Adventists, however, resisted the state and organized themselves into a diffused network of house churches. This study highlights the fluid and complex political environment that the Adventists experienced, and the ways they interacted with the Maoist state. The reorientation of theological concerns, the new strategies for evangelization, and the growth of autonomous church networks enabled the Adventists to be a fast-growing religious movement.展开更多
In human and other mammalian populations there are many inheritable traits that do not appear to have gross phenotypic effects. These normal variations occur more frequently than that as expected from recurrent mutati...In human and other mammalian populations there are many inheritable traits that do not appear to have gross phenotypic effects. These normal variations occur more frequently than that as expected from recurrent mutation rates alone. With the展开更多
基金supported by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas(Grant Nos.26106002 and 26106006)
文摘The Earth was born as a dry planet without atmosphere and ocean components at 4.56 Ga,with subsequent secondary accretion of bio-elements,such as carbon（C）,hydrogen（H）,oxygen（O）,and nitrogen（N） which peaked at 4.37-4.20 Ga.This two-step formation model of the Earth we refer to as the advent of bio-elements model（ABEL Model） and the event of the advent of bio-elements（water component） as ABEL Bombardment.It is clear that the solid Earth originated from enstatite chondrite-like dry material based on the similarity in oxygen isotopic composition and among other isotopes.On the other hand,Earth＇s water derives primarily from carbonaceous chondrite material based on the hydrogen isotopic ratio.We present our ABEL model to explain this enigma between solid Earth and water,as well as secondary accretion of oxidizing bio-elements,which became a precursor to initiate metabolism to emerge life on a highly reductive planet.If ABEL Bombardment had not occurred,life never would have emerged on the Earth.Therefore,ABEL Bombardment is one of the most important events for this planet to evolve into a habitable planet.The chronology of ABEL Bombardment is informed through previous researches of the late heavy bombardment and the late veneer model.ABEL Bombardment is considered to have occurred during 4.37-4.20 Ga,which is the concept to redefine the standard late heavy bombardment and the late veneer models.Also,ABEL Bombardment is the trigger of the transition from stagnant lid tectonics to plate tectonics on this planet because of the injection of volatiles into the initial dry Earth.
文摘以Alice’s Adventure Wonderland一书闻名于世的牛津大学数学讲师Lewis Carroll于1871年写成另一篇脍炙人口的童话小说Alice Through the Looking-glass.小说中有一首独出心裁、别有情趣的诗歌Jabberwocky.该诗的第一节是这样的:Twas brilling,and the slithy tovesDid gyre and gimble in the wabe;All mimsy were the borogroves,And mome raths outgrabe.
文摘The study of the small bowel(SB) has always beenchallenging both for clinicians and radiologist. It is a long and tortuous tube that can be affected by various pathologies whose signs and symptoms are usually non specific and can mimic other acute abdominal disorders. For these reasons, imaging plays a central role in the diagnosis of the different pathological conditions that can occur. They are important also in the management and follow up of chronic diseases. We expose and evaluate all the radiological methods that are now available for the study of the SB with particular emphasis on the technological improvement of cross-sectional imaging, such as computed tomography(CT) and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI). These techniques have, infact, highly improved in terms of execution times(fast acquisitions images), patients discomfort and radiation dose, for CT, with consequent reduced biological risks. Moreover, the new post-processing options with multiplanar reconstruction and isotropic images have made significant changes in the evaluation of the exams. Especially MRI scans have been improved by the advent of new sequences, such as diffusion weighted imaging and cine-MRI, parallel imaging and breath-hold sequences and can provide excellent soft-tissue contrast without the use of ionizing radiations.
文摘Adventive regenerants of Populus × berolinensis Dipp. were obtained on 1/2 MS salts with sucrose, vitamins, BA, TDZ and NAA using stem, petiole and leaf explants. They differed from each other in plantlet dimensions. More than 50 clones were produced from initial regenerants by excision and rooting of apexes and lateral shoots. Differences in stem length and thickness were observed between 200 field plants produced from in vitro plantlets. Differences in stem length were conditioned mainly due to different number of internodes and not by internodes’ lengths. Plants grown from cuttings excised from highest and smallest plants retained the abilities of mother plants to grow with different rates. It is concluded that somaclonal variability can be used for selection of fast growing poplar plants which are necessary for industrial plantations. These plants can be used for this purpose without the limitations existing for transgenic plants.
文摘With the advent of globalization era, diflerent countries, nations and cultures all face some escalated common problems. By using interactive experience, China Pavilion hopes to highlight the humane spirit of commonality and artistic ontology and tries to integrate results of diflerent fields into works and exhibitions and achieve perfect harmony between the east and west, traditional era and contemporary era and between virtual and reality, so as to build up a perceptive field for visitors and better reflect on themselves, the world and this"interesting times"?
文摘Dear Editor,Technology enhanced learning has made many advances in the field of medical education over the past twenty years.There has been the advent of e-learning,simulation,and multimedia resources to name but a few＂.Many of the advances made in technology enhanced learning,however,have followed traditional technologies in media and education.Thus,
文摘Endoscopic techniques in gastroenterology have been developing rapidly over the past two decades.Advances in minimally invasive endoscopic techniques allow for the detection and treatment of more gastrointestinal（GI）diseases than ever.In a manner of speaking,the advent of miniature ultrasound device coupled with endoscopy
文摘Today’s American hospitals are still being plagued by theheavy workload of paperwork—the records of patients,whichhas wasted a lot of doctors’ and nurses’ time and much mon-ey.Now computers can solve the problem.Information technologies will revolutionize hospitals.
文摘Most studies of Christianity in the early PRC have focused on the politicization of religious practices under the Three-Self Patriotic Movement, explaining how the Christian faith empowered people to resist the state＇s atheistic propaganda. In fact, both Communist officials and Christians invoked ideas about transcendent power and moral purpose, blurring the boundary between secular and religious concerns. The state-sanctioned patriotic religions had greatly impacted the political and theological orientations of Chinese Christians in the Maoist era. This article looks at the Seventh-day Adventist Church in Shanghai, one of the first Protestant denominations to be denounced in the Three-Self Patriotic Movement. When the state infiltrated the Adventist institutions, some of the pro-government Adventist leaders worked with the officials to bring the church closer to the socialist order. Most of the Adventists, however, resisted the state and organized themselves into a diffused network of house churches. This study highlights the fluid and complex political environment that the Adventists experienced, and the ways they interacted with the Maoist state. The reorientation of theological concerns, the new strategies for evangelization, and the growth of autonomous church networks enabled the Adventists to be a fast-growing religious movement.
文摘In human and other mammalian populations there are many inheritable traits that do not appear to have gross phenotypic effects. These normal variations occur more frequently than that as expected from recurrent mutation rates alone. With the
