A set of representative 146 adzuki (Vigna angular is var. angularis, and var. nipponensis) germplasm from 6 Asian countries traditionally for adzuki bean production, together with an out group standard rice bean (Vign...A set of representative 146 adzuki (Vigna angular is var. angularis, and var. nipponensis) germplasm from 6 Asian countries traditionally for adzuki bean production, together with an out group standard rice bean (Vigna umbellata), were analyzed by AFLP methodology using 12 informative primer pairs. 313 unambiguous polymorphic bands were created. According to the dendrogram by cluster analysis based on AFLP banding, 143 of the accessions were distinct and revealed enough genetic diversity for identification and classification of accessions within Vigna angularis. A neighbor joining tree was generated using newly developed Innan's nucleotide diversity estimate from the AFLP data. From analysis, 7 distinct evolutionary groups, named as "Chinese cultivated", "Japanese cultivated", "Japanese complex-Korean cultivated", "Chinese wild", "China Taiwan wild", "Nepal-Bhutan cultivated" and "Hymalayan wild", were detected. Nucleotide diversity with geographical distribution of each group is discussed, regarding the evolutionary relationships between wild and cultivated adzuki beans. The preliminary results indicated that cultivated adzuki bean should be domesticated from at least 4 progenitors in at least 3 geographical origins.展开更多
This study describes variation of intron-3 of α-amylase gene from 156 breeds of adzuki beans using SSCP(single-strand conformation polymorphism)analysis. Based on α-amylase gene structure and sequence, A pair of P...This study describes variation of intron-3 of α-amylase gene from 156 breeds of adzuki beans using SSCP(single-strand conformation polymorphism)analysis. Based on α-amylase gene structure and sequence, A pair of PCR primers, F (CCTACATTCTAACACACCCT) and R (GCATATTGTGCCAGTACAAT) were designed to amplify intron-3 fragments of α-amylase gene. 14 variant types were detected, including 13, 9, 10, 4 variant types in the wild, weed, locally cultivated and modern brought-up adzuki beans respectively, 9, 8, 7 variant types of the wild adzuki beans from Japan, China and Korea respectively, and some other variant types in the local adzuki beans from China and Bhutan. 60% of subjects of cultivated races were found to be EE type in the experiment. In addition, sequence analysis of intron-3 of α-amylase gene from 8 variant types reveals the evolution process of various variant types in adzuki beans.展开更多
Three field experiments were carried out during 2017-2019 at the University of Guelph Huron Research Station near Exeter, Ontario, Canada to determine the effect of halosulfuron rate (25, 37.5 or 50 g<span style=&q...Three field experiments were carried out during 2017-2019 at the University of Guelph Huron Research Station near Exeter, Ontario, Canada to determine the effect of halosulfuron rate (25, 37.5 or 50 g<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">∙</span></span>ai<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">∙</span></span>ha<sup>-1</sup>) and application timing (POST 1, POST 2 and POST 3) on volunteer azuki bean control in white bean. At POST 1, halosulfuron at 25, 37.5 and 50 g<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">∙</span></span>ai<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">∙</span></span>ha<sup>-1</sup> controlled volunteer azuki bean 46% - 50% at 1 week after application (WAA), controlled decreased to 16% - 25% at 8 WAA. At POST 2, volunteer azuki bean controlled decreased from 34% - 39% at 1 WAA to 17% - 27% at 8 WAA. A similar trend was observed at POST 3. Halosulfuron applied POST 1 at 25, 37.5 and 50 g<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">∙</span></span>ai<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">∙</span></span>ha<sup>-1</sup> reduced biomass 49%, 64% and 69%, respectively. Halosulfuron applied POST 2 did not reduce volunteer azuki bean biomass at 25 g<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">∙</span></span>ai<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">∙</span></span>ha<sup>-1</sup>, but decreased biomass 51% at 37.5 g<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">∙</span></span>ai<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">∙</span></span>ha<sup>-1</sup> and 49% at 50 g<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">∙</span></span>ai<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">∙</span></span>ha<sup>-1</sup>. Similarly, halosulfuron applied POST 3 did not reduce volunteer azuki bean biomass at 25 g<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">∙</span></span>ai<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">∙</span></span>ha<sup>-1</sup>, but decreased biomass 40% at 37.5 g<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">∙</span></span>ai<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">∙</span></span>ha<sup>-1</sup> and 44% at 50 g<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">∙</span></span>ai<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">∙</span></span>ha<sup>-1</sup>. There was as much as 19%, 22% and 25% dockage with halosulfuron applied POST 1, POST 2 and POST 3, respectively. Volunteer azuki bean interference reduced white bean yield 40%. Reduced volunteer azuki bean interference with halosulfuron applied POST 1 at 37.5 or 50 g<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">∙</span></span>ai<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">∙</span></span>ha<sup>-1</sup> resulted in an increase in white bean yield relative to the weedy control;however white yield was less than the weed-free control. This study concludes that halosulfuron at rates and application timings evaluated does not provide adequate control of volunteer azuki bean in white bean.展开更多
文摘A set of representative 146 adzuki (Vigna angular is var. angularis, and var. nipponensis) germplasm from 6 Asian countries traditionally for adzuki bean production, together with an out group standard rice bean (Vigna umbellata), were analyzed by AFLP methodology using 12 informative primer pairs. 313 unambiguous polymorphic bands were created. According to the dendrogram by cluster analysis based on AFLP banding, 143 of the accessions were distinct and revealed enough genetic diversity for identification and classification of accessions within Vigna angularis. A neighbor joining tree was generated using newly developed Innan's nucleotide diversity estimate from the AFLP data. From analysis, 7 distinct evolutionary groups, named as "Chinese cultivated", "Japanese cultivated", "Japanese complex-Korean cultivated", "Chinese wild", "China Taiwan wild", "Nepal-Bhutan cultivated" and "Hymalayan wild", were detected. Nucleotide diversity with geographical distribution of each group is discussed, regarding the evolutionary relationships between wild and cultivated adzuki beans. The preliminary results indicated that cultivated adzuki bean should be domesticated from at least 4 progenitors in at least 3 geographical origins.
文摘This study describes variation of intron-3 of α-amylase gene from 156 breeds of adzuki beans using SSCP(single-strand conformation polymorphism)analysis. Based on α-amylase gene structure and sequence, A pair of PCR primers, F (CCTACATTCTAACACACCCT) and R (GCATATTGTGCCAGTACAAT) were designed to amplify intron-3 fragments of α-amylase gene. 14 variant types were detected, including 13, 9, 10, 4 variant types in the wild, weed, locally cultivated and modern brought-up adzuki beans respectively, 9, 8, 7 variant types of the wild adzuki beans from Japan, China and Korea respectively, and some other variant types in the local adzuki beans from China and Bhutan. 60% of subjects of cultivated races were found to be EE type in the experiment. In addition, sequence analysis of intron-3 of α-amylase gene from 8 variant types reveals the evolution process of various variant types in adzuki beans.
文摘Three field experiments were carried out during 2017-2019 at the University of Guelph Huron Research Station near Exeter, Ontario, Canada to determine the effect of halosulfuron rate (25, 37.5 or 50 g<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">∙</span></span>ai<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">∙</span></span>ha<sup>-1</sup>) and application timing (POST 1, POST 2 and POST 3) on volunteer azuki bean control in white bean. At POST 1, halosulfuron at 25, 37.5 and 50 g<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">∙</span></span>ai<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">∙</span></span>ha<sup>-1</sup> controlled volunteer azuki bean 46% - 50% at 1 week after application (WAA), controlled decreased to 16% - 25% at 8 WAA. At POST 2, volunteer azuki bean controlled decreased from 34% - 39% at 1 WAA to 17% - 27% at 8 WAA. A similar trend was observed at POST 3. Halosulfuron applied POST 1 at 25, 37.5 and 50 g<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">∙</span></span>ai<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">∙</span></span>ha<sup>-1</sup> reduced biomass 49%, 64% and 69%, respectively. Halosulfuron applied POST 2 did not reduce volunteer azuki bean biomass at 25 g<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">∙</span></span>ai<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">∙</span></span>ha<sup>-1</sup>, but decreased biomass 51% at 37.5 g<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">∙</span></span>ai<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">∙</span></span>ha<sup>-1</sup> and 49% at 50 g<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">∙</span></span>ai<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">∙</span></span>ha<sup>-1</sup>. Similarly, halosulfuron applied POST 3 did not reduce volunteer azuki bean biomass at 25 g<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">∙</span></span>ai<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">∙</span></span>ha<sup>-1</sup>, but decreased biomass 40% at 37.5 g<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">∙</span></span>ai<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">∙</span></span>ha<sup>-1</sup> and 44% at 50 g<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">∙</span></span>ai<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">∙</span></span>ha<sup>-1</sup>. There was as much as 19%, 22% and 25% dockage with halosulfuron applied POST 1, POST 2 and POST 3, respectively. Volunteer azuki bean interference reduced white bean yield 40%. Reduced volunteer azuki bean interference with halosulfuron applied POST 1 at 37.5 or 50 g<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">∙</span></span>ai<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">∙</span></span>ha<sup>-1</sup> resulted in an increase in white bean yield relative to the weedy control;however white yield was less than the weed-free control. This study concludes that halosulfuron at rates and application timings evaluated does not provide adequate control of volunteer azuki bean in white bean.