Prediction of Aerothermal Environment and Heat Transfer for Hypersonic Vehicles with Different Aerodynamic Shapes Based on C++

This research paper discusses constructing a unified framework to develop a full-rate scheme for hypersonic heating calculations. The method uses a flow tracing technique with normal phase vector adjustment in a non-structured delineated grid combined with empirical formulations for convective heat transfer standing and non-standing heat flow engineering. This is done using dev-C++ programming in the C++ language environment. Comparisons of the aerodynamic thermal environment with wind tunnel experimental data for the Space Shuttle and Apollo return capsules and standing point heat transfer measurements for the Fire II return capsule was carried out in the hypersonic Mach number range of 6 - 35 Ma. The tests were carried out on an 11th Gen Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-1135G7 processor with a valuable test time of 45 mins. The agreement is good, but due to the complexity of the space shuttle tail, the measurements are still subject to large errors compared to wind tunnel experiments. A comparison of the measured Fire-II return capsule standing-point heat values with the theory for calculating standing-point heat fluxes simulated using Fay & Riddell and wind tunnel experiments is provided to verify the validity of this procedure for hypersonic vehicle heat transfer prediction. The heat fluxes assessed using this method for different aerodynamic profiles of hypersonic vehicles agree very well with the theoretical solution.

Review of research on high-speed railway aerodynamics in China

High-speed railway aerodynamics is the key basic science for solving the bottleneck problem of high-speed railway development.This paper systematically summarizes the aerodynamic research relating to China’s high-speed railway network.Seven key research advances are comprehensively discussed,including train aerodynamic drag-reduction technology,train aerodynamic noise-reduction technology,train ventilation technology,train crossing aerodynamics,train/tunnel aerodynamics,train/climate environment aerodynamics,and train/human body aerodynamics.Seven types of railway aerodynamic test platform built by Central South University are introduced.Five major systems for a high-speed railway network—the aerodynamics theoretical system,the aerodynamic shape(train,tunnel,and so on)design system,the aerodynamics evaluation system,the 3D protection system for operational safety of the high-speed railway network,and the high-speed railway aerodynamic test/computation/analysis platform system—are also introduced.Finally,eight future development directions for the field of railway aerodynamics are proposed.For over 30 years,railway aerodynamics has been an important supporting element in the development of China’s high-speed railway network,which has also promoted the development of high-speed railway aerodynamics throughout the world.