Influence of the Blade Bifurcated Tip on the Correlation between Wind Turbine Wheel Vibration and Aerodynamic Noise

To reduce the vibration and aerodynamic noise of wind turbines,a new design is proposed relying on a blade with a bifurcated apex or tip.The performances of this wind turbine wheel are tested at the entrance of a DC(direct-action)wind tunnel for different blade tip angles and varying centrifugal force and aerodynamic loads.The test results indicate that the bifurcated apex can reduce the vibration acceleration amplitude and the vibration fre-quency of the wind wheel.At the same time,the bifurcated apex can lower the maximum sound pressure level corresponding to the rotating fundamental frequency of the wind wheel.According to all thesefindings,the tip angle of the bifurcated apex is the main factor enhancing the effect of the modification.

Aerodynamic Noise Distribution in Wind Turbines with Different Microporous Blade Tip Structures

A linear microporous blade tip structure is designed in order to reduce the aerodynamic noise of a wind turbine during operations.Various structures of such a kind are considered and the related aerodynamic noise is determined in the framework of large vortex simulation and acoustic array test methods.The findings demonstrate that various blade tip designs can enhance the vortex trajectory in the tip region and lessen the pressure differential between the blade’s upper and lower surfaces.In particular,the wind turbine’s maximum linear velocity at the blade tip can be increased by 10%–23%while also effectively reducing the radial and axial aerodynamic noise during operation.A trailing edge microporous structure displays a better noise reduction effect than a leading edge microporous structure,and the maximum sound pressure level is reduced by an average of 1.92%–3.63%.The main factors influencing the wind turbine’s aerodynamic noise are its size and placement of microporous holes.

Wind Turbine Noise Reduction through Blade Retrofitting

This paper outlines a plan for the effective reduction of the audible sound level produced by aerodynamic noise from the power-generating turbine blades. The contribution of aerodynamic noise can be divided into two categories: inflow turbulence and airfoil self-noise. The base model and retrofit blade designs were modeled in SolidWorks. Subsequently, noise prediction simulations were conducted and compared to the base blade model to determine which modification provided the greatest benefit using SolidWorks Flow Simulation. The result of this project is a series of blade retrofit recommendations that produce a more acoustically efficient design and reduce noise complaints while enabling turbines to be placed in locations that require quieter operations.

Determination of Aerodynamic Sound Sources on Periodicity Noise Generated from a Micro Wind Turbine

To discuss the relationship between the periodicity noise and the aerodynamic noise source of a wind turbine, the characteristics of the actual wind turbine were measured by a wind tunnel;moreover, the flow around the impeller immersed in the uniform flow was solved by numerical simulation. In the observed wind turbine, when the mainstream velocity was 7.4 m/s or more, the power coefficient reached maximum at tip speed ratio 8. When the mainstream velocity increased in the driving condition of the maximum power point, the aerodynamic noise increased due to the periodicity noise in the vicinity of 1000 Hz and the broadband noise in the high-frequency domain. The noise sources were concentrated at the leading edge and trailing edge on the suction surface side. We experimentally indicated that the pressure fluctuation of the leading edge was the source of the periodicity noise.

Numerical Optimization and Noise Analysis of High-Tip-SpeedWind Turbine

With lower turbulence and less rigorous restrictions on noise levels,offshore wind farms provide favourable conditions for the development of high-tip-speed wind turbines.In this study,the multi-objective optimization is presented for a 5MW wind turbine design and the effects of high tip speed on power output,cost and noise are analysed.In order to improve the convergence and efficiency of optimization,a novel type of gradient-based multi-objective evolutionary algorithm is proposed based on uniform decomposition and differential evolution.Optimization examples of the wind turbines indicate that the new algorithm can obtain uniformly distributed optimal solutions and this algorithm outperforms the conventional evolutionary algorithms in convergence and optimization efficiency.For the 5MW wind turbines designed,increasing the tip speed can greatly reduce the cost of energy(COE).When the tip speed increases from 80m/s to 100m/s,under the same annual energy production,the COE decreases by 3.2%in a class I wind farm and by 5.1%in a class III one,respectively,while the sound pressure level increases by a maximum of 4.4dB with the class III wind farm case.

A method of convolutional neural network based on frequency segmentation for monitoring the state of wind turbine blades

Wind turbine blades are prone to failure due to high tip speed,rain,dust and so on.A surface condition detecting approach based on wind turbine blade aerodynamic noise is proposed.On the experimental measurement data,variational mode decomposition filtering and Mel spectrogram drawing are conducted first.The Mel spectrogram is divided into two halves based on frequency characteristics and then sent into the convolutional neural network.Gaussian white noise is superimposed on the original signal and the output results are assessed based on score coefficients,considering the complexity of the real environment.The surfaces of Wind turbine blades are classified into four types:standard,attachments,polishing,and serrated trailing edge.The proposed method is evaluated and the detection accuracy in complicated background conditions is found to be 99.59%.In addition to support the differentiation of trained models,utilizing proper score coefficients also permit the screening of unknown types.

Design of low noise airfoil with high aerodynamic performance for use on small wind turbines

Wind power is one of the most reliable renewable energy sources and internationally installed capacity is increasing radically every year.Although wind power has been favored by the public in general,the problem with the impact of wind turbine noise on people living in the vicinity of the turbines has been increased.Low noise wind turbine design is becoming more and more important as noise is spreading more adverse effect of wind turbine to public.This paper demonstrates the design of 10 kW class wind turbines,each of three blades,a rotor diameter 6.4 m,a rated rotating speed 200 r/min and a rated wind speed 10 m/s.The optimized airfoil is dedicated for the 75% spanwise position because the dominant source of a wind turbine blade is trailing edge noise from the outer 25% of the blade.Numerical computations are performed for incompressible flow and for Mach number at 0.145 and for Reynolds numbers at 1.02×106 with a lift performance,which is resistant to surface contamination and turbulence intensity.The objectives in the design process are to reduce noise emission,while sustaining high aerodynamic efficiency.Dominant broadband noise sources are predicted by semi-empirical formulas composed of the groundwork by Brooks et al.and Lowson associated with typical wind turbine operation conditions.During the airfoil redesign process,the aerodynamic performance is analyzed to reduce the wind turbine power loss.The results obtained from the design process show that the design method is capable of designing airfoils with reduced noise using a commercial 10 kW class wind turbine blade airfoil as a basis.Therefore,the new optimized airfoil showing 2.9 dB reductions of total sound pressure level(SPL) and higher aerodynamic performance are achieved.

Aerodynamic Characteristics and Noise Collaborative Optimization of an Airfoil

Aerodynamic noise is the main problem restricting its development nowadays in green energy,ocean engineering and aerospace engineering.In order to limit the aerodynamic noise of an airfoil structure,a method is proposed in this paper by designing low noise airfoils.This method optimized the aerodynamic noise of two-dimensional airfoil,and considered the aerodynamic performance of the airfoil at the same time.Based on Joukowski conformal transformation,airfoil geometry is parameterized firstly.Then,the optimization model taking the lift-to-drag ratio and airfoil self-noise as the design objective,is established to modify the airfoil by active set algorithm until the airfoil can satisfy the design condition.Finally,the noise of the optimized airfoil is verified according to the prediction theory of airfoil noise.Moreover,the relationship between airfoil geometry and noise is analyzed.The results show that the lift-to-drag ratio of the optimized airfoil increased,and the noise also decreased.Thus,the optimization method can be used to address special design of low-noise airfoil.Besides,the optimization method in this paper can provide reference for improving lift-to-drag ratio and reducing noise of the airfoil in aircraft and submarine rudder system.

风力机叶片气动噪声风洞试验及数值计算

风力机叶片在运行时会产生明显的气动噪声。采用声学风洞开展NACA0012翼型气动噪声试验,获得不同风速下的气动噪声特征。建立基于大涡模拟的数值计算模型,进行升阻力系数对比验证和网格无关性分析。根据流场模拟结果和FW-H方程计算攻角为5°时风速10、15、20 m/s的叶片声压级,计算结果和声学风洞实测的声压级频谱整体趋势较吻合。进一步地,通过数值模拟对比研究不同叶片尺寸对流场和气动噪声的影响。根据不同风速下非定常流场的涡量云图,叶片流动分离点随风速增加而后移,旋涡尺度逐渐变小;同风速下,大尺寸叶片的分离涡更大一些,且涡核间距较大。根据数值模拟得到的不同尺寸叶片的声压级频谱图,叶片尺寸增大导致各频率声压级均有不同程度的提升,且频谱图中的声压级峰值向更低频移动。研究成果对于叶片气动噪声分析和声环境评估具有借鉴意义。

大功率异步风力发电机冷却结构分析与研究

随着风电技术的发展,单机容量不断的增大,冷却结构设计、噪声性能、成本等成为电机设计中的关键环节。目前国内外对大功率异步风力发电机通风冷却结构与噪声关联性研究较少。本文以一款异步风力发电机为例,采用CFD仿真分析方法对不同结构冷却器及定、转子通风道流体场及温度场进行模拟计算和分析。研究结果表明:“M”型换热器具有降低电机内部风阻,提升内风量的效果,在满足绕组温升要求下,具有一定成本优势;同时发电机定、转子通风道错开,在一定程度上可降低电机气动噪声。通过以上分析总结,希望对异步风力发电机的冷却结构设计提供一些参考。

基于Sobol灵敏度分析法的风电机组噪声特性研究

风电机组所产生的噪声主要来自于由其叶片引起的气动噪声,包括来流湍流噪声和翼型自身噪声两部分,目前已成为影响声环境的重要因素之一。本文以Amiet&Lowson半经验风电机组噪声预测模型为研究对象,通过引入Sobol全局灵敏度分析方法,探究了影响风电机组来流湍流噪声各因素的重要性。研究表明,影响风电机组噪声大小的因素依次为:来流速度、声源到观测点的距离、声波频率、翼型弦长、翼型展长、空气密度和翼段距离地面高度,其中来流速度为最主要因素,其次为声源到观测点距离和声波频率,以上三点因素与风电机组结构无关,表明改变风电机组结构对缓解噪声污染效果不大。对于风电机组本身结构而言,翼段弦长的影响最大,如需要通过结构的改变来降噪,此参数应该为最先考虑的对象,其次为翼型展长。

基于气动噪声信号检测模型与无线传感的风电机组叶片故障诊断方法

为避免风电机组叶片故障导致的风力发电厂安全运行的问题,提出了基于气动噪声信号检测模型与无线传感的风电机组叶片故障诊断方法,以精准诊断叶片故障。在分析气动噪声信号的基础上,构建基于无线传感的智能监测终端,采集气动噪声信号,将采集信号输入气动噪声信号检测模型中,标准化处理气动噪声信号后,利用ITD方法将信号分解为多个PRC分量,求出气动噪声信号PRC分量能量,重构特征向量并进行PCA降维处理。将降维后的特征向量作为支持向量机数据基础,通过支持向量机对特征向量实施分类,完成风电机组叶片故障诊断。经实验验证:该方法对气动噪声信号特征提取明显,可准确诊断出风电机组叶片故障,分类识别精度高达93%,且诊断结果与实际分类结果基本相同,对风电机组叶片故障诊断的效果较好。

测点位置对汽车风洞风噪测试结果的影响

随着汽车风洞技术的发展及汽车风洞数量的增多,汽车风洞风噪测试逐步成为汽车风噪开发的主要试验手段。文章基于汽车风洞风噪测试,研究了测点位置对测试结果的影响。研究发现,车内人工头在X方向位置变化时总声压级、语音清晰度和响度变化小,但频谱特性曲线有差异;声压级和响度在Z方向位置随高度增加而升高,语音清晰度随高度增加而降低;车外远场麦克风在Y向距离测力天平中心越远,声压级越低。

风力机气动噪声研究现状与发展趋势

首先介绍风力机气动噪声源的基本组成,然后对风力机气动噪声理论预测、实验测试和数值模拟方法进行阐述,重点论述这3类方法在风力机气动噪声研究中的应用现状,并讨论风力机气动噪声抑制技术,最后简要展望风力机气动噪声研究的发展趋势.

小型垂直轴风力发电机的气动噪声数值模拟与试验验证

为了降低小型垂直轴风力发电机的气动噪声,对其噪声产生机理进行了分析。首先,在瞬态计算时运用大涡模拟(LES)模型对在一定工况下的三维风轮周围的流场进行分析;其次,在声学计算时运用FW-H方程对风轮产生的气动噪声进行分析并得出频谱;最后,通过实例验证了该方法能有效预测其气动噪声。结果表明:小型垂直轴风力发电机的气动噪声主要是涡流噪声;监测点的噪声值随着离风轮旋转轴半径的增加而减小,且在垂直于叶轮旋转轴的平面上具有指向性。小型垂直轴风力发电机的气动噪声分析为其进一步低噪声优化提供了依据。

翼型气动性能与噪声的综合优化设计方法

将风力机翼型气动性能与气动噪声同时作为翼型优化目标,建立了低速翼型的多目标优化设计方法,包括利用Bezier曲线对翼型几何结构进行参数化建模,使用位势流动与边界层迭代(IBL)的流动分析方法计算翼型流场,采用Brooks-Pope-Marcolini翼型自噪声半经验模型预测气动噪声,利用Powell优化方法求得优化翼型.以naca0012翼型为例,对多种目标权重分配方案的优化目标进行设计和计算.结果表明:与原始翼型相比,在设计工况下,优化翼型的升阻比提高,噪声降低,可以获得更好的气动性能和声学性能.

低噪声风力机叶片气动外形优化设计

针对目前兆瓦级风力机叶片噪声污染问题,基于动量叶素理论及叶片噪声计算模型,提出在给定工况条件下,以功率系数与噪声的最大比值为目标函数,以影响叶片气动噪声性能的弦长及扭角为设计变量,建立了低噪声风力机叶片优化设计数学模型。对某实际2.3MW风力机叶片进行优化设计,并与噪声实验数据对比,结果表明:在主要频率域范围内,叶片噪声预测值与实验数据较吻合;相比原叶片,新叶片具有更低的噪声特性,噪声声压级降低了约7.1%,同时风轮功率系数略有增大,从而验证了该设计方法的可行性。

大型风力机气动噪声仿真与分析

以2 MW风力机为研究对象,用Pro/E进行三维建模,用Fluent对其流场和声场进行仿真分析。采用大涡模拟(LES)模型求解风力机流场非定常流动,获得流场漩涡强度和流线,采用FW-H声学模型计算气动噪声。结果表明,由叶根至叶尖漩涡强度和声压脉动逐渐加强,在叶尖区域达到最大值,叶尖区域是风力机噪声主要来源,叶片背风面漩涡强度和声压脉动比迎风面高,导致距风力机相同距离的背风面合成声压级高于迎风面,塔影效应是风力机气动噪声重要组成部分,气动噪声主要是中低频噪声。

风力机噪声的预测方法研究

研究了数值预测风力机气动噪声的一种半经验模型。通过分析风力机噪声产生的机理,该模型对几种不同形式的风力机噪声源进行叠加计算,包括湍流入流噪声、风力机叶片翼型自激励噪声,进而得到风力机全机的声压级和声功率级噪声谱,以及总声压级和总声功率级。为验证半经验模型的有效性,将模型应用于风力机的噪声预测,计算的声功率级及总声功率级与实验测量的声功率级进行比较,计算所得到的结果能够与实验结果基本吻合,表明研究的预测方法是可行的。

大型风力机叶片气动噪声研究

首先利用SST k-ω湍流模型验证设计叶片在额定运行工况下的气动性能。然后运用大涡模拟(LES)和Lighthill声类比相结合的方法,模拟额定工况下叶片径向5个截面的气动涡流噪声,并确定声源分布,分析声传播特性,进而提出降低风力机气动噪声的措施。研究表明叶片尾缘是其主要声源部位;传播过程中近场受尾流影响明显,而远场基本不受影响;相对风速对于噪声的影响远大于攻角影响。