It is a major challenge for the airframe-inlet design of modern combat aircrafts,as the flow and electromagnetic wave propagation in the inlet of stealth aircraft are very complex.In this study,an aerodynamic/stealth ...It is a major challenge for the airframe-inlet design of modern combat aircrafts,as the flow and electromagnetic wave propagation in the inlet of stealth aircraft are very complex.In this study,an aerodynamic/stealth optimization design method for an S-duct inlet is proposed.The upwind scheme is introduced to the aerodynamic adjoint equation to resolve the shock wave and flow separation.The multilevel fast multipole algorithm(MLFMA)is utilized for the stealth adjoint equation.A dorsal S-duct inlet of flying wing layout is optimized to improve the aerodynamic and stealth characteristics.Both the aerodynamic and stealth characteristics of the inlet are effectively improved.Finally,the optimization results are analyzed,and it shows that the main contradiction between aerodynamic characteristics and stealth characteristics is the centerline and crosssectional area.The S-duct is smoothed,and the cross-sectional area is increased to improve the aerodynamic characteristics,while it is completely opposite for the stealth design.The radar cross section(RCS)is reduced by phase cancelation for low frequency conditions.The method is suitable for the aerodynamic/stealth design of the aircraft airframe-inlet system.展开更多
The aerodynamic design of a strategic weapon is of interest, especially when the radar signatures are included in the conceptual design phase. The basics of stealth configurations and stealth mechanisms for missiles a...The aerodynamic design of a strategic weapon is of interest, especially when the radar signatures are included in the conceptual design phase. The basics of stealth configurations and stealth mechanisms for missiles are reviewed. The Radar Cross Sections (RCS) of some generic missiles are predicted and compared to analyze the trade-offs involved between low RCS and aerodynamic performance. The consideration of RCS prediction in the conceptual design phase gives a quick insight into the stealth performance prior to detailed design.展开更多
In order to solve the mismatched uncertainties of a class of nonlinearsystems, a control method of sliding mode control (SMC) based on the backstepping design isproposed. It introduces SMC in to the last step of backs...In order to solve the mismatched uncertainties of a class of nonlinearsystems, a control method of sliding mode control (SMC) based on the backstepping design isproposed. It introduces SMC in to the last step of backstepping design to modify the backsteppingalgorithm. This combination not only enables the generalization of the backstepping design to beapplied to more general nonlinear systems, but also makes the SMC method become effective in solvingthe mismatched uncertainties. The SMC based on the backstepping design is applied to the flightcontrol system design of an aerodynamic missile. The control system is researched throughsimulation. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed control method.展开更多
Compared with the traditional train,the operational speed of the high-speed train has largely improved,and thedynamicenvironmentofthetrainhaschangedfromoneof mechanical domination to one of aerodynamic domination.The ...Compared with the traditional train,the operational speed of the high-speed train has largely improved,and thedynamicenvironmentofthetrainhaschangedfromoneof mechanical domination to one of aerodynamic domination.The aerodynamic problem has become the key technological challenge of high-speed trains and significantl affects the economy,environment,safety,and comfort.In this paper,the relationships among the aerodynamic design principle,aerodynamic performance indexes,and design variables are firs studied,and the research methods of train aerodynamics are proposed,including numerical simulation,a reducedscale test,and a full-scale test.Technological schemes of train aerodynamics involve the optimization design of the streamlined head and the smooth design of the body surface.Optimization design of the streamlined head includes conception design,project design,numerical simulation,and a reduced-scale test.Smooth design of the body surface is mainly used for the key parts,such as electric-current collecting system,wheel truck compartment,and windshield.The aerodynamic design method established in this paper has been successfully applied to various high-speed trains(CRH380A,CRH380 AM,CRH6,CRH2 G,and the Standard electric multiple unit(EMU)) that have met expected design objectives.The research results can provide an effective guideline for the aerodynamic design of high-speed trains.展开更多
Based on computational fluid dynamics(CFD)/computational electromagnetics method(CEM)coupling method and surrogate model optimization techniques,an integration design method about aerodynamic/stealth characteristics o...Based on computational fluid dynamics(CFD)/computational electromagnetics method(CEM)coupling method and surrogate model optimization techniques,an integration design method about aerodynamic/stealth characteristics of airfoil is established.The O-type body-fitted and orthogonal grid around airfoil is first generated by using the Poisson equations,in which the points per wave and the normal range satisfy the aerodynamic and electromagnetic calculation accuracy requirement.Then the aerodynamic performance of airfoil is calculated by solving the Navier-Stokes(N-S)equations with Baldwin-Lomax(B-L)turbulence model.The stealth characteristics of airfoil are simulated by using finite volume time domain(FVTD)method based on the Maxwell′s equations,Steger-Warming flux splitting and the third-order MUSCL scheme.In addition,based upon the surrogate model optimization technique with full factorial design(FFD)and radial basis function(RBF),an integration design about aerodynamic/stealth characteristics of rotor airfoil is conducted by employing the CFD/CEM coupling method.The aerodynamic/stealth characteristics of NACA series airfoils with different maximum thickness and camber combinations are discussed.Finally,by choosing suitable lift-to-drag ratio and radar cross section(RCS)amplitudes of rotor airfoil in four important scattering regions as the objective function and constraint,the compromised airfoil with high lift-to-drag ratio and low scattering characteristics is designed via systemic and comprehensive analyses.展开更多
Based on the analysis of the flying scheme and flying style of an extended range guided munition(ERGM), the aerodynamic characteristics design standards were put forward. According to the standards, the ERGM aerodynam...Based on the analysis of the flying scheme and flying style of an extended range guided munition(ERGM), the aerodynamic characteristics design standards were put forward. According to the standards, the ERGM aerodynamic configuration was designed, and the wind tunnel experiments were processed. The experimental results show that the configuration has lower drag and good static stability at unguided flying stage. Moreover, the stability, maneuverability, rudder deflection angle and balance angle of attack of the configuration are all reasonably matched at guided flying stage, and the munition with the configuration can glide with larger lift-drag ratio at little balance angle of attack. The experimental results also indicate that the canard can't conduct rolling control when 1.0 < Ma < 1.5, so the ERGM must take rolling flight style with certain limited rolling speed.展开更多
An optimization method is introduced to design the aerodynamic parameters of a dual-spin twodimensional guided projectile with the canards for trajectory correction. The nose guidance component contains two pairs of c...An optimization method is introduced to design the aerodynamic parameters of a dual-spin twodimensional guided projectile with the canards for trajectory correction. The nose guidance component contains two pairs of canards which can provide lift and despin with the projectile for stability. The optimal design algorithm is developed to decide the profiles both of the steering and spinning canards,and their deflection angles are also simulated to meet the needs of trajectory correction capabilities.Finally, the aerodynamic efficiency of the specific canards is discussed according to the CFD simulations.Results that obtained here can be further applied to the exterior ballistics design.展开更多
In this research,a Multidisciplinary Design Optimization approach is proposed for the dual-spin guided flying projectile design considering external and internal parts of the body as design variables.In this way,a par...In this research,a Multidisciplinary Design Optimization approach is proposed for the dual-spin guided flying projectile design considering external and internal parts of the body as design variables.In this way,a parametric formulation is developed.All related disciplines,including structure,aerodynamics,guidance,and control are considered.Minimum total mass,maximum aerodynamic control effectiveness,minimum miss distance,maximum yield stress in all subsystems,controllability and gyroscopic stability constraints are some of objectives/constraints taken into account.The problem is formulated in All-At-Ones Multidisciplinary Design Optimization approach structure and solved by Simulated Annealing and minimax algorithms.The optimal configurations are evaluated in various aspects.The resulted optimal configurations have met all design objectives and constraints.展开更多
An effective method of optimal design of wing configuration is provided. The SUMT (sequential unconstained minimization technique) method is a good technique for solving the nonlinear programming. The application of p...An effective method of optimal design of wing configuration is provided. The SUMT (sequential unconstained minimization technique) method is a good technique for solving the nonlinear programming. The application of penalty in optimal design of wing configuration has been solved well. The present method for the aerodynamic calculation is the combination of both the nonlinear panel method and the suction analogy method of vortexlift spanwise distribution on large swept wing-tip. The calculation results are in good agreement with experimental data. According to the computation and experiment,the mechanism of the increased lift and reduced drag about the sheared wing-tip wing has been analyzed, and some opinions of interest are proposed.展开更多
Purpose–The nose length is the key design parameter affecting the aerodynamic performance of high-speed maglev train,and the horizontal profile has a significant impact on the aerodynamic lift of the leading and trai...Purpose–The nose length is the key design parameter affecting the aerodynamic performance of high-speed maglev train,and the horizontal profile has a significant impact on the aerodynamic lift of the leading and trailing cars Hence,the study analyzes aerodynamic parameters with multi-objective optimization design.Design/methodology/approach–The nose of normal temperature and normal conduction high-speed maglev train is divided into streamlined part and equipment cabin according to its geometric characteristics.Then the modified vehicle modeling function(VMF)parameterization method and surface discretization method are adopted for the parametric design of the nose.For the 12 key design parameters extracted,combined with computational fluid dynamics(CFD),support vector machine(SVR)model and multi-objective particle swarm optimization(MPSO)algorithm,the multi-objective aerodynamic optimization design of highspeed maglev train nose and the sensitivity analysis of design parameters are carried out with aerodynamic drag coefficient of the whole vehicle and the aerodynamic lift coefficient of the trailing car as the optimization objectives and the aerodynamic lift coefficient of the leading car as the constraint.The engineering improvement and wind tunnel test verification of the optimized shape are done.Findings–Results show that the parametric design method can use less design parameters to describe the nose shape of high-speed maglev train.The prediction accuracy of the SVR model with the reduced amount of calculation and improved optimization efficiency meets the design requirements.Originality/value–Compared with the original shape,the aerodynamic drag coefficient of the whole vehicle is reduced by 19.2%,and the aerodynamic lift coefficients of the leading and trailing cars are reduced by 24.8 and 51.3%,respectively,after adopting the optimized shape modified according to engineering design requirements.展开更多
This paper presents an aerodynamic design of a small transonic fan by 3D viscous RNS solver combined with genetic algorithms.The aerodynamic design system based on the 3D viscous RNS solver reduces the dependency on t...This paper presents an aerodynamic design of a small transonic fan by 3D viscous RNS solver combined with genetic algorithms.The aerodynamic design system based on the 3D viscous RNS solver reduces the dependency on the design experience for designers.Furthermore the optimum with genetic algorithms is an effective method for improving the transonic fan performance as a part of the design system.The design result showed that the transonic fan designed by this method reaches the design requirement even with more efficiency value.展开更多
The influences of steady aerodynamic loads on hunting stability of high-speed railway vehicles were investigated in this study.A mechanism is suggested to explain the change of hunting behavior due to actions of aerod...The influences of steady aerodynamic loads on hunting stability of high-speed railway vehicles were investigated in this study.A mechanism is suggested to explain the change of hunting behavior due to actions of aerodynamic loads:the aerodynamic loads can change the position of vehicle system(consequently the contact relations),the wheel/rail normal contact forces,the gravitational restoring forces/moments and the creep forces/moments.A mathematical model for hunting stability incorporating such influences was developed.A computer program capable of incorporating the effects of aerodynamic loads based on the model was written,and the critical speeds were calculated using this program.The dependences of linear and nonlinear critical speeds on suspension parameters considering aerodynamic loads were analyzed by using the orthogonal test method,the results were also compared with the situations without aerodynamic loads.It is shown that the most dominant factors a ff ecting linear and nonlinear critical speeds are different whether the aerodynamic loads considered or not.The damping of yaw damper is the most dominant influencing factor for linear critical speeds,while the damping of lateral damper is most dominant for nonlinear ones.When the influences of aerodynamic loads are considered,the linear critical speeds decrease with the rise of cross wind velocity,whereas it is not the case for the nonlinear critical speeds.The variation trends of critical speeds with suspension parameters can be significantly changed by aerodynamic loads.Combined actions of aerodynamic loads and suspension parameters also a ff ect the critical speeds.The effects of such joint action are more obvious for nonlinear critical speeds.展开更多
DC-inverter split air-conditioner is widely used in Chinese homes as a result of its high-efficiency and energy-saving. Recently, the researches on its outdoor unit have focused on the influence of surrounding structu...DC-inverter split air-conditioner is widely used in Chinese homes as a result of its high-efficiency and energy-saving. Recently, the researches on its outdoor unit have focused on the influence of surrounding structures upon the aerodynamic and acoustic performance, however they are only limited to the influence of a few parameters on the performance, and practical design of the unit requires more detailed parametric analysis. Three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics(CFD) and computational aerodynamic acoustics(CAA) simulation based on FLUENT solver is used to study the influence of surrounding structures upon the aforementioned properties of the unit. The flow rate and sound pressure level are predicted for different rotating speed, and agree well with the experimental results. The parametric influence of three main surrounding structures(i.e. the heat sink, the bell-mouth type shroud and the outlet grille) upon the aerodynamic performance of the unit is analyzed thoroughly. The results demonstrate that the tip vortex plays a major role in the flow fields near the blade tip and has a great effect on the flow field of the unit. The inlet ring's size and throat's depth of the bell-mouth type shroud, and the through-flow area and configuration of upwind and downwind sections of the outlet grille are the most important factors that affect the aerodynamic performance of the unit. Furthermore, two improved schemes against the existing prototype of the unit are developed, which both can significantly increase the flow rate more than 6 %(i.e. 100 m3·h~(-1)) at given rotating speeds. The inevitable increase of flow noise level when flow rate is increased and the advantage of keeping a lower rotating speed are also discussed. The presented work could be a useful guideline in designing the aerodynamic and acoustic performance of the split air-conditioner in engineering practice.展开更多
With the increase of span length,the bridge tends to be more flexible,and the wind stability becomes an important problem for the design and construction of super long-span cable-stayed bridges. By taking a super long...With the increase of span length,the bridge tends to be more flexible,and the wind stability becomes an important problem for the design and construction of super long-span cable-stayed bridges. By taking a super long-span cable-stayed bridge with a main span of 1 400 m as example,the aerostatic and aerodynamic stability of the bridge are investigated by three-dimensional nonlinear aerostatic and aerodynamic stability analysis,and the results are compared with those of a suspension bridge with a main span of 1 385 m,and from the aspect of wind stability,the feasibility of using cable-stayed bridge in super long-span bridge with a main span above 1 000 m is discussed. In addition,the influences of design parameters including the depth and width of the girder,the tower structure,the tower height-to-span ratio,the side-to-main span ratio,the auxiliary piers in the side span and the anchorage system of stay cables,etc on the aerostatic and aerodynamic stability of super long-span cable-stayed bridges are investigated numerically;the key design parameters are pointed out,and also their reasonable values are proposed.展开更多
A multiple frequency cancellation(MFC)method is proposed for stealth design of ultra-wide band(UWB)end-fire antenna array.The proposed method can produce significant radar cross section(RCS)reduction in the whole oper...A multiple frequency cancellation(MFC)method is proposed for stealth design of ultra-wide band(UWB)end-fire antenna array.The proposed method can produce significant radar cross section(RCS)reduction in the whole operating band.The 1×4 and 4×4 Vivaldi antenna arrays of different kinds of cancellation structures are discussed as examples to validate the effectiveness of the MFC method on both linear and planar arrays.On average,22.6 dB reduction of monostatic radar cross section(MRCS)is obtained in the whole X-band.MRCS under oblique incident waves is also reduced within±60°.Basically favorable radiation characteristics are maintained.展开更多
Developing the waverider based hypersonic vehicles is an inverse design process in which shape is developed from a known flow field by tracing of streamlines to form a stream surface. The flow field can be based on a ...Developing the waverider based hypersonic vehicles is an inverse design process in which shape is developed from a known flow field by tracing of streamlines to form a stream surface. The flow field can be based on a solution of Taylor Maccoll equation for a specified shock or cone angle. This Paper discusses the development of waverider shapes for hypersonic reentry vehicles.展开更多
A computational investigation was performed to predict the effects of aerodynamic performance degradation on aircraft swept taper wing with and without 10 minutes and 22.5 minutes glaze ice accretions. In this study, ...A computational investigation was performed to predict the effects of aerodynamic performance degradation on aircraft swept taper wing with and without 10 minutes and 22.5 minutes glaze ice accretions. In this study, the three-dimensional simulated glaze ice shapes were defined from a series of two-dimensional ice sections. The aerodynamic performances of glaze iced swept wings with C-H structure multi-block grid were analyzed and evaluated. The steady Reynolds- Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations are employed to compute solutions with implementation of two equation Shear-Stress Transport (SST) turbulence model and second-order upwind differencing for entire iced wing flow field. Computed results were compared with available experimental data. The CFD computation can also accurately predict the aerodynamic performance degradation of lift, drag and pressure coefficients of finite swept wing with glaze ice accretions which have two big upper and lower horn.展开更多
文摘It is a major challenge for the airframe-inlet design of modern combat aircrafts,as the flow and electromagnetic wave propagation in the inlet of stealth aircraft are very complex.In this study,an aerodynamic/stealth optimization design method for an S-duct inlet is proposed.The upwind scheme is introduced to the aerodynamic adjoint equation to resolve the shock wave and flow separation.The multilevel fast multipole algorithm(MLFMA)is utilized for the stealth adjoint equation.A dorsal S-duct inlet of flying wing layout is optimized to improve the aerodynamic and stealth characteristics.Both the aerodynamic and stealth characteristics of the inlet are effectively improved.Finally,the optimization results are analyzed,and it shows that the main contradiction between aerodynamic characteristics and stealth characteristics is the centerline and crosssectional area.The S-duct is smoothed,and the cross-sectional area is increased to improve the aerodynamic characteristics,while it is completely opposite for the stealth design.The radar cross section(RCS)is reduced by phase cancelation for low frequency conditions.The method is suitable for the aerodynamic/stealth design of the aircraft airframe-inlet system.
文摘The aerodynamic design of a strategic weapon is of interest, especially when the radar signatures are included in the conceptual design phase. The basics of stealth configurations and stealth mechanisms for missiles are reviewed. The Radar Cross Sections (RCS) of some generic missiles are predicted and compared to analyze the trade-offs involved between low RCS and aerodynamic performance. The consideration of RCS prediction in the conceptual design phase gives a quick insight into the stealth performance prior to detailed design.
文摘In order to solve the mismatched uncertainties of a class of nonlinearsystems, a control method of sliding mode control (SMC) based on the backstepping design isproposed. It introduces SMC in to the last step of backstepping design to modify the backsteppingalgorithm. This combination not only enables the generalization of the backstepping design to beapplied to more general nonlinear systems, but also makes the SMC method become effective in solvingthe mismatched uncertainties. The SMC based on the backstepping design is applied to the flightcontrol system design of an aerodynamic missile. The control system is researched throughsimulation. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed control method.
基金supported by the National Key Technology R&D Program of China (Grant 2013BAG22Q00)the China Railway Science and Technology R&D Program (2015J009-D)
文摘Compared with the traditional train,the operational speed of the high-speed train has largely improved,and thedynamicenvironmentofthetrainhaschangedfromoneof mechanical domination to one of aerodynamic domination.The aerodynamic problem has become the key technological challenge of high-speed trains and significantl affects the economy,environment,safety,and comfort.In this paper,the relationships among the aerodynamic design principle,aerodynamic performance indexes,and design variables are firs studied,and the research methods of train aerodynamics are proposed,including numerical simulation,a reducedscale test,and a full-scale test.Technological schemes of train aerodynamics involve the optimization design of the streamlined head and the smooth design of the body surface.Optimization design of the streamlined head includes conception design,project design,numerical simulation,and a reduced-scale test.Smooth design of the body surface is mainly used for the key parts,such as electric-current collecting system,wheel truck compartment,and windshield.The aerodynamic design method established in this paper has been successfully applied to various high-speed trains(CRH380A,CRH380 AM,CRH6,CRH2 G,and the Standard electric multiple unit(EMU)) that have met expected design objectives.The research results can provide an effective guideline for the aerodynamic design of high-speed trains.
文摘Based on computational fluid dynamics(CFD)/computational electromagnetics method(CEM)coupling method and surrogate model optimization techniques,an integration design method about aerodynamic/stealth characteristics of airfoil is established.The O-type body-fitted and orthogonal grid around airfoil is first generated by using the Poisson equations,in which the points per wave and the normal range satisfy the aerodynamic and electromagnetic calculation accuracy requirement.Then the aerodynamic performance of airfoil is calculated by solving the Navier-Stokes(N-S)equations with Baldwin-Lomax(B-L)turbulence model.The stealth characteristics of airfoil are simulated by using finite volume time domain(FVTD)method based on the Maxwell′s equations,Steger-Warming flux splitting and the third-order MUSCL scheme.In addition,based upon the surrogate model optimization technique with full factorial design(FFD)and radial basis function(RBF),an integration design about aerodynamic/stealth characteristics of rotor airfoil is conducted by employing the CFD/CEM coupling method.The aerodynamic/stealth characteristics of NACA series airfoils with different maximum thickness and camber combinations are discussed.Finally,by choosing suitable lift-to-drag ratio and radar cross section(RCS)amplitudes of rotor airfoil in four important scattering regions as the objective function and constraint,the compromised airfoil with high lift-to-drag ratio and low scattering characteristics is designed via systemic and comprehensive analyses.
文摘Based on the analysis of the flying scheme and flying style of an extended range guided munition(ERGM), the aerodynamic characteristics design standards were put forward. According to the standards, the ERGM aerodynamic configuration was designed, and the wind tunnel experiments were processed. The experimental results show that the configuration has lower drag and good static stability at unguided flying stage. Moreover, the stability, maneuverability, rudder deflection angle and balance angle of attack of the configuration are all reasonably matched at guided flying stage, and the munition with the configuration can glide with larger lift-drag ratio at little balance angle of attack. The experimental results also indicate that the canard can't conduct rolling control when 1.0 < Ma < 1.5, so the ERGM must take rolling flight style with certain limited rolling speed.
文摘An optimization method is introduced to design the aerodynamic parameters of a dual-spin twodimensional guided projectile with the canards for trajectory correction. The nose guidance component contains two pairs of canards which can provide lift and despin with the projectile for stability. The optimal design algorithm is developed to decide the profiles both of the steering and spinning canards,and their deflection angles are also simulated to meet the needs of trajectory correction capabilities.Finally, the aerodynamic efficiency of the specific canards is discussed according to the CFD simulations.Results that obtained here can be further applied to the exterior ballistics design.
文摘In this research,a Multidisciplinary Design Optimization approach is proposed for the dual-spin guided flying projectile design considering external and internal parts of the body as design variables.In this way,a parametric formulation is developed.All related disciplines,including structure,aerodynamics,guidance,and control are considered.Minimum total mass,maximum aerodynamic control effectiveness,minimum miss distance,maximum yield stress in all subsystems,controllability and gyroscopic stability constraints are some of objectives/constraints taken into account.The problem is formulated in All-At-Ones Multidisciplinary Design Optimization approach structure and solved by Simulated Annealing and minimax algorithms.The optimal configurations are evaluated in various aspects.The resulted optimal configurations have met all design objectives and constraints.
文摘An effective method of optimal design of wing configuration is provided. The SUMT (sequential unconstained minimization technique) method is a good technique for solving the nonlinear programming. The application of penalty in optimal design of wing configuration has been solved well. The present method for the aerodynamic calculation is the combination of both the nonlinear panel method and the suction analogy method of vortexlift spanwise distribution on large swept wing-tip. The calculation results are in good agreement with experimental data. According to the computation and experiment,the mechanism of the increased lift and reduced drag about the sheared wing-tip wing has been analyzed, and some opinions of interest are proposed.
文摘Purpose–The nose length is the key design parameter affecting the aerodynamic performance of high-speed maglev train,and the horizontal profile has a significant impact on the aerodynamic lift of the leading and trailing cars Hence,the study analyzes aerodynamic parameters with multi-objective optimization design.Design/methodology/approach–The nose of normal temperature and normal conduction high-speed maglev train is divided into streamlined part and equipment cabin according to its geometric characteristics.Then the modified vehicle modeling function(VMF)parameterization method and surface discretization method are adopted for the parametric design of the nose.For the 12 key design parameters extracted,combined with computational fluid dynamics(CFD),support vector machine(SVR)model and multi-objective particle swarm optimization(MPSO)algorithm,the multi-objective aerodynamic optimization design of highspeed maglev train nose and the sensitivity analysis of design parameters are carried out with aerodynamic drag coefficient of the whole vehicle and the aerodynamic lift coefficient of the trailing car as the optimization objectives and the aerodynamic lift coefficient of the leading car as the constraint.The engineering improvement and wind tunnel test verification of the optimized shape are done.Findings–Results show that the parametric design method can use less design parameters to describe the nose shape of high-speed maglev train.The prediction accuracy of the SVR model with the reduced amount of calculation and improved optimization efficiency meets the design requirements.Originality/value–Compared with the original shape,the aerodynamic drag coefficient of the whole vehicle is reduced by 19.2%,and the aerodynamic lift coefficients of the leading and trailing cars are reduced by 24.8 and 51.3%,respectively,after adopting the optimized shape modified according to engineering design requirements.
基金Sponsored by the Major State Basic Research Development Progrma of China(Grant No. 2007CB210104)
文摘This paper presents an aerodynamic design of a small transonic fan by 3D viscous RNS solver combined with genetic algorithms.The aerodynamic design system based on the 3D viscous RNS solver reduces the dependency on the design experience for designers.Furthermore the optimum with genetic algorithms is an effective method for improving the transonic fan performance as a part of the design system.The design result showed that the transonic fan designed by this method reaches the design requirement even with more efficiency value.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program(973 Program)of China(2011CB711100 and 2014CB046801)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11072246 and51490673)the Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(KJCX2-EW-L01)
文摘The influences of steady aerodynamic loads on hunting stability of high-speed railway vehicles were investigated in this study.A mechanism is suggested to explain the change of hunting behavior due to actions of aerodynamic loads:the aerodynamic loads can change the position of vehicle system(consequently the contact relations),the wheel/rail normal contact forces,the gravitational restoring forces/moments and the creep forces/moments.A mathematical model for hunting stability incorporating such influences was developed.A computer program capable of incorporating the effects of aerodynamic loads based on the model was written,and the critical speeds were calculated using this program.The dependences of linear and nonlinear critical speeds on suspension parameters considering aerodynamic loads were analyzed by using the orthogonal test method,the results were also compared with the situations without aerodynamic loads.It is shown that the most dominant factors a ff ecting linear and nonlinear critical speeds are different whether the aerodynamic loads considered or not.The damping of yaw damper is the most dominant influencing factor for linear critical speeds,while the damping of lateral damper is most dominant for nonlinear ones.When the influences of aerodynamic loads are considered,the linear critical speeds decrease with the rise of cross wind velocity,whereas it is not the case for the nonlinear critical speeds.The variation trends of critical speeds with suspension parameters can be significantly changed by aerodynamic loads.Combined actions of aerodynamic loads and suspension parameters also a ff ect the critical speeds.The effects of such joint action are more obvious for nonlinear critical speeds.
基金Supported by Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University,Ministry of Education of China(PCSIRT)
文摘DC-inverter split air-conditioner is widely used in Chinese homes as a result of its high-efficiency and energy-saving. Recently, the researches on its outdoor unit have focused on the influence of surrounding structures upon the aerodynamic and acoustic performance, however they are only limited to the influence of a few parameters on the performance, and practical design of the unit requires more detailed parametric analysis. Three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics(CFD) and computational aerodynamic acoustics(CAA) simulation based on FLUENT solver is used to study the influence of surrounding structures upon the aforementioned properties of the unit. The flow rate and sound pressure level are predicted for different rotating speed, and agree well with the experimental results. The parametric influence of three main surrounding structures(i.e. the heat sink, the bell-mouth type shroud and the outlet grille) upon the aerodynamic performance of the unit is analyzed thoroughly. The results demonstrate that the tip vortex plays a major role in the flow fields near the blade tip and has a great effect on the flow field of the unit. The inlet ring's size and throat's depth of the bell-mouth type shroud, and the through-flow area and configuration of upwind and downwind sections of the outlet grille are the most important factors that affect the aerodynamic performance of the unit. Furthermore, two improved schemes against the existing prototype of the unit are developed, which both can significantly increase the flow rate more than 6 %(i.e. 100 m3·h~(-1)) at given rotating speeds. The inevitable increase of flow noise level when flow rate is increased and the advantage of keeping a lower rotating speed are also discussed. The presented work could be a useful guideline in designing the aerodynamic and acoustic performance of the split air-conditioner in engineering practice.
文摘With the increase of span length,the bridge tends to be more flexible,and the wind stability becomes an important problem for the design and construction of super long-span cable-stayed bridges. By taking a super long-span cable-stayed bridge with a main span of 1 400 m as example,the aerostatic and aerodynamic stability of the bridge are investigated by three-dimensional nonlinear aerostatic and aerodynamic stability analysis,and the results are compared with those of a suspension bridge with a main span of 1 385 m,and from the aspect of wind stability,the feasibility of using cable-stayed bridge in super long-span bridge with a main span above 1 000 m is discussed. In addition,the influences of design parameters including the depth and width of the girder,the tower structure,the tower height-to-span ratio,the side-to-main span ratio,the auxiliary piers in the side span and the anchorage system of stay cables,etc on the aerostatic and aerodynamic stability of super long-span cable-stayed bridges are investigated numerically;the key design parameters are pointed out,and also their reasonable values are proposed.
基金supported in part by Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Research Funding(No. Kfjj20150414)。
文摘A multiple frequency cancellation(MFC)method is proposed for stealth design of ultra-wide band(UWB)end-fire antenna array.The proposed method can produce significant radar cross section(RCS)reduction in the whole operating band.The 1×4 and 4×4 Vivaldi antenna arrays of different kinds of cancellation structures are discussed as examples to validate the effectiveness of the MFC method on both linear and planar arrays.On average,22.6 dB reduction of monostatic radar cross section(MRCS)is obtained in the whole X-band.MRCS under oblique incident waves is also reduced within±60°.Basically favorable radiation characteristics are maintained.
文摘Developing the waverider based hypersonic vehicles is an inverse design process in which shape is developed from a known flow field by tracing of streamlines to form a stream surface. The flow field can be based on a solution of Taylor Maccoll equation for a specified shock or cone angle. This Paper discusses the development of waverider shapes for hypersonic reentry vehicles.
文摘A computational investigation was performed to predict the effects of aerodynamic performance degradation on aircraft swept taper wing with and without 10 minutes and 22.5 minutes glaze ice accretions. In this study, the three-dimensional simulated glaze ice shapes were defined from a series of two-dimensional ice sections. The aerodynamic performances of glaze iced swept wings with C-H structure multi-block grid were analyzed and evaluated. The steady Reynolds- Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations are employed to compute solutions with implementation of two equation Shear-Stress Transport (SST) turbulence model and second-order upwind differencing for entire iced wing flow field. Computed results were compared with available experimental data. The CFD computation can also accurately predict the aerodynamic performance degradation of lift, drag and pressure coefficients of finite swept wing with glaze ice accretions which have two big upper and lower horn.