Investigating the Long-Term Relationship between Aerosol Optical Thickness and Land Use/Cover Change in Guangxi Coastal Cities, China

Land Use/Cover Change (LUCC) has an impact on AOD to a certain extent. It is of great significance for ecological environment and public health to pay attention to and explore the response mechanism of AOD to LUCC. Based on remote sensing satellite technology, using landsat8 and MODIS data, this paper analyzes the correlation between different land use types and AOD in Beibu Gulf coastal urban belt under the background of wide-scale region and long time series, and further discusses the difference value and contribution level of each LUCC to AOD. The results show that: 1) there is a positive correlation between PM concentration and cultivated land, urban land, water area and other types of land, and the correlation coefficient increases in turn, R is 0.812, 0.685, 0.627, 0.416, respectively, which indicates that the increase of cultivated land and urban land increases PM concentration to a certain extent;2) there is a significant negative correlation between PM concentration and forest land, R is -0.924, The results show that the decrease of woodland is an important factor for the increase of atmospheric particulate matter concentration in the study area from 2015 to 2019;3) through the contribution analysis method, the contribution of cultivated land to AOD is the largest, followed by urban land, and the water area is the smallest in 2015-2019, which indicates that the land use mode is closely related to AOD. It can be helpful to reasonably plan land use types and scientifically optimize land use structure. It can effectively reduce the concentration of air pollution particles.

葵花-8卫星AOD资料在CMA-MESO/CUACE CW 3DVar同化系统中的个例应用研究

CMA-MESO/CUACE CW化学天气耦合模式是自主研发的大气化学耦合模式,目前CMA-MESO/CUACE CW3DVar同化系统实现了地面气溶胶观测可吸入颗粒物PM_(2.5)和PM10的同化,为增强耦合同化系统非常规观测的同化能力,文中在CMA-MESO大气化学天气耦合三维变分同化框架基础上,利用查表法获得气溶胶消光系数,然后建立气溶胶光学厚度(AerosolOpticalDepth,AOD)和气溶胶组分之间关系的观测算子、切线性观测算子和伴随观测算子,实现AOD观测资料的同化应用。针对2016年12月18-20日华北、黄淮地区一次污染天气过程进行同化预报试验,试验结果表明同化葵花-8卫星(Hi‐mawari-8)气溶胶光学厚度观测后,PM_(2.5)分析的重污染区范围有所扩大,山西东南部分析与实况分布更为接近,但是山东大部地区PM_(2.5)分析偏强,与观测相比PM_(2.5)质量浓度存在高估。同时同化Himawari-8 AOD观测和地面气溶胶站点观测的PM_(2.5)分析最优,分析与观测距平相关系数最高,平均偏差、均方根误差及标准差最小。重污染区的PM_(2.5)预报检验结果表明,同化Himawari-8AOD观测对大于350µg·m^(-3)量级PM_(2.5)预报正贡献可以持续到48 h,但整体来说,同时同化Himawari-8AOD观测和地面气溶胶站点观测对各个量级的PM_(2.5)质量浓度预报质量最优。

Changes in Aerosol Optical Depth over the Arctic Ocean as Seen by CALIOP, MAIAC, and MODIS C6.1

Due to the recent increase in Arctic shipping, 2006-2020 June to October Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP), Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Collection 6.1 (C6.1), and Multi-Angle Implementation of Atmospheric Correction (MAIAC) retrieved aerosol optical depth (AOD) data were examined for changes in AOD from period 1 (P1, 2006-2012) to period 2 (P2, 2014-2020 (P2). Herein, AOD was statistically analyzed on a 0.25° × 0.25° grid and in the airsheds over the various ocean basins over the Arctic north of 59.75°N. According to heatmaps of the correlation between AOD and ship traffic, and AOD and fire emissions for the airsheds, all three AOD products captured the observed inter-annual variability in wildfire occurrence well, and showed wildfire emissions over Siberia were more severe in P2 than P1. Except for the Atlantic, North, and Baltic Seas, Beaufort Sea, and Barents Sea, all three AOD products indicated that AOD was higher over the various basins in P2 than P1, but disagreed on the magnitude. This fact suggests that the detection of changes in the typical low AOD over the Arctic Ocean might be rather qualitative than quantitative. While all products captured increases in AOD due to ships at berth, only MODIS C6.1 caught the elevated AOD due to shipping on the Siberian rivers. Obviously, sub-daily resolutions are required to capture increased AOD due to short-term events like a traveling ship or short-interval fire.

Spatial and temporal gradients in the rate of dust deposition and aerosol optical thickness in southwestern Iran

The southwestern Iran is one of the regions that are most prone to dust events.The objective of this study is the analysis of the spatial and temporal distributions of dust deposition rate as a key factor for finding the relative impact of the dust.First,the monthly mean aerosol optical thickness(AOT)from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS)was analyzed and compared with the dust amount variations from ground deposition rate(GDR),and the results were further used to investigate the spatial and temporal distributions of dust events in southwestern Iran for the period between 2014 and 2015.Moving air mass trajectories,using the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory(HYSPLIT)model,were proven to be a discriminator of their local and regional origin.The results from GDR analysis produced a correlation coefficient between dust event history and deposition rates at dust magnitudes of>0.93 that is meaningful at the 95%confidence level.Furthermore,the deposition rates varied from 3 g/m2 per month in summer to 10 g/m2 per month in spring and gave insight into the transport direction of the dust.Within the same time series,AOT correspondences with MODIS on Terra in four aerosol thickness layers(clean,thin,thick,and strong thick)were shown in relation to each other.The deepest mixed layers were observed in spring and summer with a thickness of approximately 3500 m above ground level in the study area.Investigations of ground-based observations were correlated with the same variations for each aerosol thickness layer from MODIS images and they can be applied to discriminate layers of aeolian dust from layers of other aerosols.Together,dust distribution plots from AOT participated to enhance mass calculations and estimation deposition rates from the thick and strong thick aerosol thickness layers using the results from GDR.Despite all the advances of AOT,under certain circumstances,ground-based observations are better able to represent aerosol conditions over the study area,which were tested in southwestern Iran,even though the low number of observations is a commonly acknowledged drawback of GDR.

Aerosol Optical Properties Affected by a Strong Dust Storm over Central and Northern China

Aerosol observational data at 8 ground-based observation sites in the Chinese Sun Hazemeter Network （CSHNET） were analyzed to characterize the optical properties of aerosol particles during the strong dust storm of 16-21 April 2005. The observational aerosol optical depth （AOD） increased significantly during this dust storm at sites in Beijing city （86%）, Beijing forest （84%）, Xianghe （13%）, Shapotou （27%）, Shenyang （47%）, Shanghai （23%）, and Jiaozhou Bay （24%）. The API （air pollution index） in Beijing and Tianjin also had a similar rise during the dust storm, while the Angstrhm exponent （a） declined evidently at sites in Beijing city （21%）, Beijing forest （39%）, Xianghe （19%）, Ordos （77%）, Shapotou （50%）, Shanghai （12%）, and Jiaozhou Bay （21%）, respectively. Furthermore, The observational AOD and a demonstrated contrary trends during M1 storm stages （pre-dust storm, dust storm, and post-dust storm）, with the AOD indicating an obvious ＂Valley Peak-Valley＂ pattern of variation, while a demonstrated a ＂Peak-Valley- Peak＂ pattern. In addition, the dust module in a regional climate model （RegCM3） simulated the dust storm occurrence and track accurately and RegCM3 was able to basically simulate the trends in AOD. The simulation results for the North China stations were the best, and the simulation for dust-source stations was on the high side, while the simulation was on the low side for coastal sites.

Features of aerosol optical depth and its relation to extreme temperatures in China during 1980–2001

Based on Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer （TOMS） monthly aerosol optical thickness （AOT） measurements in 1980–2001 a study is made of space/time patterns and difference between land and sea of AOT 0.50 μm thick over China,which are put into correlation analysis with synchronous extreme temperature indices （warm/cold day and night）.Results suggest that 1） the long-term mean AOT over China is characterized by typical geography,with pronounced land-sea contrast.And AOT has significant seasonality and its seasonal difference is diminished as a function of latitude.2） On the whole,the AOT displays an appreciably increasing trend,with the distinct increase in the eastern Qinghai-Tibetan plateau and SW China,North China,the mid-lower Changjiang （MiLY） valley as well as the South China Sea,but marginal decrease over western/northern Xinjiang and part of South China.3） The AOT over land and sea is marked by conspicuous intra-seasonal and -yearly oscillations,with remarkable periods at one-,two-yr and more （as interannual periods）.4） Land AOT change is well correlated with extremely temperature indexes.Generally,the correlations of AOT to the extreme temperature indices are more significant in Eastern China with 110 ° E as the division.Their high-correlation regions are along the Southern China coastline,the Loess Plateau and the Sichuan Basin,and even higher in North China Plain and the mid-lower Changjiang River reaches.5） Simulations of LMDZ-regional model indicate that aerosol effects may result in cooling all over China,particularly in Eastern China.The contribution of aerosol change may result in more decrease in the maximum temperature than the minimum,with decrease of 0.11/0.08 K for zonal average,respectively.

Spike in phytoplankton biomass in Greenland Sea during 2009 and the correlations among chlorophyll-a,aerosol optical depth and ice cover

The distributions and correlations of chlorophyll-a(Chl-a),aerosol optical depth(AOD)and ice cover in the southeast Arctic Ocean-Greenland Sea(10°W–10°E,70°–80°N)between 2003 and 2009 were studied using satellite data and statistical analyses.Regression analysis showed correlations between Chl-a and AOD,Chl-a and ice cover,and AOD and ice cover with different time lags.The time lag of Chl-a and AOD indicated their long-term equilibrium relationship.Peaks in AOD and Chl-a and generally occurred in May and July,respectively.Despite the time lag,the correlation between Chl-a and AOD in the study region was as high as 0.7.The peak gap between Chl-a and AOD shifted for about 6 weeks during 2003–2009.In the summer and autumn of 2009,Chl-a and AOD levels were much higher than during the other years,especially in the northern band of the study region(75°–80°N).The driving forces for this localized increase in phytoplankton biomass could be mainly attributed to the very high rate of ice melting in spring and early summer and the high wind speed in autumn,together with the increased deposition of aerosol throughout the year.The unusually high AOD in the spring of 2003 was mainly due to a massive fi re in Russia,which occurred in the fi rst half of the year.Over the 7 years of the study,the sea surface temperature generally decreased.This may have been due to the release of dimethylsulfi de into the air,excreted in large amounts from abundant phytoplankton biomass,and its subsequent reaction,form large amounts of aerosol,and resulting in regional cooling.

Annual observation and analysis of aerosol optical properties in Tianjin coastland

Seasonal variation of the Tianjin coastal atmospheric aerosol opticalproperties are important for improving the atmosphere correction precision of marinesatellite and learning the environment of the boundary between the Bohai Sea and theland. In this paper, the aerosol optical data of Tianjin coastal area from April 2010 toMay 2011 were observed by using the CE317 Solar Photometer, and the aerosol opticalproperties were analyzed. The results show that: Aerosol Optical Thickness (AOT)spectra are basically in accord with Angstrom relationship; there are three basic typesof AOT daily variations, which are rising type, levelling type, and declining type; inTianjin Coastland, the mean value of AOT is highest in autumn, which is 0.686. Thevalue is lower in spring and summer, and hits the lowest point in winter. Angstromexponent α increases successively from spring, summer, autumn to winter. Due to thedusty, the angstrom exponent α in spring is lowest, the mean of which is 0.854.Compared with Qingdao Coastland, the atmospheric aerosol optical properties presentcharacteristics of regionality.

Real Time Derivation of Atmospheric Aerosol Optical Properties by Concurrent Measurements of Optical and Sampling Instruments

The understanding of aerosol properties in troposphere, especially their behavior near the ground level, is indispensable for precise evaluation of their impact on the Earth’s radiation studies. Although a sunphotometer or a skyradiometer can provide the aerosol optical thickness (AOT), their application is limited to daytime under near cloud free conditions. In order to attain the multi-wavelength observation for both day- and night-time including cloudy conditions, here we propose a novel monitoring technique by means of simultaneous measurement using a nephelometer (450, 550, and 700 nm), an aethalometer (370, 470, 520, 590, 660, 880, and 950 nm), and a visibility meter (550 nm). On the basis of the multi-wavelength data of scattering and absorption coefficients from the nephelometer and aethalometer, respectively, first we calculate the real-time values of aerosol extinction coefficient in addition to the Angstrom exponent (AE). Then, correction of these values is carried out by comparing the resulting extinction coefficient with the corresponding value obtained from the optical data of visibility-meter. The major reason for this correction is the loss of relatively coarse particles due to the aerodynamic effect as well as evaporation of water content from particles during the sampling procedure. Then, with the ancillary data of vertical aerosol profile obtained with a lidar (532 nm), the temporal change of AOT is estimated. In this way, information from the sampling can be converted to the ambient properties in the atmospheric boundary layer. Furthermore, daytime data from a sunphotometer (368, 500, 675, and 778 nm) and a skyradiometer (340, 380, 400, 500, 675, 870, and 1020 nm) are used to validate the resulting AOT values. From the overall procedure, we can estimate the AE and AOT values from the sampling data, with uncertainties of approximately 5% for AE and 10% for AOT. Such a capability will be useful for studying aerosol properties throughout 24 hours regardless of the solar radiation and cloud coverage.

Determining the environmental and atmospheric effects of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)quarantining by studying the total aerosol optical depth,black carbon,organic matter,and sulfate in Blida City of Algeria

Background:To study,estimate and discuss the variations of the aerosol optical depth(AOD),black carbon,sulfate and organic matter,in the atmosphere in Blida City of Algeria,which was greatly affected by COVID-19 pandemic.Methods:We analyzed the effects of changes in the total AOD,black carbon,sulfate,and organic matter in the atmosphere(λ=550 nm)in the same period of 2019 and 2020,following the COVID-19 epidemic in Blida City,which was the most-affected city in Algeria.Results:The quarantine that was enacted to limit the spread of COVID-19 resulted in side effects that were identifiable in the total AOD and in some of its atmospheric components.Comparing these variables in 2019 and 2020(in the months during the quarantine)revealed that in April,the BCAOD values were much lower in 2020than in 2019.Conclusion:Based on the effects of the emerging COVID-19,the research listed the changes received from the AOD,and is considered as a comparative study and represents a significant side effect of the quarantine that was mainly designed to limit COVID-19.

城市AOD时空分布及与颗粒物浓度关系研究

由于不同区域的气候背景和污染物排放情况不同,导致气溶胶光学厚度在不同区域与颗粒物浓度的关系存在差异,因此,研究城市AOD时空分布及与颗粒物浓度关系。将山东省作为研究区域,结合深蓝算法和暗像元法,根据采集的数据反演气溶胶光学厚度,分析气溶胶光学厚度在各个地区的分布情况,获取气溶胶光学厚度的日变化情况和月变化情况,引入Pearson相关系数法获取相关性变化情况,分析结果表明,两者之间的Pearson相关系数低,并且进行垂直修正和湿度修正分析结果,提高相关性分析结果的精度。

冬春两湖盆地地区大气气溶胶污染的年代际变化特征及其与东亚经向风南北反相位的联系

基于MERRA-2及ERA5逐月再分析资料,本文采用EOF分析、线性回归和合成分析等方法,分析了1980~2020年长江流域中游两湖盆地地区气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)的年代际变化特征及东亚经向风南北反位相模态对其的影响。结果表明,在年代际尺度上两湖盆地地区AOD呈现非线性的变化趋势,20世纪80、90年代处于低值,21世纪初AOD持续升高,2010年后开始下降。空间场上表现为全区一致的变化特征,高值区主要位于两湖盆地中部,以洞庭湖为中心呈南北纵向分布。进一步对两湖盆地AOD年代际变化与大气环流异常关系的分析表明,在东亚经向风南北反相模的影响下,偏北风输送是影响两湖盆地AOD年代际变化的主要气象原因。在年代际尺度上,当西伯利亚高压的强度、面积增大,东亚大槽西移,西北太平洋副热带高压脊线南移时,东亚经向风南北反相模趋于正相位(即长江以北有异常偏南风、长江以南有异常偏北风)。此时,两湖盆地位于气旋性环流异常的底部,在异常的偏北风的作用下,西北地区的气溶胶向两湖盆地输送加强。且两湖盆地处于两个异常气旋性环流的中间,气压梯度小,风速偏弱,使得两湖盆地气溶胶输入大于输出,促进21世纪初AOD年代际升高。

夏季东亚地区AOD与地面太阳辐射变化的联系及季风环流异常:季节趋势影响

利用2000—2013年MODIS-Terra卫星产品提供的气溶胶光学厚度(aerosol optical depth,AOD)资料及NCEP/NCAR再分析资料集,使用奇异值分解(singular value decomposition,SVD)方法,分析了夏季东亚地区AOD与到达地面太阳辐射(downward solar radiation flux,DSRF)相联系的主要模态,并分析了其与夏季风变化的关系。夏季多年平均的AOD分布显示,在东亚地区存在两个AOD大值区(>0.9),分别位于山东、河南、河北交界处附近以及苏中部分地区。而在福建、台湾及其附近洋面上,夏季AOD的值小于0.4。地面太阳辐射总体上呈现出由南往北递增的分布。比较发现,AOD与地面太阳辐射的气候分布较为相似。在保留季节趋势的情况下,运用SVD方法对两者进行分解,结果表明东亚地区AOD与地面太阳辐射表现出较好的正相关关系。由于相对于年际变化而言,季节趋势是更为主要的部分,因而这种同相关系可归因于季风活动的季节性进程。利用SVD1左场时间系数进行相关分析发现:6月(2013年除外),当中国东部气溶胶AOD大而地面太阳辐射亦大时,在中国东南部以及日本岛南部地区,由于气流辐合增强和存在较强的上升运动,降水偏多,而由于副高位置偏南,使得中国中东部偏北地区水汽供应偏弱,降水偏少。由于地面净太阳辐射增强,华北部分地区异常增暖。8月,大陆上空AOD为负(时间系数为负),地面太阳辐射减少,北方降水增多而南方降水减少,华北地区有一小范围的异常降温。上述结果表明北方气溶胶明显偏少时,云量增加,降水将增多,且辐射明显减弱;说明夏季风的季节进程对气溶胶、到达地面的太阳辐射变化等具有重要影响。

中国东部AOD等级变化及与东亚夏季风的联系

利用2000年3月～2017年1月Terra卫星反演的最新版本C06的MODIS气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)、NCEP fnl全球业务分析数据、CMAP降水、CERES SYN1deg Ed4月平均资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料等,依据区域平均AOD距平的显著年际变化特征,将历年AOD划分为5个不同的污染等级,并探讨了不同污染等级的局地成因及其与季风环流的联系.结果表明,夏季中国东部地区AOD异常偏大与地面风速小、中高层季风环流系统不利于气溶胶扩散有关.气溶胶污染最重(最轻)时,气溶胶与到达地面的太阳短波辐射、地面气温、风速及降水存在密切联系;在其他污染等级下,除了与到达地面的短波辐射有密切关系外,与其他量的联系并不明显.气溶胶污染严重时,到达地面的太阳短波辐射相对减小,地面气温异常偏低,低层大气冷却,地面风速减小,地面降水呈现南多北少的变化特征;反之,气溶胶污染较轻时,到达地面的太阳短波辐射相对增加,地面气温异常偏高,低层大气加热,地面风速增大,地面降水呈现南少北多的变化特征.

基于CE-318观测的甘肃省气溶胶光学特性分析

对于大气气溶胶地基观测资料的定量分析是了解气溶胶光学特性和大气污染特征的基本途径,可为探讨污染治理方向提供一定的依据。近年来,利用地基观测资料分析甘肃省不同区域气溶胶光学特性的研究较少。为了解甘肃省不同下垫面的大气气溶胶光学特性,本文基于2018年4月至2020年9月CE-318型太阳光度计观测资料,通过ASTPwin软件反演获得了甘肃省四个站点的气溶胶光学厚度AOD,计算了Angstrom波长指数α,分析了甘肃省不同区域不同季节AOD和α的分布和变化特征以及气溶胶光学厚度和波长指数的关系。结果表明:(1)观测时段内,所有站点各波段AOD的变化趋于一致,且AOD值随波长增大而减小。兰州和皋兰山AOD值冬季最高,春、秋季次之,夏季最低,兰州冬、春季AOD值分别比年均值超出14.98%和4.68%,皋兰山冬季AOD值比年均值超出3.88%。敦煌和民勤AOD值均为春季最高,比各自的年均值高出24.49%和26.30%。敦煌AOD季节分布为:春季>夏季>冬季>秋季,而民勤则表现为从春到冬季逐渐减小的趋势。(2)兰州和皋兰山春夏季主控粒子为粗模态,秋冬季则为细颗粒物主导。敦煌和民勤大气气溶胶常年由粗模态粒子主控。2019年冬季,兰州市区AOD值比其城郊的皋兰山高出68.0%;敦煌和民勤2019年春季沙尘气溶胶污染较为严重,敦煌AOD值比民勤超出42.42%。(3)四个站点AOD和α的频率分布均呈单峰曲线,不同季节AOD高频次分布范围存在差异性,但都处于1.0以下。α的高频次范围分布较为复杂,兰州春季、皋兰山春夏季、敦煌四季、民勤春夏秋季,α分布区间均小于1.0,而兰州夏秋冬季、皋兰山秋冬季、民勤冬季α主要分布于1.1以上。(4)不同季节AOD和α的关系存在差异,表现为不同季节,大气出现严重或者局部污染时,气溶胶的主控粒子粒径大小不同。春季大气出现局部或者严重污染、夏季大气局部污染时,四个站点气溶胶主要是大粒径粒子,其中沙尘气溶胶的贡献较大。夏季大气处于严重污染时,皋兰山气溶胶主要是细模态粒子,兰州、敦煌、民勤气溶胶依然由粗模态主控,但是兰州小粒径粒子导致的污染比重高于其余两站,其中85%以上属于城市工业-气溶胶污染。秋季大气处于严重污染状况时,兰州和皋兰山均由细模态粒子主导,其中城市工业-气溶胶占比明显增加,而敦煌和民勤依然由粗模态粒子主导,其中沙尘气溶胶占比偏重。冬季大气严重污染时,兰州依然由细模态粒子主导,而其他三站由粗模态粒子占据主导地位,冬季大气局部污染时,敦煌和民勤粗模态粒子与细模态粒子同时出现,皋兰山以细模态粒子为主。分析可知,总体上甘肃偏北地区气溶胶污染以沙尘气溶胶为主,而偏南地区气溶胶污染表现为粗模态与细模态粒子交替出现,这为下一步结合卫星遥感资料研究甘肃不同区域的气溶胶特性及大气污染特征提供了一些参考。

自贡市城区MAIAC AOD和PM_(2.5)时空特征及气象因素分析

为研究四川省自贡市城区PM_(2.5)浓度[ρ(PM_(2.5))]时空污染特征及其与气象条件的关系,选取2014—2019年逐日国控站点空气质量监测数据以及基于MODIS的MCD19A2产品数据提取的研究区同期逐日气溶胶光学厚度(AOD),分别进行时空特征分析,并对气温、气压、风向、风速、降雨量、相对湿度等气象参数与ρ(PM_(2.5))的相关性进行分析。结果表明,自贡市城区ρ(PM_(2.5))呈春秋冬季高、夏季低的时间特征,月尺度浓度大值期主要在1月、2月和12月,空间上则表现为工业生产总值高、交通运输频繁、人口较为密集以及受上风向污染源传输影响的大安区、高新区较高;AOD年均大值区主要在研究区中部偏东偏南部,2014年、2017年大部分区域以及2015年中部偏东区域气溶胶污染相对严重,2016年污染较轻,2018年和2019年污染有显著改善;自贡市城区ρ(PM_(2.5))与四季的降雨量、春秋冬季的风速、夏冬季的相对湿度表现出较高的负相关性,且在春夏冬季随气温升高和气压降低而增大;自贡市城区非夏季风向以东北风为主,ρ(PM_(2.5))超标时的风向多为偏东北风和东南风,表明上风向污染源的输入使得ρ(PM_(2.5))超标。

城市AOD时空分布及与颗粒物浓度关系研究

城市气溶胶光学厚度的研究对区域性大气污染的防治有重要作用,文章以GIS为平台,探讨了德州市2012年(采暖季、风沙季和非采暖季)气溶胶光学厚度的时空分布特征以及AOD与近地面颗粒物浓度的关系。结果表明:2012年德州市气溶胶光学厚度时间变化趋势为风沙季>采暖季>非采暖季,采用提出的能见度大气总订正因子,能使修正后的TSP、PM10、PM2.5与AOD的线性相关系数分别达到0.714、0.649和0.657,在二次回归方程中相关系数分别达到了0.727、0.701和0.686。

北京市Himawari-8 AOD与PM2.5质量浓度相关性分析

基于2016年Himawari-8 AOD产品、地面监测PM2.5质量浓度以及相关气象资料,分析了北京市AOD与PM2.5质量浓度的相关性。通过与全球自动观测网AOD产品比较,对Himawari-8 AOD进行精度评估,结果显示二者表现出显著的相关性,表明Himawari-8 AOD产品能有效表征气溶胶光学厚度的变化,适用于北京地区气溶胶的相关研究。研究结果表明:Himawari-8 AOD数据与近地面PM2.5质量浓度相关性较弱,决定系数R^2为0.3842。以气象资料中边界层高度对Himawari-8 AOD进行垂直订正,订正后AOD与PM2.5的相关性显著提高,决定系数R^2为0.4832。引入相对湿度进行湿度订正及垂直-湿度订正,二者的相关性显著降低。结合IMPROVE观测的气溶胶吸湿增长特征,采用相对湿度分区订正的方法可以提高Himawari-8 AOD与近地面PM2.5的相关性,可作为辅助监测北京市近地面PM2.5质量浓度的有效方法。

基于时空回归克里格和AOD数据的PM2.5时空插值

基于京津冀地区2016年PM 2.5浓度监测数据和MOD04的10 km分辨率气溶胶数据,结合时空位置,建立PM 2.5回归模型,使用时空回归克里格方法对京津冀地区进行PM 2.5时空插值,对比研究时空回归克里格与只使用监测站数据的普通时空克里格方法的时空插值结果。结果表明,两种方法的插值结果时空趋势相同,京津冀地区东南部PM 2.5浓度较高,夏秋两季浓度低于春冬两季;时空回归克里格插值结果的均方根误差为26.1,时空克里格插值结果均方根误差为28.3,即兼顾时空趋势并结合气溶胶数据的时空回归克里格插值精度提高了约8%。

The Seasonal Variations of Aerosols over East Asia as Jointly Inferred from MODIS and OMI

Data on aerosol optical thickness(AOT) and single scattering albedo(SSA) derived from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer(MODIS) and Ozone Monitoring Instrument(OMI) measurements,respectively,are used jointly to examine the seasonal variations of aerosols over East Asia.The seasonal signals of the total AOT are well defined and nearly similar over the land and over the ocean.These findings indicate a natural cycle of aerosols that originate primarily from natural emissions. In contrast,the small-sized aerosols represented by the fine-mode AOT,which are primarily generated over the land by human activities,do not have evident seasonalscale fluctuations.A persistent maximum of aerosol loadings centered over the Sichuan basin is associated with considerable amounts of fine-mode aerosols throughout the year.Most regions exhibit a general spring maximum. During the summer,however,the aerosol loadings are the most marked over north central China.This occurrence may result from anthropogenic fine particles,such as sulfate and nitrate.Four typical regions were selected to perform a covariation analysis of the monthly gridded AOT and SSA.Over southwestern and southeastern China,if the aerosol loadings are small to moderate they are composed primarily of the highly absorptive aerosols. However,more substantial aerosol loadings probably represent less-absorptive aerosols.The opposite covariation pattern occurring over the coastal-adjacent oceans suggests that the polluted oceanic atmosphere is closely correlated with the windward terrestrial aerosols.North central China is strongly affected by dust aerosols that show moderate absorption.This finding may explain the lower variability in the SSA that accompanies increasing aerosol loadings in this region.