The Pontecorvo Affaire Reappraised： Five Decades of Cold War Spy-Stories （1948-1998）

In August 1950, the nuclear physicist Bruno Pontecorvo suddenly left Rome for Stockholm and disappeared without leaving any trace. Pontecorvo had joined the British atomic bomb project. His abrupt disappearance quickly became an international affaire, causing much concern to the western intelligence services, who were worried about the escape of atomic secrets to the Soviet Union, especially after Fuchs＇ famous case. In the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics （USSR）, Pontecorvo was welcomed with honour, but also isolated from the rest of the world for many decades. He always denied any direct involvement in the Soviet nuclear programme. According to him, he moved to Russia because of his socialist beliefs, working only on particle physics and peaceful applications of atomic energy. Who was really Bruno Pontecorvo？ A pacifist like Robert Oppenheimer or a communist agent like Klaus Fuchs？ Did he have access to any information about the Manhattan Project during the war, thanks to his friendship with Enrico Fermi？ Did he spy on the Anglo-Canadian programme like Igor Gouzenko, before moving to Russia？ Did he join Soviet military projects across more than 30 years in Dubna？ The author will discuss how the perception of Pontecorvo＇s case changed in the public opinion from the 1950s until the 1990s, as a mirror of the tensions between the two blocks. The whole affaire was object of harsh political confrontation in Italy for almost 50 years. Therefore, the author will also focus on the role played by the Italian communists in Pontecorvo＇s defection to the USSR as well as on such a local debate, which reflects the history of the post-war Italian Communist Party （PCI） until the end of the Cold War.

Paradiplomacy for Non-recognized States:Case of Palestine

This paper endeavours to elucidate the intricacies of Palestinian Paradiplomacy,focusing in the political impetus pioneered by its principle actors,namely the Palestine Liberation Organisation(PLO)and subsequently,the establishment of the Palestinian National Authority(PNA).Additionally,attention will be directed towards the creation of the Palestinian Ministry of Foreign Affairs(PMOFA)and its subsidiary,the Palestinian International Cooperation Agency(PICA),albeit briefly discussed.Drawing inspiration from Alexander S.Kuznetsov’s seminal work“Theory and Practice of Paradiplomacy:Subnational Governments in International Affairs”(2015),this paper tries to scrutinize the trajectory of Palestinian paradiplomacy and its evolutionary course over time.When it comes to activity and growth,Palestinian paradiplomacy has a unique profile.The way in which topics pertaining to nations are not yet recognized has a great deal of bearing on current discussions and academic research about urgent political concerns like the right to self-determination and human rights.The analysis of de facto states via the prism of paradiplomacy naturally arises from the dominant state recognition procedures in international politics.

ON CHINESE MEDIA

Chinese Studies in the World People’s Tribune Issue 7,2024 With China’s ever increasingly important role in economic development and international affairs,the study of contemporary China has become a global academic pursuit.With the growth of academic research and globalization over the last centuries,Chinese studies are no longer merely research on China,but rather a way to understand the world humans live in by discovering China’s relationship with the world.

A Rebalancing Role

China’s evolving role in global affairs presents a narrative of progressive engagement,marked by a proactive stance on issues of trust,fairness,peace and stability.The country’s emergence as a significant player on the world stage is characterised not merely by economic prowess,but also by a growing commitment to mediating conflicts,fostering cooperation,and promoting mutual development.China’s burgeoning influence through various diplomatic initiatives and engagements has implications for the contemporary international order.

Greater Voice for Global South

The African Union's(AU)admission as a new G20 member is a diplomatic breakthrough and a major step towards a more balanced world order in favour of the developing nations.In September,the G20 Summit in Delhi,India,accepted the AU as its new member,giving the continent a greater voice in the global economic affairs.

Research on Enterprise Legal Service Strategy Based on Compliance Management Optimization

With the background of enterprise compliance management,this paper discusses how to improve the level of enterprise legal service and reduce enterprise legal risks by optimizing the compliance management system.It aims to analyze the current situation and existing problems of enterprise legal services through the analysis of the importance of compliance management.Furthermore,it delves into the case of enterprise legal service strategy based on compliance management optimization to verify the effectiveness and feasibility of enterprise legal service strategy.

Green Drug Supply Chain Investigation by Time-Market Balance and Risk

The quality of pharmaceutical products plays a crucial role in healthcare systems such as hospitals for better patient services. Drug Supply Chain Management requires approaches to uncertainty and risk consideration. This study is a comprehensive multi-objective mathematical model considering the uncertainties and potential reserves in supply and medicine. The proposed model includes three general objective functions that minimize total production costs, including the costs of transportation, maintenance, breakdown, collection, and disposal of waste. The model also maximizes the quality of potential storage. The results show the proposed method has a high quality to solve the model and leads to the optimization of the results to provide the drug supply chain for the proposed example. We have identified three important risks and uncertainties in addressing drug supply planning: the indefinite duration of the licensing process, the risk of a forced brand change, and indefinite repayment levels that lead to varied demand diversification. The results of comparison with other multi-objective optimization methods in existing articles also show better performance of the proposed model. A significant cost reduction results from implementing our model instead of using the over-storage role to estimate the volume of active drug elements, as seen in today’s industry.

Information Management in Disaster and Humanitarian Response: A Case in United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs

To guarantee a unified response to disasters, humanitarian organizations work together via the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA). Although the OCHA has made great strides to improve its information management and increase the availability of accurate, real-time data for disaster and humanitarian response teams, significant gaps persist. There are inefficiencies in the emergency management of data at every stage of its lifecycle: collection, processing, analysis, distribution, storage, and retrieval. Disaster risk reduction and disaster risk management are the two main tenets of the United Nations’ worldwide plan for disaster management. Information systems are crucial because of the crucial roles they play in capturing, processing, and transmitting data. The management of information is seldom discussed in published works. The goal of this study is to employ qualitative research methods to provide insight by facilitating an expanded comprehension of relevant contexts, phenomena, and individual experiences. Humanitarian workers and OCHA staffers will take part in the research. The study subjects will be chosen using a random selection procedure. Online surveys with both closed- and open-ended questions will be used to compile the data. UN OCHA offers a structure for the handling of information via which all humanitarian actors may contribute to the overall response. This research will enable the UN Office for OCHA better gather, process, analyze, disseminate, store, and retrieve data in the event of a catastrophe or humanitarian crisis.

一鸣惊人

一鸣惊人最早出自《韩非子·喻老》,本指鸟鸣叫一声就使人震惊,后用以比喻平时表现平平,一做起来就取得突出的成绩。It had been three years since King Zhuang of Chu 1)ascended the throne,but he had neither 2)issued a decree nor dealt with any state affairs.Furthermore,there were no deeds worth mentioning.All the officials of the court couldn’t understand what was the matter.

Brimming With Events

Highlights of key developments in China-Africa affairs in 2022 Light Show Held at Cairo Tower for Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games On 24 January,the Cairo Tower in Cairo,Egypt,was illuminated with a light show featuring the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games,10 days before the opening of the games.

Selection and Application of Current Affairs and Politics Materials in Political Classroom Teaching in Senior High School

Based on the status quo of political education in high school,current affairs and politics materials are utilized as an example in this paper to analyze and discuss the value of the proper use of current affairs and politics materials in high school political classroom teaching.In addition,the paper also discusses the principles that should be adhered to in selecting materials for use in political classroom teaching.The purpose of this article is to provide guidelines to high school political subject teachers in selecting and applying the current affairs and politics materials reasonably.

辽代北方城市的兴建和商业的繁荣

辽代北方城市的兴建和商业的繁荣申友良在中国长城以北的北方草原上，真正有计划、大规模地兴建城市，是从辽代开始的。这个过程一直持续到元朝灭亡为止。这些城市的出现，不仅有利于统治阶级的政治需要，而且有利于形成一个个手工业生产和商业交换中心，促进所在地区整个...

辅导员在大数据时代下学生事务的量化管理——以韶关学院物理与机电工程学院为例

新时期辅导员所面对高校学生的关注点越来越多,管理工作要求越来越细,如何实现对学生基本情况的及时掌握,需要革新现行的管理办法,探索为学生建立数据库,把学生在日常的表现以数据进行记录,结合数据的分析,了解学生,管理学生、指导学生最后达到提高学生的目的。

当代中国文学的海外学术研究——基于The Australian Journal of Chinese Affairs的考察

通过对澳大利亚学术期刊The Australian Journal of Chinese Affairs的考察,发现中国文学研究在该刊占有很高的比例。从编辑和作者来看,澳大利亚汉学家中中国文学研究的学者占有显著地位,他们翻译、研究中国当代文学和当代中国社会。从研究内容来看,主要包括作家作品研究、文学流派研究、文学体裁研究和中国文学的海外传播研究。从创新程度来看,澳大利亚当代中国文学研究扩大了汉学概念所包含的范围,提升了中国当代文学在学术话语系统中的地位,扩大了中国当代文学在世界上的影响。

谈公安专科学校的专业和课程建设

专业建设和课程建设是影响学校教学的重要因素，但面临困扰颇多。首先，表现为办学过程中，强调特色过多，遵循普通高等教育规律意识淡薄，“重专轻综”，导致专业设置过窄，课程建设过专，忽视了对普通高等教育规律的认识与实践，在专业建设和课程建设上尤为是之。基本上...

汉译英实用技巧介绍(Ⅸ)——状语的修饰问题

在汉语中,状语的位置相对来说比较固定。但在英语中,状语的位置比较灵活。汉译英时应摆脱汉语结构的影响,灵活地安排状语位置,使修饰关系变得更清楚。在汉语中,特别是在法规文件中,会出现一些长句,其英译文自然也很长,也就比较容易产生状语修饰关系不清的现象。总结起来,主要有以下两种问题:①状语可能会离被修饰对象太远,从而导致读者看不清两者之间的关系;②状语本应修饰两个对象,但由于位置安排不妥,事实上只能修饰一个对象。以下介绍处理这两个问题的办法。

All-cause hospitalizations for inflammatory bowel diseases:Can the reason for admission provide information on inpatient resource use?A study from a large veteran affairs hospital

Background:Inflammatory bowel diseases(IBDs) are group of chronic inflammatory illnesses with a remitting and relapsing course that may result in appreciable morbidity and high medical costs secondary to repeated hospitalizations.The study's objectives were to identify the reasons for hospitalization among patients with IBDs,and compare inpatient courses and readmission rates for IBD-related admissions versus non-IBD-related admissions.Methods:A retrospective chart review was performed on all patients with IBD admitted to the Minneapolis Veterans Affairs(VA) Medical Center between September 2010 and September 2012.Results:A total of 111 patients with IBD were admitted during the 2-year study period.IBD flares/complications accounted for 36.9% of the index admissions.Atherothrombotic events comprised the second most common cause of admissions(14.4%) in IBD patients.Patients with an index admission directly related to IBD were significantly younger and had developed IBD more recently.Unsurprisingly,the IBD admission group had significantly more gastrointestinal endoscopies and abdominal surgeries,and was more likely to be started on medication for IBD during the index stay.The median length of stay(LOS) for the index hospitalization for an IBD flare or complication was 4(2–8) days compared with 2(1–4) days for the other patients(P=0.001).A smaller percentage of the group admitted for an IBD flare/complication had a shorter ICU stay compared with the other patients(9.8% vs.15.7%,respectively); however,their ICU LOSs tended to be longer(4.5 vs.2.0 days,respectively,P=0.17).Compared to the other admission types,an insignificantly greater percentage of the group whose index admission was related to an IBD flare or complication had at least one readmission within 6 months of discharge(29% versus 21%; P=0.35).The rate of admission was approximately 80% greater in the group whose index admission was related to an IBD flare or complication compared to the other types of admission(rate ratio 1.8,95% confidence interval 0.96 to 3.4),although this difference did not reach statistical significance(P=0.07).Conclusion:Identifying the reasons for the patients' index admission,IBD flares versus all other causes,may provide valuable information concerning admission care and the subsequent admission history.

Harmonious World and Neo-idealism

Chinese leaders have time and again talked about the wish to build a"harmonious world."The authors believe that this can be seen as a new attempt to deal with world affairs using the doctrine of idealism or neo-idealism.Unlike the failed idealism of the early years in last century, the authors believe that this time neo-idealism has a fairly good chance of succeeding due to changes of the international environment.

Risk factors for 90-day readmission in veterans with inflammatory bowel disease——Does post-discharge follow-up matter?

Background: Repeat hospitalizations in veterans with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) are under studied. The early readmission rate and potentially modifiable risk-factors for 90-day readmission in veterans with IBD were studied to avert avoidable readmissions.Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the data from veterans who were admitted to the Minneapolis VA Medical Center(MVMC) between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2013, for an IBD-related problem. All-cause readmissions within 30 and 90 days were recorded to calculate early readmission rates. The multivariate logistic regression was used to identify the potential risk factors for 90-day readmission.Results: There were 130 unique patients(56.9% with Crohn's disease and 43.1% with ulcerative colitis) with 202 IBD-related index admissions. The mean age at the time of index admission was 59.8±15.2 years. The median time to re-hospitalization was 26 days(IQR 10-49), with 30-and 90-day readmission rates of 17.3%(35/202) and 29.2%(59/202), respectively. Reasons for all-cause readmission were IBD-related(71.2%), scheduled surgery(3.4%) and non-gastrointestinal causes(25.4%). The following reasons were independently associated with 90-day readmission: Crohn's disease(OR 3.90; 95% CI 1.82-8.90), use of antidepressants(OR 2.19; 95% CI 1.12-4.32), and lack of follow-up within 90 days with a primary care physician(PCP)(OR 2.63; 95% CI 1.32-5.26) or a gastroenterologist(GI)(OR 2.44; 95% CI 1.20-5.00). 51.0% and 49.0% of patients had documentation of a recommended outpatient follow-up with PCP and/or GI, respectively.Conclusion: Early readmission in IBD is common. Independent risk factors for 90-day readmission included Crohn's disease, use of antidepressants and lack of follow-up visit with PCP or GI. Further research is required to determine if the appropriate timing of post-discharge follow-up can reduce IBD readmissions.

Functional food products in Japan:A review

Japan has a long history of using foods with health benefits and Japanese people are well-known for their longevity.In 1991,the Ministry of Health,Labor and Welfare introduced a functional food regulation called“foods for specified health uses”(FOSHU)in Japan.After the introduction of the functional food system,many clinically proven FOSHU products with health benefits have been developed and launched in the market.As a result,the net sales of FOSHU products reached 6.2 billion dollars in 2007.Most of the health claims relate to improving gastro-intestinal health using probiotics.Triglycerides,high blood pressure,high LDL-cholesterol,and high blood glucose are mainly associated with the related health claims.After 2007,the market for FOSHU products was almost saturated.However,a novel functional regulatory system\called“Foods with Function Claims”was established in 2015 based on the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act system established in the USA.Major health claims in the new regulation system are associated with fatigue,eyes,memory,stress,sleep,joints,blood flow,body temperature,muscles,and Body Mass Index.After the introduction of the new system,the total sales for functional foods including FOSHU products reached 8 billion dollars in 2018.The new functional regulatory system is more flexible in terms of health claims,the protocol for clinical studies,and the required results.Therefore,the market for new regulatory products is still growing.In the present paper,the potential of both regulatory systems and some related issues will be discussed.