To solve problems of surface integrity of GH4169 caused by tool wear during machining,residual stresses layers(RSL),deformation layers(DL),and surface roughness of machined surface were studied in this work.Jobs were ...To solve problems of surface integrity of GH4169 caused by tool wear during machining,residual stresses layers(RSL),deformation layers(DL),and surface roughness of machined surface were studied in this work.Jobs were done at the turning parameters of v_(c)=15 m/min and f_(z)=0.05 mm/r and ap=1 mm with6 different worn tools.Firstly,tool nose wear closes to minor flank face and how it influenced machined surface were discussed.Details were given by image processing and it concluded to 5 tool w ear states according to cutting time.Secondly,relationships between tool wear states and tensile residual stresses(RS)were built so the RS range is manageable by placing a cutting time limit.Thirdly,affected layers’depths were associated w ith tool wear and the consistency betw een RSL and DL was presented.At last,roughness values variation with cutting time were discussed.Results show that RS in peripheral direction is far larger than that in axial direction.The total cutting time of a tool should be controlled within 37 min and a time period 30-37 min before severely worn owns excellent cutting effects.Tensile RS of 400 M Pa can be set as a reference value for evaluating tool quality from angle of workpiece.展开更多
Laser shock peening（LSP） is a widely used surface treatment technique that can effectively improve the fatigue life and impact toughness of metal parts.Cr5Mo1 V steel exhibits a gradient hardened layer after a LSP p...Laser shock peening（LSP） is a widely used surface treatment technique that can effectively improve the fatigue life and impact toughness of metal parts.Cr5Mo1 V steel exhibits a gradient hardened layer after a LSP process.A new method is proposed to estimate the impact toughness that considers the changing mechanical properties in the gradient hardened layer.Assuming a linearly gradient distribution of impact toughness,the parameters controlling the impact toughness of the gradient hardened layer were given.The influence of laser power densities and the number of laser shots on the impact toughness were investigated.The impact toughness of the laser peened layer improves compared with an untreated specimen,and the impact toughness increases with the laser power densities and decreases with the number of laser shots.Through the fracture morphology analysis by a scanning electron microscope,we established that the Cr5Mo1 V steel was fractured by the cleavage fracture mechanism combined with a few dimples.The increase in the impact toughness of the material after LSP is observed because of the decreased dimension and increased fraction of the cleavage fracture in the gradient hardened layer.展开更多
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of acid etching on the bond strength of a universal adhesive system (Single Bond Universal, 3M) to caries-affected dentin. Forty permanent third molars were sele...The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of acid etching on the bond strength of a universal adhesive system (Single Bond Universal, 3M) to caries-affected dentin. Forty permanent third molars were selected and carious lesions were induced by the microbiological method with?S. mutans?ATCC25175. Teeth were allocated randomly across four experimental designs (n?=?10): PA-I: phosphoric acid etching and application of the adhesive system, followed by immediate microtensile bond strength testing;PA-CC: phosphoric acid etching and application of the adhesive system, followed by microtensile bond strength testing after a 14-day cariogenic challenge;NPA-I: application of the adhesive system without acid etching, followed by immediate bond strength testing and NPA-CC: application of the adhesive system without acid etching followed by bond strength testing after 14-day cariogenic challenge. For microtensile bond strength testing,?a restoration with Charisma composite resin was made and each specimen was sectioned with a cross-sectional area of 1 mm2. Only adhesive and mixed fractures were considered for bond strength calculation. Results were evaluated by the Kruskal-Wallis and Friedman tests. The highest bond strengths were observed in the phosphoric acid etching groups (p??0.05). Cariogenic challenge did not affect bond strength (p?>?0.05). The predominant fracture type was adhesive. We conclude that phosphoric acid increased the bond strength of the Single Bond Universal system to caries-affected dentin, and that cariogenic challenge did not interfere with this bond strength.展开更多
采用扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscopy,SEM)、维氏硬度仪和X射线衍射仪(X-ray diffraction,XRD)分别观测了不同磨削条件下淬硬轴承钢GCr15磨削表层的微观组织、显微硬度和残余应力,对淬硬轴承钢磨削变质层进行了系统的实验...采用扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscopy,SEM)、维氏硬度仪和X射线衍射仪(X-ray diffraction,XRD)分别观测了不同磨削条件下淬硬轴承钢GCr15磨削表层的微观组织、显微硬度和残余应力,对淬硬轴承钢磨削变质层进行了系统的实验研究.研究发现,磨削表层由表及里依次是白层、暗层和基体组织,暗层与白层的厚度之比在1.6～3.2之间变动.白层由致密的细晶马氏体、碳化物和残余奥氏体组成,而暗层由不同的回火组织构成,白层主要是磨削热和材料的强烈塑性变形共同作用的结果.白层硬度最大值达到983 HV,比基体组织高,而暗层硬度值仅为512 HV,较基体组织低.白层表面存在大小为612.24 MPa的残余拉应力,且随着白层的增厚而增大,而暗层则呈现出残余压应力.当白层较厚时,白层内会出现微裂纹,其中以贯穿白层的中位裂纹以及白层外侧和白层/暗层过渡区的横向裂纹居多.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51975034)。
文摘To solve problems of surface integrity of GH4169 caused by tool wear during machining,residual stresses layers(RSL),deformation layers(DL),and surface roughness of machined surface were studied in this work.Jobs were done at the turning parameters of v_(c)=15 m/min and f_(z)=0.05 mm/r and ap=1 mm with6 different worn tools.Firstly,tool nose wear closes to minor flank face and how it influenced machined surface were discussed.Details were given by image processing and it concluded to 5 tool w ear states according to cutting time.Secondly,relationships between tool wear states and tensile residual stresses(RS)were built so the RS range is manageable by placing a cutting time limit.Thirdly,affected layers’depths were associated w ith tool wear and the consistency betw een RSL and DL was presented.At last,roughness values variation with cutting time were discussed.Results show that RS in peripheral direction is far larger than that in axial direction.The total cutting time of a tool should be controlled within 37 min and a time period 30-37 min before severely worn owns excellent cutting effects.Tensile RS of 400 M Pa can be set as a reference value for evaluating tool quality from angle of workpiece.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants 11002150,11332011,and 11402277)the Basic Research Equipment Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (YZ200930) for financia support
文摘Laser shock peening（LSP） is a widely used surface treatment technique that can effectively improve the fatigue life and impact toughness of metal parts.Cr5Mo1 V steel exhibits a gradient hardened layer after a LSP process.A new method is proposed to estimate the impact toughness that considers the changing mechanical properties in the gradient hardened layer.Assuming a linearly gradient distribution of impact toughness,the parameters controlling the impact toughness of the gradient hardened layer were given.The influence of laser power densities and the number of laser shots on the impact toughness were investigated.The impact toughness of the laser peened layer improves compared with an untreated specimen,and the impact toughness increases with the laser power densities and decreases with the number of laser shots.Through the fracture morphology analysis by a scanning electron microscope,we established that the Cr5Mo1 V steel was fractured by the cleavage fracture mechanism combined with a few dimples.The increase in the impact toughness of the material after LSP is observed because of the decreased dimension and increased fraction of the cleavage fracture in the gradient hardened layer.
文摘The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of acid etching on the bond strength of a universal adhesive system (Single Bond Universal, 3M) to caries-affected dentin. Forty permanent third molars were selected and carious lesions were induced by the microbiological method with?S. mutans?ATCC25175. Teeth were allocated randomly across four experimental designs (n?=?10): PA-I: phosphoric acid etching and application of the adhesive system, followed by immediate microtensile bond strength testing;PA-CC: phosphoric acid etching and application of the adhesive system, followed by microtensile bond strength testing after a 14-day cariogenic challenge;NPA-I: application of the adhesive system without acid etching, followed by immediate bond strength testing and NPA-CC: application of the adhesive system without acid etching followed by bond strength testing after 14-day cariogenic challenge. For microtensile bond strength testing,?a restoration with Charisma composite resin was made and each specimen was sectioned with a cross-sectional area of 1 mm2. Only adhesive and mixed fractures were considered for bond strength calculation. Results were evaluated by the Kruskal-Wallis and Friedman tests. The highest bond strengths were observed in the phosphoric acid etching groups (p??0.05). Cariogenic challenge did not affect bond strength (p?>?0.05). The predominant fracture type was adhesive. We conclude that phosphoric acid increased the bond strength of the Single Bond Universal system to caries-affected dentin, and that cariogenic challenge did not interfere with this bond strength.
