Colorful facial markings are associated with foraging rates and affiliative relationships in a wild group-living cichlid fish

Many animals use color to signal their quality and/or behavioral motivations.Colorful signals have been well studied in the contexts of competi-tion and mate choice;however,the role of these signals in nonsexual,affiliative relationships is not as well understood.Here,we used wild social groups of the cichlid fish Neolamprologus pulcher to investigate whether the size of a brightly colored facial patch was related to 1)individual quality,2)social dominance,and/or 3)affiliative relationships.Individuals with larger patches spent more time foraging and tended to perform more aggressive acts against conspecific territory intruders.We did not find any evidence that the size of these yellow patches was related to social rank or body size,but dominant males tended to have larger patches than dominant females.Additionally,patch size had a rank-specific relationship with the number of affiliative interactions that individuals engaged in.Dominant males with large patches received fewer affiliative acts from their groupmates compared to dominant males with small patches.However,subordinates with large patches tended to receive more affiliative acts from their groupmates while performing fewer affiliative acts themselves.Taken together,our results suggest that patch size reflects interindividual variation in foraging effort in this cichlid fish and offer some of the first evidence that colorful signals may shape affiliative relationships withinwildsocialgroups.

Kinship promotes affiliative behaviors in a monkey

In social mammals, kinship is an important factor that often affects the interactions among individuals within groups. In primates that live in a multilevel society, kinship may affect affiliative patterns be- tween individuals at different scales within the larger group. For this study, we use field observations and molecular methods to reveal the profiles of how kinship affects affiliative behaviors between indi- viduals in a breeding band of wild golden snub-nosed monkeys （Rhinopithecus roxellana）. We use a novel nonparametric test, the partition Mantel test, to measure independently the correlation between kinship and each of three affiliative behaviors. Our results show that more closely related females are more likely to groom each other. Average relatedness between adult females within the same onemale unit （OMU） is higher than that between adult females from different OMUs. We suggest that closely related females may reside in the same OMU in order to attain inclusive fitness benefits, and that kinship plays an important role in maintaining the social structure of this species.

高校附属医院学生思想政治工作体系的构建与实践

基于医学育人特殊性、人员管理分段性、数字化转型紧迫性等背景,结合高校附属医院学生思想政治工作体系特征和构建难点,开展以“一心双导,四梁八柱”为特点的高校附属医院学生思想政治工作体系构建与实践。以“医教协同,乐在医行”创新高校附属医院学生思政教育和理论实践研究;以“教学思政,共建共享”创新高校附属医院学生日常事务管理和学风建设;以“网格管理,数智赋能”创新高校附属医院学生党团班建和心理健康教育,以期为全国高校附属医院健全思政工作体系、夯实人才培养主阵地功能、加强医院党建思政文化建设提供有益借鉴。

Study of coexisting upstream solitary wave packet and downstream wakes induced by Diaoyu Dao and its affiliated islands detected by satellite sun glitter

Taking the advantage of sun glitter(SG)observed from high-resolution satellites Gaofen-1(GF-1)and Gaofen-6(GF-6),a new method named Shield and Vortex 1-2(SAV1-2)for extracting spatial texture information from sun glitter was established.Sea surface texture detail information around Diaoyu Dao and its affiliated islands was extracted using SAV1-2.Meanwhile,the dynamic characteristics of the water environment were analyzed by combining the water color,temperature and dynamic data.The results show the following information.(1)Stable westward shield effect and eastward Karman vortex streets,extracted from SG,appear upstream(westward)and downstream(eastward)of the Diaoyu Dao and its affiliated islands respectively.(2)The dominant direction of the Kuroshio Current in the Diaoyu Dao and its affiliated islands area is east,the Diaoyu Dao and its affiliated islands interacting with Kuroshio,inducing western shield and eastern shelter and wake.Furthermore,wave intervals of the shield in front of the island range from hundreds to thousands of metres,and extend wider than the island itself.(3)Combining with high-resolution sea surface temperature(SST)and chlorophyll a(Chl a)concentration,the directional changes of water color elements are mutually supported and proved with the stable shield(wave packet)effect in the west and vortex street effect in the east.The change of SST upstream of the island(western shield area)is not significant,the temperature in the downstream shelter area decreases slightly,and the SST in the downstream wake area shows a general trend of obvious decrease.The wake area is dominated by Karman vortex streets in shape,supplementing by vortices.The concentration of Chl a in the west shield of island is as low as that in downstream shelter area,while it increases significantly in the downstream wake area with shape in eddy or ribbon.(4)The SAV methods of extracting sea surface texture detail using SG can be widely used in different sea areas and water quality.This paper can provide reference for the protection and development of Diaoyu Dao and its affiliated islands and its surrounding waters.It is suggested that some kind of current buffer,such as marine wind farm,should be established in the western waters of Diaoyu Dao and its affiliated islands to protect the islands,and marine pasture should be developed in the downstream of eastern waters of Diaoyu Dao and its affiliated islands.

盐分与水分胁迫对两种猪毛菜种子萌发的影响

通过对盐分与水分胁迫对钠猪毛菜和紫翅猪毛菜种子萌发的影响的分析,结果显示:钠猪毛菜与紫翅猪毛菜种子萌发的最适温度分别为25℃和20℃。在盐溶液和PEG溶液中,两个种子的萌发规律相似,都是随着水势的降低,萌发率和萌发速率下降。在盐胁迫下钠猪毛菜种子萌发的最低水势接近-7.2 MPa,紫翅猪毛菜种子萌发的最低水势接近-6.15 MPa;在水分胁迫下两种种子萌发的最低水势均未超过-2.0 MPa。并且在相同水势下,钠猪毛菜的最终萌发率、萌发指数高于紫翅猪毛菜。两个种对盐分胁迫的忍耐能力超过对水分胁迫。适宜萌发温度下,钠猪毛菜与紫翅猪毛菜的耐盐极限值分别为-6.29 MPa和-6.03 MPa。

运动疗法对产褥期妇女的康复作用

目的 探讨运动疗法对产褥期妇女康复的影响。方法选择150例产褥期妇女(治疗组)，产后24 h起做产后康复体操，产褥期满即产后42 d进行评定，另外，选择同期150例未做产后康复体操的产褥期妇女产后42 d进行对比评定(对照组)。结果治疗组的妇妇子宫后倾后屈、子宫脱垂的发生率比对照组明显低(P< 0.01);子宫缩复不良、痔疮、张力性尿失禁、膀胱膨出、腰骶痛的发生率均比对照组低(P< 0.05);腰围的恢复亦明显优于对照组(P< 0.05)。结论运动疗法有利于妇女产后康复，可减少诸多并发症的发生，从而提高产后妇女的生存质量。

Evaluation of Biological Characteristics of Bacteria Contributing to Biofilm Formation

Biofilm-associated microorganisms play crucial roles in terrestrial and aquatic nutrient cycling and in the biodegradation of environmental pollutants. Biofilm formation was determined for a total of 18 bacterial isolates obtained from the biofilms of wastewater treatment systems and of little carpolite in soil. Among these isolates, seven showed strong biofilm-forming capacity. The phylogenetic affiliation of the isolates showing high biofilm formation capacity was determined through 16S rDNA sequencing and the isolates were grouped into 7 bacterial species including Pseudornonas sp., Pseudomonas putida, Aeromonas caviae, Bacillus cereus, Pseudornonas plecoglossicida, Aeromonas hydrophila, and Comamonas testosteroni. The biofilm-forming capacity was closely related with flagella, exopolysaccharide, and extracellular protein. According to the coefficient of determination, the relative importance of the five biological characteristics to biofilm formation was, in order from greatest to least, exopolysaccharide 〉 flagella 〉 N-acyl-homoserine lactones （AHLs） signaling molecules 〉 extracellular protein 〉 swarming motility.

Influence of dominance rank and affiliation relationships on selfdirected behavior in female Tibetan macaques (Macaca thibetana)

Self-directed behavior(SDB) is characterized as an indicator of anxiety, frustration and stress in nonhuman primates. In this study, we collected self-directed behavior data from one group of free-ranging Tibetan macaques(Macaca thibetana) at Mt. Huangshan, China(September 2012–May 2013) using a combination of behavioral sampling methods including focal animal sampling, behavioral sampling, continuous sampling and instantaneous sampling. Our results showed that females engaged in significantly higher rates of self-directed behavior when they were in proximity to dominant individuals compared to subordinate ones. Conflict losers significantly increased their SDB rates after agonistic episodes, indicating that SDB might also serve as an index of anxiety in M. thibetana. We further found that females significantly increased their SDB rates when focal individual was proximity to weakly affiliation relationship higher rank members than to strongly affiliation relationship higher rank members. If conflicts were not reconciled, the postconflict SDB rates of losers were higher when they stayed with strongly affiliation opponents; if conflicts were reconciled, victims of strongly affiliation relationships opponents engaged in more SDB rates before reconciliation than after reconciliation, while victims of moderately affiliation relationships opponents did not engaged in more SDB rates before reconciliation than after reconciliation. We conclude that both of dominance rank and affiliation relationships might both influence the SDB rates of female Tibetan macaques significantly, suggesting that SDB is not only an index of anxiety in Tibetan macaques, but also can provide a new insight into evaluation of social relationships between individuals.

Social functions of relaxed open-mouth display in golden snub-nosed monkeys(Rhinopithecus roxellana)

Relaxed open-mouth display serves important social functions in relation to submission, reconciliation affiliation and reassurance among non-human primate societies; however, quantitative evidence on this behavior remains insufficient among multi-level social groups. From July to November 2016, we examined four potential functions of the relaxed open-mouth display during pairwise, intra-unit social interactions among 18 free-ranging adult and sub-adult golden snub-nosed monkeys(Rhinopithecus roxellana) who belonged to three one-male, multi-female units(OMU) at Dalongtan, Shennongjia National Park China. Results showed that: compared with no relaxed open-mouth display,(1) the occurrence of displacement by a dominant individual approaching a subordinate was lower and the distance of the subordinate to the approaching dominant was shorter when the subordinate showed open-mouth display;(2) relaxed open-mouth display reduced the probability of continued attack for victims of aggression and allowed victims to achieve closer proximity to the aggressor during post-conflict periods;(3) relaxed open-mouth display by dominant individuals allowed them to achieve closer proximity to subordinates; and(4) the exchange of relaxed open-mouth display had a greater impact on the outcome of interactions than one individual alone giving this signal. These findings suggest that relaxed open-mouth display serves important functions regarding submission, reconciliation, affiliation and reassurance in coordinating social interactions within OMUs in golden snub-nosed monkeys.

Influences of affiliated components and train length on the train wind

The induced airfl w from passing trains,which is recognized as train wind,usually has adverse impacts on people in the surroundings,i.e.,the aerodynamic forces generated by a high-speed train＇s wind may act on the human body and endanger the safety of pedestrians or roadside workers.In this paper,an improved delayed detached eddy simulation（IDDES） method is used to study train wind.The effects of the affiliate components and train length on train wind are analyzed.The results indicate that the aff liated components and train length have no effect on train wind in the area in front of the leading nose.In the downstream and wake regions,the longitudinal train wind becomes stronger as the length of the train increases,while the transverse train wind is not affected.The presence of affiliate components strengthens the train wind in the near fiel of the train because of strong fl w solid interactions but has limited effects on train wind in the far field.

Erratum

For the paper,Effects of cellulase and xylanase enzymes mixed with increasing doses of Salix babylonica extract on in vitro rumen gas production kinetics of a mixture of corn silage with concentrate,published in Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015,Vol.14,No.1,on page 131-139,the authors'names and affiliated units should be.

How some demographic factors affects postpartum haemorrhage prevention in Maiduguri, Nigeria

Aim: The following work studied how tribal affiliation, educational level and occupation of some women that had PPH in Maiduguri metropolis between September 2007 and March 2009 relate with PPH occurrence. The study was aimed at identifying possible risk factors and also to compare the relative prevention efficacies of oxytocin or misoprostol within the matrix of these factors. Method: A total of 1800 pregnant women who have received either oxytocin injection or oral misoprostol in third stage of labour as a prophylaxis of postpartum haemorrhage, were enrolled within three health care facilities in Maiduguri, Nigeria. Each patient was observed at parturition and for 24 h after, during which blood lost was estimated to the nearest millilitres. Demographic characteristics were recorded in a structured proforma. The relationship of the occurrence of PPH (occurrence of blood loss > 500 ml) and mean blood loss (MBL) was studied with respect to the prophylactic medication used and some demographic factors. Results: The incidence of PPH was higher in Igbo, and some “minority” tribes of Borno state (Babur, Bura, Mafa). The tribes that constituted the majority of the study population (Kanuri, and Hausa) exhibited low incidences of PPH. Significant relationships were demonstrated between PPH and educational levels and occupations of participants. Conclussions: It was concluded that PPH occurrence is related to tribal affiliation, educational level and occupation, and the relative efficacies of oxytocin and misoprostol varies between the tribal groups.

Male Tibetan macaques' (Macaca thibetana) choice of infant bridging partners

Adult male Tibetan(Macaca thibetana), Barbary(M. sylvanus), and stump-tailed macaques(M. arctoides) engage in bridging, a ritualized infant-handling behavior. Previous researchers found a bias toward the use of male infants for this behavior, but its function is debated. Explanations include three hypotheses: paternal care, mating effort, and agonistic buffering. We studied a group of habituated, provisioned Tibetan macaques to test whether adult males' affiliative relationships with females predicted their use of an infant for bridging. We also examined biases for sex, age, and individual in males' choice of bridging infant. We collected data via all occurrences, focal animal, and scan methods, from August to September 2011 at the Valley of the Wild Monkeys, China. We found that male infants were significantly preferred over females for bridging, but of three male infants in the group, only one was used by all males, while one male infant was used less often than expected. Adult males had females they were significantly more likely to be proximate to and/or to groom, but these corresponded to the mother of the bridging infant for only one male. Our results are most consistent with the agonistic buffering hypothesis: lower-ranked males used the alpha male's preferred bridging infant in an attempt to regulate their interactions with the alpha.

Policy Recommendations to Prevent Financial Risks Caused by Speculative Capital Flows

There are two inaccuracies to the common belief that hot money flows into China through international trade: "hot money" and "trade channels". First, China’s domestic financial market is still at the initial stage of development, and foreign exchange control has put barriers to entry and exit of overseas capital. Strictly speaking, the short-term highly liquid "hot money" does not exist in China, and is referred to as long-term speculative capital in this paper. Second, such capital does not come from trade alone. International trade is only part of corporate business operations, and a more reasonable and complete description is that "overseas capital flows into China through foreign-funded enterprises". Through analysis of the inflow channels, this paper estimates that the stock of long-term speculative capital between 1999 and 2006 stands at almost US$ 400 billion. The year 2006 saw an increase of US$ 98.09 billion, of which US$ 35.4 billion was formed through international trade, which equals to roughly 20% of trade surplus that year. But this does not mean that 20% of trade surplus is long-term speculative capital.

高校附属医院学生和学员网格化管理模式的探索与创新

基于高校附属医院学生和学员的人员特点和管理难点,回顾网格化管理的定义和应用,总结和凝练网格化管理模式在高校附属医院学生和学员中的构建和实践重点,包括明确网格主要功能、优化网格设置原则、强化网格日常管理,通过创新网格化管理的管理理念和产学实践,发挥网格化管理与传统学生管理模式各自的优势、实现两者深度融合,开发人员信息系统实现多方精准管理,更好地适应高校附属医院所面临的新形势、新要求,以期为全国高校附属医院学生和学员管理提供有益借鉴。

Interpreting Nestedness and Modularity Structures in Affiliation Networks: An Application in Knowledge Networks Formed by Software Project Teams

An understanding of the knowledge creation and diffusion process in the organizational context is extremely relevant. Because from this understanding, organizations can restructure processes, reorient teams and implement methodologies to assist in the construction of an evolutionary process of knowledge creation and diffusion aimed at sustainable growth and innovation. The theory of complex social networks has been applied in several fields to help understand organizational cognitive processes. However, these approaches still insipiently consider the analysis of the nestedness and modularity of the studied networks. In this article, we presented an approach that sought to identify patterns of nestedness and modularity in networks of affiliation of people in projects in the organizational context. The study sought to identify these patterns in affiliation networks in a public organization providing information technology services in the period from 2006 to 2013. The detection of these patterns was performed using the NODF (Nestedness metric based on Overlap and Decreasing Fill) algorithm described by [1]. The nestedness and modularity metrics can influence patterns of knowledge creation and diffusion in formal and informal networks constituted for the execution of projects in organizations. This study showed that the network structures of the organization during the study period presented a high degree of nestedness, and it was possible to identify combined structures of nestedness and modularity.

Application of self-directed teaching methods related to microlecture and flipped classroom in the teaching of obstetrics and gynecology in a non-directly affiliated hospital

With the rapid development of the technology of information network and the era of big data,information technology is now widely used in the field of education.Comprehensive popularity of mobile phones,computers,tablet computers and portable communication devices and WIFI also facilitate the widespread use of online learning,learning in free time,free learning and other modes.The emergence of microlecture follows the learning mode and trend of modern society,special for young medical students who are highly passionate in accepting new things and have a strong ability in using information technology.In this paper,the necessity and feasibility of self-directed teaching methods related to microlecture and flipped classroom in the teaching in a non-directly affiliated hospital.Using the advantages of the"microlecture and flipped classroom"teaching model,it is possible to improve the learning effect of medical students,construct high-quality online courses,and make quality teaching resources widely shared.

Dynamics of Knowledge in Software Project Development Environments: An Approach Using Affiliation Networks

This work presents an approach to study the diffusion of knowledge in software development project teams based on the formation of complex social network structures in a public organization that offers information and communication technology services. We collected historical data on the allocation and records of hours worked by people in projects to build an affiliation network. We applied the method of reflections to analyze the data obtained. The constructed model enabled the description of the participation of project team members from the perspective of the creation and diffusion of knowledge in affiliation networks that describe the participation of people in projects, mediated by the knowledge and the capabilities developed for the execution of these projects. A contribution of this work is the construction of indicators related to the process of creation and diffusion of knowledge in the context of the execution of software development and maintenance projects, based on the concepts of diversification and ubiquity applied to the process of knowledge diffusion;an additional contribution is the presentation of an application of the method of reflections in an organizational context applied to the creation and diffusion of knowledge. We found that the application of management models associated with the collaborative method applied to the project development process contributed to the joint growth of diversified and more specialized knowledge alongside the knowledge considered more generic and ubiquitous. Our results show that contrary to previous expectations based on assumptions established at the beginning of the study, we concluded that in six of the seven subnetworks obtained in the period between 2007 and 2013, knowledge based on complex and diversified capabilities showed a growth proportional to the growth of knowledge related to the capabilities necessary to more general and ubiquitous activities.

The Development and Application of Ground Systems and Derived Systems of Space Technology

In this paper,the development ofsatellite ground systems and non-satellite equipments and systems de-rived from satellite technology inthe Chinese Academy of SpaceTechnology is reviewed.Satelliteground systems include those fortracking,monitoring and controlfor the launch and operation ofsatellites as well as transmitting andreceiving system for dedicated andindividual users.Derived systemsand equipment include some ofspinoff from satellite technologies,such as computer measurement andcontrol,attitude control,thermalcontrol,radio electronic technique,vacuum technique and new materi-als.They are related to the eco-nomic and social benefits derivedfrom the development of space tech-nology.