“示能”(Affordance)概念的演化——诺曼设计心理学理论中的Affordance词用考析

具有实用主义特质的设计心理学与强调个体生命性的生态心理学在“知觉—行动”的发生机制问题上有着根本分歧,因此,诺曼在设计领域使用吉布森所创的Affordance概念时无法完全遵照原意,而是突出追求“确定性”和“可操作性”的方法理路,Affordance概念的内涵发生了变化。在设计心理学中探索一条融合生态知觉思想的研究进路是有可能并有价值的。

A Review of Rechargeable Zinc-Air Batteries:Recent Progress and Future Perspectives

Zinc-air batteries(ZABs)are gaining attention as an ideal option for various applications requiring high-capacity batteries,such as portable electronics,electric vehicles,and renewable energy storage.ZABs offer advantages such as low environmental impact,enhanced safety compared to Li-ion batteries,and cost-effectiveness due to the abundance of zinc.However,early research faced challenges due to parasitic reactions at the zinc anode and slow oxygen redox kinetics.Recent advancements in restructuring the anode,utilizing alternative electrolytes,and developing bifunctional oxygen catalysts have significantly improved ZABs.Scientists have achieved battery reversibility over thousands of cycles,introduced new electrolytes,and achieved energy efficiency records surpassing 70%.Despite these achievements,there are challenges related to lower power density,shorter lifespan,and air electrode corrosion leading to performance degradation.This review paper discusses different battery configurations,and reaction mechanisms for electrically and mechanically rechargeable ZABs,and proposes remedies to enhance overall battery performance.The paper also explores recent advancements,applications,and the future prospects of electrically/mechanically rechargeable ZABs.

基于计算机视觉的Affordance理解研究综述

利用基于计算机视觉的Affordance理解研究行为者和周围环境之间的交互属性,对指导机器人导航、抓取具有重要意义。因此,全面、深入地综述了基于计算机视觉的Affordance理解研究现状。首先,对近年来提出的方法依据研究方向进行归类,综述不同方法的思路和特点;然后,对多个常用的公开数据集进行介绍,并对不同方法在这些数据集上的性能进行对比分析;最后,阐述基于计算机视觉的Affordance理解各类方法的优势与不足及未来的发展趋势。

IMAGE-BUILDING AND FRAMING PROCESSES OF AN ANTI-MOTHER/-WOMAN IN CICERO’S PRO CLUENTIO

In this case study we explore Cicero’s processes of framing and image-building regarding the concept of an anti-mother/-woman.For this we examine Cicero’s portrayal of Sassia,a woman who features as one of the main antagonists of his speech Pro Cluentio.We analyse Cicero’s depiction of Sassia’s evilness towards her son,Cluentius,through the lens of frame and framing theories.By doing so,this case study aims to present a deeper understanding of Cicero’s stratagems(e.g.,priming,calling for action;nudging,pushing someone towards action;and affordance,offering a frame to act outside of or within)which were employed in order to devise a negative characterisation of Sassia.The application of this methodological approach to Cicero’s framing of Sassia provides a new scope for analysing not only the classical text itself but also for the analysis of ancient human society to which it belonged.

No Pain, All Gain

Chinese doctors in Rwanda revolutionise childbirth by making painless deliveries affordable In a move that could transform childbirth procedures in Rwanda,Chinese doctors at the Masaka District Hospital in Kicukiro have successfully facilitated natural birth by a woman living with HIV.This milestone marks a significant step towards safer and more accessible childbirth practices in the country.

Living in a Condominium Regime:Neighborhood Conflicts in Low-Income Housing,Tijuana,Baja California-A Secondary Publication

This paper analyzes neighborhood conflicts arising from the condominium property regime,under which social housing promoted by Mexican government institutions and private developers is acquired.This regime has facilitated access to housing for the salaried population,but it is far from contributing to the attainment of the right to housing.The research takes as case studies housing complexes located in the city of Tijuana,Baja California,Mexico.The analysis included a mixed methodology.Firstly,similar case studies were analyzed;secondly,a review of the Condominium Property Regime Law was carried out in order to understand its implications.In view of the pandemic situation,a virtual survey was applied to the inhabitants of these areas,as well as interviews with presidents of neighborhood committees of these complexes.From the above,it was found that this form of ownership generates conflicts,reflected in the dissatisfaction of the inhabitants with their housing,disagreements and controversies in their organization and coexistence.The inhabitants have to collectively solve the problems they face,related to the maintenance and use of common areas,insecurity,and cleanliness,among others.In addition,there is a lack of support from local authorities.With this,it is concluded that although the inhabitants have a space that solves their housing problem,it does not manage to be a space that adequately guarantees their right to housing.

The Optimization Path of Research Support Services in University Libraries from the Perspective of Affordance Theory

University libraries,as an integral component of university research capabilities,are tasked with serving education by providing research support to faculty and students.This study adopts an affordance research perspective originating from ecological psychology to explore the optimization path of research support services in libraries in the new media era.Based on the characteristics of university library services,this research analyzes three aspects:production affordance,mobile affordance,and social affordance,and proposes practical recommendations to guide future research service practices of university libraries.

Chinese public participation monitoring and warning system for geological hazards

In China,many geological hazards occurred in remote mountainous regions,and it was time-consuming to disseminate disaster information for the responsible parties to make timely judgements.Besides,only relying on professionals to monitor and manage disasters was demanding and costly.The Chinese government created a system to engage residents in the process of disaster risk management,namely’Public Participation Monitoring and Warning’(PPMW),to disseminate timely disaster information and bring down management costs.The objective of this system was to reduce casualties with minimum cost by organizing residents to evacuate from disasters in advance.This paper introduced the PPMW system,including its structure,operation mechanism by reviewing government documents and research articles,and its implementation by a case study of a landslide at Boli village(E 101°01’,N 27°29’),Yanyuan County,Sichuan Province,China on July 19th 2018.Further,this paper analyzed the strengths and limitations of the system and discussed its future development.It had the potential to become an affordable disaster risk management tool for other countries facing similar situations to China.

Medical Diagnosis Expert System for Malaria and Related Diseases for Developing Countries

There is a strong need for cost-effective technologies to manage disease processes and thus reduce morbidity and mortality in the developing countries. Yet bringing intelligent healthcare informatics to bear on the dual problems of reducing healthcare costs and improving quality and outcomes is a challenge even in countries with a reasonably developed technology infrastructure. This paper focused at how appropriate an ap-plication of Medical Diagnosis Expert System (MDES) is to manage diseases in developing countries. MDES is usually designed to enable clinicians to identify diseases and describe methods of treatment to be carried out taking into account the user capability. The MDES described here is implemented using the C Language Integrated Production System (CLIPS). The CLIPS is an expert system, which has a shell composed of four modules: the user interface, the explanation system, the inference engine and the knowledge base editor. In the system, a number of patient cases will be selected as prototypes and stored in a separate database. The knowledge is acquired from literature review, human experts and the internet of the specific domain and is used as a base for analysis, diagnosis and recommendations.

Applications of Housing Affordability Measurement Approaches Used in Planning Affordable Housing: A Systematic Review

Housing affordability measurement is a recurring subject in planning literature. Research evidence suggests that in planning for affordable housing, planners typically apply the normative (ratio and residual income) measures to all variants of affordability stress. Hence, proffering intervention strategies that often fail to address peculiar situations in their towns. This systematic review synthesizes empirical evidence in the literature relating to various applications of housing affordability measurement approaches. To ascertain the various application fields/domains, present findings, specify relevant literature gaps, and propose future research themes. The review findings demonstrate that the accurateness of conclusions reached, about the severity of the housing affordability problem is highly dependent on the measurement approach used. The study concludes that the application of appropriate methods to specific situations leads to better planning outcomes.

Utilization of access to colorectal cancer screening modalities in low-income populations after medicaid expansion

BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC)remains a relevant public health problem.Current research suggests that racial,economic and geographic disparities impact access.Despite the expansion of Medicaid eligibility as a key component of the Affordable Care Act(ACA),there is a dearth of information on the utilization of newly gained access to CRC screening by low-income individuals.This study investigates the impact of the ACA’s Medicaid expansion on utilization of the various CRC screening modalities by low-income participants.Our working hypothesis is that Medicaid expansion will increase access and utilization of CRC screening by low-income participants.AIM To investigate the impact of the Affordable Care Act and in particular the effect of Medicaid expansion on access and utilization of CRC screening modalities by Medicaid state expansion status across the United States.METHODS This was a quasi-experimental study design using data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System,a large health system survey for participants across the United States and with over 2.8 million responses.The period of the study was from 2011 to 2016 which was dichotomized as pre-ACA Medicaid expansion(2011-2013)and post-ACA Medicaid expansion(2014-2016).The change in utilization of access to CRC screening strategies between the expansion periods were analyzed as the dependent variables.Secondary analyses included stratification of the access by ethnicity/race,income,and education status.RESULTS A greater increase in utilization of access to CRC screening was observed in Medicaid expansion states than in nonexpansion states[+2.9%;95%confidence interval(95%CI):2.12,3.69].Low-income participants showed a+4.02%(95%CI:2.96,5.07)change between the expansion periods compared with higher income groups+3.19%(1.70,4.67).Non-Hispanic Whites and Hispanics[+3.01%(95%CI:2.16,3.85)vs+5.51%(95%CI:2.81,8.20)]showed a statistically significant increase in utilization of access but not in Non-Hispanic Blacks,or Multiracial.There was an increase in utilization across all educational levels.This was significant among those who reported having a high school graduate degree or more+4.26%(95%CI:3.16,5.35)compared to some high school or less+1.59%(95%CI:-1.37,4.55).CONCLUSION Medicaid expansion under the Affordable Care Act led to an overall increase in self-reported use of CRC screening tests by adults aged 50-64 years in the United States.This finding was consistent across all low-income populations,but not all races or levels of education.

Factors Affecting Patient Satisfaction in the UAE’s Healthcare Sector

Background: The United Arab Emirates aims to provide “world-class healthcare” to its citizens. This study aims to determine the association between overall satisfaction and various aspects of healthcare services in the United Arab Emirates on a country level. Methods: The data was collected from 5855 respondents on the affordability, quality, accessibility, and responsiveness dimensions of health care. Besides frequency tables and descriptive statistics, statistical methods, such as Principal Component Analysis and Multiple Regression, were used to reduce and model the association between dependent (overall satisfaction) and independent (affordability, quality, accessibility, and responsiveness) variables. Results: The preliminary analysis using frequency tables and descriptive clearly highlighted the uncertainty associated with affordability and responsiveness dimensions of healthcare provision in the country. Analysis of variance and t-test results indicated statistically significant differences between perceptions of the respondents based on the socio-demographic factors and other factors such as the kind of insurance held by respondents, having a designated family physician, recent medical visits in the UAE, and intention to go back to home countries for medical treatment. The findings indicated higher satisfaction levels with quality and accessibility and lower satisfaction levels with affordability and responsiveness. Recommendations are provided to address the latter two factors. Conclusion: The study identifies healthcare service provision issues in the United Arab Emirates and recommends enhancing affordability and responsiveness.

The Benefits of Solar Energy on the Provision of Sustainable Affordable Housing in Nigeria

Solar energy is the most abundant form of energy on Earth. Solar energy brings impactful benefits and products that are expected to make homes more reliable, sustainable, and affordable. Thanks to technological advancements like the solar cell, we can gather this energy and turn it into electricity. The construction industry has an exceptional chance of benefiting from this sustainable energy. Many recognised benefits have been spelled forth in the construction industry, such as providing homes with clean energy with no trace of ozone depleting material emission. There are many people in Nigeria who are not linked to the public electric grid, and the energy sector produces and generates less than 58% of the entire amount of energy required. As stated in the Nigeria’s National Energy General Plan, the Sustainable Energy programme aims to enhance the country’s use of solar electricity. This paper focuses on the role of solar energy in the provision of sustainable affordable housing in Nigeria. It considers the description, method, and utilisation of solar energy with a focus on residential and commercial buildings.

The Challenges in Providing Affordable Housing in Nigeria and the Adequate Sustainable Approaches for Addressing Them

Despite multiple schemes implemented by various governments around the country, affordable housing remains elusive to the average Nigerian. Because the situation is comparable to that of other developing nations, it remains a key concern in these countries’ socioeconomic development. Over 52% of Nigeria’s population has been claimed to live in shanties, squatter communities, and informal settlements. This article, therefore, reviews the challenges to the provision of affordable housing in Nigeria and the Sustainable approaches to address them. The article’s findings were based on a thorough examination of the literature. The article’s findings indicated that sustainable approaches for addressing Nigeria’s affordable housing barriers may best be examined through the economic, ecological, social, institutional, and technical factors. The paper urges the present regime, investors, lawmakers, and private developers in Nigeria to implement these approaches for affordable housing provision. The findings from this article will add to the current body of knowledge by providing important information on affordable housing provision and re-directing research interest towards affordable housing in Nigeria and other developing countries.

Research Progress and Trends in Technology Affordances Research: A Knowledge Graph Analysis Based on CiteSpace

Technology affordances are a method for technology users to carry out actions based on the possibilities provided by a certain technology. In order to systematically grasp the research hotspots and evolution of technology affordances at home and abroad, and clarify the characteristics and development direction of technology affordances research in China, we use CiteSpace software to visualize and analyze the research literature on technology affordances at home and abroad. The research results of technology affordances at home and abroad are increasing, and the number of scholars who have researched technology affordances is large, but the cooperation among authors is generally scattered;among foreign research on technology affordances, information technology, knowledge technology, artificial intelligence, digital technology and web 2.0 are the hot spots of research;among domestic research on technology affordances, the connotation of technology affordances, social media, interaction design and user purchase are the hotspots;there are differences in the research frontiers of technology affordances research at home and abroad, but they all focus on the field of social media.

从设计心理学看情感产品开发设计

从社会生产力和经济发展指出情感化产品设计是未来设计发展的必然趋势,再由人类心理行为切入,介绍了国外设计心理学Affordance概念的发展状况和其重要原因以及对产品设计未来的启发,最后结合Affordance对日本新奇情感娱乐产品putiputi无限挤泡泡纸进行深入剖析,分析其成功因素、开发过程、产品形态语义,尝试从中得到在情感需求产品的开发方法。

Affordance认知探究及其在产品设计中的应用

目的从认知理论角度探讨Affordance概念在产品设计中的应用。方法通过阐述Affordance理论在认知领域的起源及在设计领域的发展,介绍了深泽直人对Affordance的传承提出了"无意识设计"理念,进而研究Affordance在用户、产品、环境承担的作用。结论总结归纳4种运用于产品设计中的Affordance类型,并针对现有优秀产品案例探讨,详细分析Affordance是如何运作于产品设计中的。最后提出设计人员应该把握四点方向,以更好地从Affordance对产品的影响入手设计出优良的产品。。

以Affordance和功能为共同基础的功能结构图方法拓展

当前功能结构图方法仅以意图域概念"功能"为基础,但同时暗含从现实域出发的考虑,这造成了复杂度耦合,使得绘制过程难以下笔。为解决这一问题,吸收现实域的Affordance概念与功能概念共同作为方法基础,并基于这两个概念将功能结构图方法的绘制分解为:从功能维度逆向思考"人想要发生什么"的倒逼功能结构图,以及从Affordance维度顺向思考"在其环境下可能发生什么"的Affordance功能结构图,从而完成复杂度解耦,得到改良功能结构图方法。该方法解除了绘制过程中的思维混乱,降低了绘制门槛,提高了实用性。

基于系统设计与通用设计的公共自助产品设计研究

主要探讨在老龄化背景下如何更有效的发挥城市公共自助产品在"人—机—环境"大系统中的作用,基于系统设计和通用设计理论,论述了公共自助产品内、外系统的设计思想以及提出了通用性的Affordance准则应用思路,强调环境产品设施与人的对话。

滨州安康南区经济适用型居住区绿化设计

滨州安康居住区位于滨州市东北角,是政府安居工程,属经济适用房,分为安康南区和安康北区两部分。笔者主要对安康南区湖南和湖东的绿地进行种植设计。1绿化设计原则1.1注重节约性,强调经济性主要体现在:①苗木大多为乡土树种,移栽成活率高;②苗木以中小规格为主,大多数直径在10cm以下;③草坪及地被符合既耐盐碱,又耐旱、耐寒的要求。