IN VITRO ANTI-HEPATOMA EFFECTS OF MONOCYTES AND KUPFFER CELLS ISOLATED FROM HEPATOMA PATIENTS AFTER TREATMENT WITH BIOLOGICAL IMMUNE STIMULANTS

Monocytes (MC), lymphocytes (LC) and Kupffer cells (KC) were isolated respectively from blood and surgical liver samples of patients suffering from he-patocellular carcinoma (HCC). 13 patients were given BCG, mixed bacterium vaccine (MBV) and human white blood cell interferon (IFN), the other 3 patients were not treated with any biological immune stimulants (BIS) and served as controls. The cytosta-tic and cytotoxic effects of MC and KC on human hepatoma SMMC-7721 (TC) were assayed in vitro and the numbers of T total (Tt), T helper (Th) and T suppressor (Ts) cells were counted using CD monoclonal antibody immunofluorescence. The results were as follows: (1) On the 7th day after the first administration of BIS, the cytostatic and cytotoxic effects of MC on TC showed obvious increase over pre-administration. The activity of BIS was 1 ?5 times as high as that in the controls. (2) After 3 administrations, the cytostatic effect of MC on TC increased to the normal level (84%), while the controls remained as before (45%). (3) On the 7th day after first administration, cytostatic and cytotoxic effects of KC on TC were 0.5 and 1 times higher respectively than those of the controls. (4) The numbers of Tt and Th of patients given BIS increased continuously; on the contrary Ts decreased in number. These results indicate that combined use of BCG, MBV and IFN can actively enhance the immune anti-hepatoma function of patients suffering from HCC.

Changes of biochemical indexes in patients with acute cerebral infarction after treatment with simvastatin

BACKGROUND: At present, it is believed that the important causes of cerebral infarction are the disorders of lipid metabolism and endothelial function, and the outcomes of clinical treatment can be improved by regulating serum lipids and antiinflammation, etc. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of simvastatin, inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase, on the levels of serum lipids, serum enzymic indexes and inflammatory metabolic indexes in patients with cerebral infarction. DESIGN: A comparative observation. SETTING: Department of Geriatrics, Longquanshan Hospital of Liuzhou City. PARTICIPANTS: Forty-eight patients with acute cerebral infarction were selected from the Department of Geriatrics of Longquanshan Hospital of Liuzhou from March 2004 to February 2006, including 24 males and 24 females, the mean age was (54±12) years, average disease course was (10.0±4.5) days. They were all accorded with the diagnostic standard for cerebral infarction set by the Fourth National Academic Meeting for Cerebrovascular Disease in 1999, and cerebral hemorrhage was excluded by cranial CT scanning. The 48 patients were randomly divided into control group (n =24) and treatment group (n =24). Informed consents were obtained from all the participants. METHODS: ① All the patients were treated according to the symptoms, besides those in the treatment group were given simvastatin (Harbin Pharm. Group Sanjing Pharmaceutical Shareholding, Co.,Ltd., No. H20010454; Batch number: 20040218; 5 mg/tablet). The initial dosage was 10 mg per day for 4 weeks, and then increased to 30 mg per day for another 4 weeks. ② Before treatment and within 1 week after treatment, the total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine kinase and C reactive protein in serum were determined with Beckman-cx7 automatic biochemical analytical apparatus in both groups. ③ The differences of intergroup and intragroup data were compared with the independent-samples t test and paired samples t test. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Changes of total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-C, LDL-C, AST, creatine kinase and C reactive protein before and treatment in both groups. RESULTS: All the 48 patients with cerebral infarction were involved in the analysis of results. ① Changes of serum lipids: The levels of serum lipids were close between the two groups before treatment (P > 0.05). After treatment, the HDL-C level in the treatment group was obviously higher than that in the control group and that before treatment [(1.34±0.12), (0.92±0.33), (0.93±0.21) mmol/L, t =7.922, 11.699, P < 0.01], and the levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL-C were obviously lower than those in the control group and those before treatment (t =2.780-7.591, P < 0.01). ② Changes of serum enzymic indexes and C reactive protein in serum: The levels of enzymes and C reactive protein in serum had no obvious differences between the two groups before treatment (P > 0.05). The levels of AST, creatine kinase and C reactive protein in serum after treatment were obviously lower than those before treatment in both groups (t =7.259-17.996, P < 0.01). The levels of levels of creatine kinase and C reactive protein in serum after treatment in the treatment group were obviously lower than those in the control group [(3.061±0.522) μkat/L, (4.6±3.1) mg/L; (4.348±0.580) μkat/L, (12.3±4.8) mg/L, t =7.910, 6.463, P < 0.01]. CONCLUSION: Compared with common treatment according to symptoms, the additional administration of simvastatin is better for improving the serum lipids, serum enzymic indexes of patients with cerebral infarction at acute period, and benefit for repairing their inflammatory damages.

Long-term follow-up of Ta transitional cell carcinoma of bladder after treatment of TURBt plus intravesical therapy

To stduy the association between the prognosis of Ta transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder and risk-related factors.Methods A total of 88 cases (62 males and 26 females;mean age,61 years;age range,41-81 years) of initial T.TCC of the bladder treated with transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBt) plus intravesical chemotherapy or immunotherapy were enrolled.Among them,there were 26 cases of G1,61 cases of G2 and 1 case of G3.For tumor site,62 cases (16 cases of G1,45 of G2,1 of G3) had single tumor and 26 cases (10 cases of G1,16 of G2) had multi-site tumors.The mean follow-up was 113 months (range,56-168 months).The tumor grade,original tumor number and their association with the recurrence and progression of this type of TCC were retrospectively analyzed.Results The overall recurrence rate (RR) was 60% (53/88).In single tumor group,RR of G1 cases was 25% (4/16);RR of G2 cases was 62% (28/45) and the total RR was 52% (32/62).In multi-site tumor group,RR of G1 cases was 80% (8/10),RR of G2 cases was 75% (12/16) and the total RR was 77% (20/26).The RR of multi-site tumor group was significantly higher than that of single tumor group (P<0.01).In single tumor group,RR of G2 cases was significantly higher than that of G1 cases (P<0.001).In multi-site tumor group,there was no association of RR with tumor grade.There was no progression in G1 tumor cases.The progression rate was 42.5% (17/40) in G2 tumor cases;among them,30% (12/40) progressed to T1G2 tumors and 12.5% (5/40) progressed to T2G2 tumors.The RR of cases who received thiotepa,mitomycin and BCG were 75% (12/16),68% (30/44) and 40% (11/27),respectively.Tumor specific mortality was 1.14% (1/88,a T2G3 case).Conclusion The multi-site Ta TCC of the bladder has relatively higher RR and greater chance of progression after the treatment of TURBt plus intravesical chemotherapy or immunotherapy,especially in the poor differentiated tumors,thus active treatment and close follow-up are essential in clinical practice.9 refs.

重型国Ⅵ柴油机N_(2)O排放特性试验研究

在三台满足国Ⅵ阶段排放标准的重型车用柴油机上进行了冷热态WHTC尾气N_(2)O排放特性试验研究,试验结果表明:冷热态WHTC试验中N_(2)O排放水平与NO_(X)相当,N_(2)O排放与排气温度有很高的相关性,冷态排放低于热态,冷热态间N_(2)O排放差异主要体现在I阶段。热态WHTC初期N_(2)O排放突增峰值与冷态循环末期后处理系统中残留的过量喷射尿素有关。低浓度尿素有助于降低N_(2)O排放,但同时也会导致NO_(X)排放增加。

柴油机后处理系统HC覆盖故障浅析

以市场反馈的车用发动机故障作为研究对象,对其主要特征进行分析,通过故障机型分布、应用场景分布、台架测试等环节。逆向梳理柴油机后处理因碳氢覆盖机理,为因后处理碳氢覆盖导致发动机最终排放超标找到优化措施。根据分析,碳氢覆盖主要原因集中在燃烧室设计不合理、喷油器积碳后雾化效果差、发动机设计排温较低、驾驶习惯不良等。

重型商用车后处理系统热源影响研究

文章针对某国六重型柴油商用车在柴油颗粒过滤器(DPF)再生工况下的周边热场进行研究,提出热源周边系统合理的布置原则和方法,进一步提升整车运营的安全性和可靠性。首先,对DPF再生全过程和不同距离下的温度场进行计算流体动力学(CFD)仿真分析;其次,试验验证了DPF主动再生四个阶段、稳态再生工况下不同距离温度场及周边件的表面温度;最后,进行了不同工况下的数据对比分析。结果表明,在DPF稳态驻车再生期间,内部气流温度可达到600℃以上,排气接管处最高温度为235℃,温度场随着距离的增大呈非线性下降趋势,表现出距离热源越近、温度下降越快,距离热源越远、温度下降减缓的热衰减规律,周边零部件与热源距离大于200 mm以上可降低至80℃以下,能够有效防止后处理系统产生的热害影响。

基于复杂系统管理思维的污水处理厂洪灾恢复案例分析

针对污水处理厂洪灾恢复具有超越常规工程建设的复杂性特点,提出了基于复杂系统管理思维的分析方法。以河北省污水处理厂灾后恢复为例,从工程复杂性和系统复杂性两方面进行分析,利用关联切割方法和目标适用性思维对问题进行难度降解,将灾后恢复工程分为功能性恢复和现常态化运营两个阶段,对各要素关联相对薄弱处进行切割来降低和分解该工程的固有复杂性,并按预期实现了该污水处理厂通水和达标目标。文章基于复杂系统管理思维形成的复杂工程分析方法可为类似工程提供借鉴和参考。

柴油车尿素-SCR系统数值模拟研究

为提高柴油车尿素-选择性催化还原(SCR)系统的工作性能,文章使用计算流体力学(CFD)方法对某型柴油汽车排气后处理系统进行了数值模拟,研究了不同排气温度工况下该尿素-SCR系统的内部流动及载体前端入口平面上NH3分布的均匀性、速度均匀性等参数。计算结果表明,随着排气温度的升高,SCR载体前端平面的NH3均匀性有明显提升,速度均匀性也略有增加。此外,根据文章计算结果可知,排气温度越高,喷入尿素-SCR系统的尿素溶液蒸发和热解的速率越快,进入催化器的尿素明显减少。文章数值模拟结果可为后续该型柴油机尿素-SCR后处理系统的改进优化提供思路。

LEER模式加速康复外科理念临床拓展新路径——加速康复医学临床应用体系构建之探索

加速康复外科(enhanced recovery after surgery,ERAS)理念的实施有益于外科患者术后加速康复,LEER模式[少痛(less pain)、早动(early move)、早食(early eat)、安心(reassuring)]下的ERAS体系则是为临床更好实施ERAS理念建立的系统、规范和标准化的工作方法与工作流程。经临床外科和外科联合具有综合属性的全科医学科建立的加速康复All in One病房的初期探索及应用取得了一系列有益结果,均证明LEER模式ERAS不仅能系统、全面、规范地执行ERAS措施,也可以将LEER-ERAS理念拓展应用到加速康复All in One病房共同协助外科患者围手术期的治疗及管理促进患者加速康复。在前期工作取得的成效基础上,将有益于患者治疗后加速康复的ERAS理念延伸、拓展成加速康复医学(enhanced recovery after treatment,ERAT)理念来拓宽加速康复All in One病房的应用范围,包括应用到临床所有的非外科专业科室,其目的是探索和研究如何应用ERAT理念构建医院ERAT临床应用体系来促进患者康复。

后装治疗系统中使用环型施源器放射源驻留位置偏差值验证

目的探究后装治疗中使用环型施源器导致放射源驻留位置产生的偏差值。方法收集2016年2月至2020年10月中国香港大学深圳医院放疗科瓦里安Gamma Med Plus后装治疗系统中应用钛制环型施源器创建验证计划资料,通过放射自显影胶片得到放射源实际驻留位置,将其与计划驻留位置比较后得到两者的偏差数据。结果使用环型施源器时,放射源实际驻留位置与计划驻留位置存在一定的偏差值,其中30°环型施源器平均偏差为-1.42 mm,45°环型施源器平均偏差为-1.82 mm,60°环型施源器平均偏差为-1.85 mm。结论为适应精准放疗的发展趋势,有必要对后装环型施源器放射源位置偏差值进行验证,并应用相应的修正值修正偏差。

基于移动互联网的信用医疗系统设计与应用

通过基于移动互联网的第三方信用平台与医院现有医院信息系统(HospitalInformationSystem,HIS)系统连接,实现先诊疗、后付费的“信用+医疗”服务模式。以北京市石景山医院信用医疗为例,介绍结合第三方信用平台和医院信息系统对接时的架构的搭建、接口和业务实现。免除患者一次就诊重复排队缴费,优化患者就诊流程,节约患者就医时间,提高患者就医满意度。随着社会信用体系的建立和完善,移动互联网技术的发展,“信用+医疗”服务模式会在更大范围内得到推广和应用。

国V公交车实际道路排放特性研究

使用车载排放测试系统测试了北京市4种不同技术路线的14辆国V车辆的实际道路排放情况。结果表明,氧化催化器(DOC)能明显降低天然气公交车的CO排放,但其对THC的降排效果有待提高。采用EGR技术的天然气公交车在低速时NOx减排效果较柴油车好,但是高速时没有优势。使用SCR系统的柴油车CO和THC排放较低,但低速时NOx排放较高。而天然气车由于排气温度较高,加装SCR系统后可有效降低NOx排放,效果最理想。天然气公交车的颗粒物质量排放远低于柴油车,但是由于稀释方式的影响,其核模态的颗粒物数量较多。

国Ⅳ柴油机SCR后处理系统结晶体成分分析

使用气相色谱质谱联机、红外光谱、核磁共振和热重质谱联机等设备对采用SCR技术路线的国Ⅳ柴油车尾气管出现的结晶体进行成分分析.溶剂溶解性试验表明,结晶体是有机与无机化合物的合成体;显色反应试验结果表明,结晶体内含有两个或两个以上肽键的化合物;GC-MS分析结果表明,结晶体中含有尿素、三聚氰酸、氨基甲酸酰亚胺(缩二脲)、1,2肼二甲酰胺(联二脲)、脲基甲酸乙酯和亚胺二甲酸二乙酯.加热试验结果表明,结晶体加热后能产生氨;红外分析结果显示,结晶体内含有铵盐、仲胺盐、硝基(—N O2)、甲基(—C H3)、亚甲基(—CH2—)等一种或几种官能团;核磁共振结果表明,结晶体内含有双键及亚甲基;热重质谱联机的结果表明,结晶体内含有碳、氧、氨基、氨、氢氰酸、氮、氨基氰、异氰酸、氰酸和酰胺等分子或离子.ICP-MS的试验结果显示,结晶体吸附或与排气中的物质参加了反应.综合所有试验结果,推断出结晶体内的主要成分为尿素及三聚氰酸,从而认定结晶体是由于尿素起喷温度低造成的.

实现重型柴油机低排放的喷油策略及其与后处理耦合

在燃烧系统优化基础上,围绕燃油喷射参数与控制策略、EGR等参数对共轨重型柴油机燃烧与排放特性的影响机理展开深入研究,通过喷油策略优化并与后处理系统耦合实现重型柴油机低排放.研究表明:小负荷采用单次喷射并通过降低喷油压力与推迟喷油,可获得较低的NOx和soot排放,有效降低压力升高率;低转速大负荷通过降低喷油压力与推迟喷油定时相结合,在实现等NOx时能有效改善soot和油耗率;高转速中高负荷适宜提高喷射压力,采用主喷加后喷的多次喷油策略.欧洲稳态测试循环(ESC)测试结果表明:采用串联式两级增压与中等强度EGR(低于40%)耦合,NOx原始加权排放率降至欧Ⅴ水平;在依次加装氧化型催化器(DOC)、微粒捕集器(DPF)和选择性催化还原(SCR)后处理系统,通过喷油策略与后处理耦合,DPF的过滤效率高达90%,SCR转化效率达到85%,各项排放指标均满足欧Ⅵ的ESC限值要求,尿素喷射总量降至原机(国4的SCR机型)的1/4～1/5.

DOC/POC/SCR组合后处理技术在非电控柴油机排放上的应用研究

在一台经典非电控柴油机上进行了氧化催化剂(diesel oxidation catalyst,DOC)/颗粒氧化转化器(particle oxidation catalyst,POC)/选择性催化还原转化器(selective catalytic reduction,SCR)组合后处理排放控制研究以使其达到国-Ⅴ标准要求,对后处理单元的选择及排布进行了考察。试验结果表明:DOC+POC及SCR单后处理系统仅能使试验发动机排放污染物中颗粒物(PM)或NOx达到国-Ⅴ标准;而DOC/POC/SCR组合后处理系统则可使两种污染物排放均满足标准要求。SCR与DOC+POC排布顺序对污染物去除效率无明显影响。对POC的被动再生研究表明:DOC+POC系统需置于SCR系统前以使排气中NO2量满足POC的连续再生要求,且SCR系统后置也可降低其入口温度,减小温度对涂层的热老化影响。通过陶瓷POC的应用及结构优化设计使得组合后处理系统排气背压控制在25kPa之内,可减少对发动机性能影响。

柴油车排气后处理系统远程监控技术研究

基于GPRS无线传输、单片机、网络传输、数据库和软件设计等技术,对柴油车排气后处理系统远程监控技术进行了研究,设计了集成的监控管理平台。试验结果表明,通过该平台的监控终端可实时完整地监测柴油车排气后处理系统的运行过程参数、故障信息和车辆的有关信息,实现了排气后处理系统的远程监控、车辆的远程调度和故障的远程诊断。

柴油机SCR后处理装置结构性能分析与改进

柴油机后处理装置主要有方形和桶形两种,货车因为空间布置的限制一般采用方形结构,方形后处理装置在实际使用过程中常常会出现载体脱落、隔板开裂,异响等结构问题。为了研究上述问题产生的原因,本文基于ANSYS Workbench对一款方形后处理装置进行结构动力学分析,分析表明:支架和隔板刚度不足是导致载体脱落和异响的主要原因。对后处理装置进行结构改进,并进行仿真分析和试验验证。

基于PEMS的重型柴油车尾气污染物排温敏感性试验研究

围绕国Ⅴ重型柴油车排放气态污染物排温敏感特性规律开展相关研究工作。研究中,基于便携式车载排放测试系统(PEMS)获取典型国Ⅴ重型柴油车实际道路工况下排气系统尾管温度及主要气态污染排放物的瞬态特征。进一步,以瞬态排放因子为关键评价指标,采用温度分段平均法获得目标车主要气态污染物排温敏感特性,结果显示:随排气温度升高,NOx排放总体呈下降趋势,CO和HC排放总体呈先下降后上升趋势。研究表明,国Ⅴ重型柴油车道路工况下排气污染物受排气温度影响显著。

临床后装放射治疗计划系统的研究进展

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