The type, position and age effect on the cutting reproduction of Picea crassifolia and its rooting mechanism in the Qilian Mountains

Picea crassifolia Kom, a perennial arbor spe- cies is recognized as one of the most adaptable plants found to date in Qilian Mountains. To explore the cutting reproduction technology of P. crassifolia and reveal its rooting mechanism, cuttings of P. crassifolia with different cutting types （softwood, hardwood and root）, positions （top, upper, middle and bottom） and ages （7, 10, 15, 20, 25 year-old） were cultivated in a field experiment. One- year old softwood and hardwood cuttings were collected from 7-, 10-, 15-, 20-, and 25 year-old healthy ortets to analyze the changes from endogenous hormones and organic nutrients. Results indicate that the softwood cut- tings （0.5-1.0 cm in diameter） from upper branches of 15 year-old ortets shows better growth performance by improving rooting indexes, including a significant increasein rooting rate and a decrease in basal rot rate. Concomi- tantly, increasing rooting quantity and root length also increased. It is noteworthy that the high rooting rate of P. crassifolia cuttings due to its ability to accumulate high concentrations of indole-3-acetic acid （IAA） and total carbon （TC） rather than abscisic acid （ABA） and total nitrogen （TN）. The rooting rate was mainly regulated by the IAA/ABA and TC/TN ratio. In summary, our results suggest that the softwood cuttings （0.5-1.0 cm in diameter） from upper branches of 15 year-old P. crassifolia can be considered as an effective strategy to improve cutting rooting rate, and the IAA/ABA and TC/TN ratio was one of the main factors limiting the cutting rooting rate of P. crassifolia.

Literature Review: Age Effects in the Second Language Acquisition Focusing on Morphosyntax

Age effect in second language acquisition has been a key question for a long time. It mainly focuses on the discussionabout the critical period. The thesis first introduces import hypothesis and opinions in this area and then analyzes the effects thatage has in morphosyntax area in detail. Thirdly, the analysis of Patkowski's study and Abrahamsson's study are made. Finally, itpoints out the enlightments and suggestions that the literature implies.

Assessment of tree-ring mercury radial translocation and age effect in Masson pine:Implications for historical atmospheric mercury reconstruction

The tree ring has been regarded as an emerging archive to reconstruct historical atmospheric mercury(Hg)trends,but with the large knowledge gaps in the reliability.In this study,we comprehensively evaluated the Hg source,radial translocation and age effect of Masson pine(Pinus massoniana)tree ring at Mt.Jinyun in Chongqing,to assess the suitability of such tree ring as the archive of atmospheric Hg.Results showed that distinct variabilities among Masson pine tree-ring Hg concentration profiles.The Hg concentration significantly increased along with stem height(P<0.05),indicating the Hg in tree rings mainly derived from foliage uptake atmospheric Hg.We found a distinct age effect that the tree ring of young trees had the higher Hg concentration.Besides,we used the advection-diffusion model to demonstrate how Hg concentration shifted by the advection or/and diffusion in tree rings.The modeling results showed that the advection induced radial translocation during the young growth period of tree was a plausible mechanism to result in the tree-ring Hg record largely different from the trend of anthropogenic Hg emissions in Chongqing.We finally suggest that in further Hg dendrochemistry,better discarding the tree-ring Hg profile of the young growth period to reduce impacts of the radial translocation and age effect.

Who Is More Vulnerable?The Age-Period-Cohort Effect of Psychological Distress among Urban Residents in China

How does psychological distress evolve over time?This study utilizes cross-sectional data from the China General Social Survey from 2010 to 2017 to explore the differences in psychological distress among Chinese residents at various ages,periods,and cohorts.The dummy variable method and random effects hierarchical age-period-cohort model were employed to isolate the age,period,and cohort effects that impacted the psychological distress of Chinese urban residents.First,in terms of the age effect,the psychological distress experienced by residents tends to increase initially and then decrease with age.Middle-aged individuals,around 40 years old,often face a particularly severe form of psychological distress known as the“midlife crisis.”Additionally,middle-aged people who have larger families may experience more significant psychological distress due to increased family burdens.Second,in terms of the period effect,the psychological distress experienced by residents has been on the rise due to the continued development of society.Those who are at a disadvantage in market competition and work longer hours may be particularly vulnerable to increased psychological distress.Thirdly,the cohort effect refers to the different social behaviors and attitudes exhibited by individuals of different generations.In terms of this effect,psychological distress initially decreased and then increased among those born between 1945 and 1990.Individuals born in the 1980s and 1990s experienced higher levels of psychological distress,with internet use having a greater negative impact.Additionally,the positive effect of income on their psychological distress was reduced.The psychological distress of Chinese urban residents is affected by a variety of time-related factors,which are closely related to Chinese clan culture,market competition and social changes.The heavy family burden imposed by traditional clan culture,the different working conditions created by market competition,and the emergence of new lifestyles,such as internet use during social changes,have led to diverse psychological distress experiences among residents across different ages,time periods,and cohorts.In the future,longitudinal studies are needed to strengthen the robustness of the conclusions and consider the long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.Mental health support should pay specific attention to the psychological distress of middle-aged individuals,long-time workers,and internet users.

Aging effect and test-retest reliability of the sinusoidal harmonic acceleration test and velocity step test using nanotorque rotatory chair

Introduction:Rotatory chair testing has been used to evaluate horizontal canal function.Frequently used tests include sinusoidal harmonic acceleration test(SHAT)and velocity step test(VST).Objectives:Assessment of age effect on the SHAT and VST and assessment of test-retest reliability of the parameters of those two tests.Methods:A prospective study was performed on 100 subjects with no ear or vestibular complaints and normal vestibular evaluation.They were divided into two groups;Group A:below 50 years of age and Group B:50 years of age or above.SHAT was presented at frequencies 0.02,0.04,0.08,0.16,0.32,0.64 Hz with a peak velocity of 60°/s.VST was performed using a maximum velocity of 100°/s with acceleration and deceleration of 200°/s2.Thirty subjects were tested twice to assess reliability.Results:Study participants ranged in age from 20 to 67 years.Regarding group A,the mean age was30.92±7.31 and 55.36±4.61 for group B.No significant differences were found in SHAT parameters between the two groups.As well,there was no significant difference in VST per-rotatory time constant,however,post-rotatory time constant was significantly longer for Group B(P value<0.05).Intraclass correlation coefficient(ICC)values showed moderate to good reliability(ICC 0.5800.818)for SHAT parameters for the lower frequencies and indicated moderate reliability for VST time constant(ICC 0.5090.652).Conclusions:Age has no significant effect on the parameters of SHAT and VST.Test-retest reliability is generally good for both tests.

AN ANALYSIS OF EFFECTS OF FETAL ORDER AND PARENTAL AGE ON RETINOBLASTOMA

Seventy-eight cases of retinoblastoma (Rb) diagnosed at the Eye ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical University from 1953 to 1985 were studied. The results of multiple logistic regression analysis and conditional probability model showed that high fetal order had a moderate risk (OR=1.28, P<0.05) of developing unilateral Rb. Both unilateral and bilateral cases were independent of parental ages, and no interaction could be found between fetal order and paternal of maternal age; also, the effect of fetal order was not confounded by parental ages.

Nonequilibrium dynamics in two-dimensional Ising spin glass

This paper investigates the nonequilibrium dynamics of two-dimensional Ising spin glass by dynamical Monte Carlo simulations. A new method is developed to quantitatively measure the age of domain growth. Using this method it investigates how temperature shift affects the effective age of domain growth. It finds that the T-shift dependence of the effective age follows the prediction of the droplet model quite well. It also investigates the overlap length between the spin glass states as well as the correlated flips of spins, which are not consistent with the theoretical predictions. The possible reasons are discussed.

Forgiveness Boosts Health;Effect Varies with Age

古谚云,人难免错误,宽恕别人是神圣的。但是,据知,宽恕他人者之身心能获益匪浅。现在研究人员报告称,这种健康受益似乎随年龄的变化而变化,且与宽恕他人、宽恕自己和感受上帝的宽恕的意愿有关。