Impact of Outdoor Activities in Different Landscape Environments on the Physical and Mental Health of College Students

To investigate whether outdoor activities have an improvement effect on the emotions of young people and the differences in the impact of outdoor activities on the emotions of young people under different landscape environmental conditions,the participating students are asked to engage in outdoor activities in different landscape environments and divided into four groups.Each group is assigned to engage in outdoor activities in four types of landscape areas:open lawn area,low shrub area,dense forest area,and waterfront area.The activities include outdoor yoga and making leaf mandalas.The results show that outdoor yoga has the best effect on reducing pulse and blood pressure and regulating emotions in open lawn area and waterfront area,followed by leaf mantras in waterfront area and outdoor yoga in dense forest area.However,both activities have no significant effect in low shrub area.

Simulation Evaluation of Outdoor Noise Environment in Buildings

Green campus design has become an essential strategy to enhance campus life and learning.However,noise pol-lution remains a troubling aspect that impacts teaching and learning processes,even causing harm to the health of students and teachers.Therefore,acoustic environment quality design is crucial.This article focuses on the expansion project of a school campus in Shenzhen.We simulated and analyzed the outdoor noise environment separately for the proposed teach-ing building,as well as the existing buildings like the dining hall,teaching building,and laboratory building.The results showed that the proposed teaching building was mainly affected by surrounding noise,with the worst outdoor noise being in classrooms adjacent to the teaching building in the south and the basketball court at the west of the classroom,with maximum noise values reaching 73 dB and 66 dB,respectively.In the future,these rooms should be renovated to achieve an excellent indoor soundproof environment.

Evidence-based Landscape Design of University Campus:Relationship Between Characteristics of Outdoor Environments and Actual Uses of Students

Several studies have shown a positive relationship between high quality outdoor environments and users’health.Education of agricultural professionals also demands high quality outdoor environments in order to promote students’wellbeing,which in turn supports scientific researches.This study analyzed relationship between students’actual uses and campus outdoor environments,identified what environmental characteristics that students prefered,how they used and why they participated in the outdoor activities.The results could be used as guidance of campus design and management.Investigation of three universities in Harbin provided 686 valid questionnaires.The results suggested that health awareness effectively promoted students’use frequencies of outdoor environments.Environment with"natural"and"cultural"characteristics,especially undulating landform,vibrant plants and landmarks in a serpentins design style attracted more uses.Female students showed more preferences on social interaction activities than males.Students who had good economic consumption levels and participated in outdoor activities frequntly in childhood prefered to join all the kinds of activities after university enrollment.

Renovation of Outdoor Environment in Old Residential Communities Suitable for the Elderly against the Background of Population Aging

More old residential communities have become unsuitable for the elderly because of the aging of outdoor physical environment and functional degradation. This paper investigated behaviors and mental activities of the elderly, problems of outdoor environment in old residential communities, and proposed strategies for the renovation of old residential communities from the perspectives of outdoor environment, road, greening and public supporting facilities according to demands of the elderly on outdoor environment, so as to provide them a comfortable and reasonable outdoor environment.

Effects of Outdoor Thermal Environment upon the Human Responses

In a summer outdoor space, the influence of short-wave length solar radiation on the human body is strongly apparent, heat is retained in the body, and the risk of heat disorders such as heat stroke increases. To avoid this, it is essential to seek shade to avoid the influence of short-wave length solar radiation. In addition, natural ground surfaces such as green spaces and water surfaces are useful in reducing the air temperature. It is indispensable to consider climate mitigation effect of outdoor space. The purpose of this study is to clarify the influence of the thermal environment of an outdoor space on the human body in rural and suburban regions where paddy fields remain. Subject experiments were conducted to examine the relationship between the thermal environment evaluation index enhanced conduction-corrected modified effective temperature (ETFe) in an outdoor space and the physiological and psychological responses of the human body. Experiment sites were selected with consideration for the natural ground surface such as bare ground where the surface is gravel or soil;paved ground such as concrete, asphalt or blocks;green areas covered in plants;and water surfaces, as well as the sky factor due to buildings or trees etc. and the proportion of the solid angle of components of greenery and water etc. comprising the solid angle of the total celestial sphere. A ground surface feature with a high heat capacity may promote sensation of hot and deteriorate the thermal sensation. A landscape of thick vegetation with a high green factor may have a strong feeling of confinement, which can make it somewhat hot and somewhat uncomfortable thermal environment due to the sense of stagnation. Compared with the urban environment, it is conceivable that the difference in the perceptual environment, whereby it is subconsciously assumed to be a comfortable thermal environment, had an effect in the rural and suburban regional environment, resulting in an ETFe lower than the upper limit of comfort in a summer urban environment.

Skin Temperature and Body Surface Section in Non-Uniform and Asymmetric Outdoor Thermal Environment

In indoor environments and shady outdoor environments, there is little influence of short-wavelength solar radiation, so a strikingly non-uniform and asymmetric environment is not formed. In outdoor sunny environment, however, shaded areas occur even for the same site of the body, and a remarkable difference in skin temperature is considered to occur under the influence of the short-wavelength solar radiation. The purpose of this study is to clarify the influence of the non-uniform and asymmetric thermal radiation of short-wavelength solar radiation in outdoor environment on the division of the body surface section and the calculation of the mean skin temperature. The skin temperature of the front of the coronal surface, which was facing the sun and where the body received direct short-wavelength solar radiation, and the skin temperature of the rear of the coronal surface, which was in the shadow and did not receive direct short-wavelength solar radiation were respectively measured. The feet, upper arm, forearm, hand and lower leg, which are susceptible to short-wavelength solar radiation in a standing posture, had a noticeable difference in skin temperature between sites in the sun and in shade. The mean skin temperature of sites facing the sun was significantly higher than the mean skin temperature of those in the shade.

Heart of Landscape and Contribution of Building Environment: Discussions about Landscape Construction of Outdoor Environment Water Circulation System

Recently, the increasing concern about the environmental quality of human settlements makes people realize that the attractive environment given by natural ecology also deficiently needs the feedback and protection of nature in some forms so that the natural ecology can be endlessly cycled on its own. Taking the project of German Enterprise Center in Qingdao Sino-German Ecopark as an example, this paper discussed construction of outdoor environment water circulation system using the landscape building method.

Outdoor thermal environmental research of the mountainous city by GIS

The study of urban outdoor thermal environment was carried out in one of the mountainous cities by using geography information system(GIS) technique which is connected with predicting and evaluating models for the outdoor thermal environment, monitoring data and simulating data. A prediction and evaluation system were set up. A typical mountainous city, i.e., Yunyang city in Chongqing in China, was taken as an example, its urbanization trend and population growth was predicted and evaluated. The heat island intensity and its trend were simulated, the temperature field, velocity field and the humidity field were analyzed. The results show that GIS is an effective tool to deal with the outdoor thermal environment, especially for the mountainous cities with special geographical particularities. GIS can be used in the environmental management and the city planning especially for the mountainous cities.

Promotion and Renewal of the Outdoor Environment of the Collective Housing That Promotes Health <br/>—Based on the Post-Epidemic Perspective

The COVID-19 is a major global health event that has changed people’s lives and behaviors. As a fragile and sensitive area with high population density and poor living conditions in the city, collective housing is also an important construction area for future urban renewal. In the process of the spread of the new crown epidemic, the collective housing has exposed a series of weaknesses such as difficult community management, inconvenience of life, and insufficient outdoor space. Therefore, the update and transformation of the outdoor environment of the collective housing combined with the concept of public health is a problem that must be considered at present. This article combines the practice of renewal and transformation of the X community in Chaoyang District, Beijing, combined with survey methods such as questionnaires, interviews, and observations, combined with the needs of residents and the practical experience of the grassroots management unit, and carried out an overall renewal design of the external space environment of the collective housing. The epidemic is combined with the division of functional layout, refined design of outdoor activity space to ensure safe distance, and increased shared smart facilities to improve the quality of the outdoor environment of collective residences and strengthen community resilience;to achieve communication and sharing, epidemic prevention and control on the basis of ensuring safe social distance outdoor sports and other functions. In this way, the ability of collective housing to prevent, identify, and dispose of urban risks will be improved, and will provide residents with a better and livable community life.

Outdoor Corrosion Performance Study of Selected Construction Materials in Bonny Island

Corrosion studies are important due to the enormous cost involved in the replacement of materials in all kinds of applications. The outdoor study on corrosion behavior of aluminum sheet, chequered aluminum plate and zinc alloys roofing sheet commonly used as construction material within a highly industrial settlement were examined using the gravimetric technique. The outdoor corrosion of these alloys at different sites was observed via its exposure to atmospheric conditions, monitored and recorded for 12 months at an interval of 2 months. Results depicted a process spanning the initial and intermediate stages of corrosion. The samples of construction materials at Bonny island showed substantial weight losses and rate of corrosion which varied largely on percentage of atmospheric humidity, salt precipitations, industrial aerosols and corrosive gases present at the exposure site as well as the nature of the material and the presence of protective coating formed during corrosion process. The rapid rate of deterioration of these materials causes severe economic importance on the indigenes’ activities including the oil and gas industries and other construction companies on the island. Thus, there is urgent need for research concerned with methods to control or prevent excessive deterioration of metals in Bonny Island.

干热地区高校夏季室外热环境研究——以石河子市某高校为例

高校校园是师生室外活动的主要场所,其室外热环境直接影响了师生的舒适程度,尤其在干热地区更加显著。因此,对干热地区高校校园进行热环境研究分析具有重要意义。以干热地区新疆石河子市内典型高校石河子大学北苑新区为研究对象,选取校园内人流量较大且功能性明显的5个区域作为典型点位探究室外热环境。从建筑空间形态、典型点位物理环境参数等角度进行实测数据分析。研究结果表明,点位周边的建筑形态以及是否存在绿化植被对其热环境产生了显著影响,从而为干热地区高校校园热环境的研究与改善提供理论基础,具有一定的参考价值。

干热地区不同居住区夏季室外热环境分析——以石河子市5个居住区为例

随着城镇化的快速发展,大规模的城市开发建设加剧了城市热岛效应,干热地区夏季城市热环境问题尤为突出,城市活力下降。为探究不同形态参数和建筑布局对干热地区居住区夏季室外热环境的影响,通过对石河子市五个典型居住区的热环境物理参数进行实测调研,运用控制变量法对比不同形态参数对居住区的影响,并采用多元回归分析的方法探究干热地区室外热环境的影响因素,以期为干热地区营造健康舒适的室外环境和街区设计提供借鉴和参考。

冷辐射墙系统对室外热环境的改善

选取夏季沈阳西塔步行街作为研究对象,通过实地测量和PHOENICS软件模拟,对比分析了步行街的室外热环境。发现测量数据与模拟数据的趋势大体相同,并且有较好的拟合结果,验证了PHOENICS模拟软件对街区室外热环境模拟的可行性。同时通过热舒适评价指标UTCI评价了湿热天气下街区的热舒适,其中阴影区外的行人活动区域UTCI值达到42℃左右,街区平均UTCI达到37℃左右,属于极端热应力和很强的热应力范围。为改善步行街的室外热环境,建立了冷辐射墙系统,通过试验验证和数据分析证明了冷辐射墙系统对室外热环境有较好的改善效果。最后在PHOENICS模拟软件中,将冷辐射墙模型加到原有的街区模型中,模拟发现在加入冷辐射墙的3号楼附近,风速增加了1m/s,温度降低了3℃左右,验证了冷辐射墙系统在热湿天气下对街区室外热环境有很好的改善效果。

重庆崖线型绿道夏季热环境及影响要素研究——以佛图关公园为例

崖线型绿道是依托重庆特有的山崖线型空间修建的绿道,通过改善夏季热环境,对健康出行有重要意义。通过对佛图关公园内的绿道进行测试,探究其热环境现状与影响机理。发现不同空间形式的绿道热环境差异显著,日照时长和地表均温与UTCI1呈强正相关,在提高绿道热环境方面,绿化山体优于树木,绿地优于石材铺装的下垫面。

基于风环境优化的岭南高校教学组团形态布局设计研究

校园形态与环境舒适性的关系是校园建设的热门议题。探讨高校公共教学组团布局类型及关键设计要素与风环境评价指标的关系,目的在于为风环境导向下的公共教学组团空间形态控制提供思考路径。选取岭南地区54所建成高校公共教学组团作为研究对象,归纳总结组团布局类型,分析风环境相关设计要素(包括建筑朝向、建筑间距与围合形式),抽象高校公共教学组团理想模型,运用Phoenics软件进行夏季风环境模拟;设计单因子变量实验,分析不同因素与室外风环境的关联关系;对3个设计要素进行关联分析,探讨不同设计制约条件下的最优因素水平组合。结果显示,行列式布局在4种布局类型中室外风环境表现最优;当建筑根据地形呈斜向行列式布局时,组团室外风环境舒适性和空间感受较好;建筑间距与组团室外风环境呈正相关关系,但差异性较小;呈E型或S型围合的组团布局模式,连接体采用架空、挖洞等手法进行通透性处理,是兼顾室外风环境舒适性与空间需求的较优组团形式。

老旧小区声环境评价及优化策略研究

老旧小区内部建设年代较早,声环境形势面临一些挑战和问题。基于此,以吉林省长春市为例,选取4个不同建筑布局形式的老旧小区为研究对象,根据小区的不同范围设置多个监测点,同时对居民进行访谈和问卷调查,对小区主要噪声源进行分析。基于噪声问题和居民对于不同声源的偏好性,提出长春市老旧小区室外声环境优化策略,以提高居民生活质量。

恢复性户外办公产品设计策略研究

获得可以指导恢复性户外办公产品设计的系统化策略。首先,调研并整理办公群体的恢复需求。其次,通过文献研究的方式,探究办公产品中针对恢复需求的健康性设计策略;确定带来恢复性的理论机制,归纳产生恢复性效益的关键特征。最后,运用产品情感化设计方法对恢复关键特征进行解读。得到包含“感官体验-功能操作-深层意义”3层次的具恢复性的户外办公产品设计策略。恢复性理论为户外办公产品设计创新提供设计思路与参考。

社区建成环境对老年人户外活动的影响研究——以福州市区为例

文章进行了福州市区社会调查,收集受访者社会属性信息、活动特征等个人数据,测算环境土地利用混合度、建筑密度等环境数据,运用多元线性回归分析方法,来分析研究社区建成环境对老年人户外活动频率的影响,并提出建议。

基于Ladybug+PHOENICS的医院室外风环境模拟与优化

以甘肃省兰州市第一人民医院为例,依托Ladybug和PHOENICS软件对医院夏季和冬季室外风环境进行模拟,并对风环境现状进行分析。通过总结研究兰州市第一人民医院所处地域气候特征和建筑布局形式,从建筑平面布局与细部设计、绿化布局模式等方面,提出医院风环境优化策略;最后,对优化方案进行模拟对比,结果显示:优化后的医院夏季风环境质量明显提高,其舒适区比例由37%提高至76%;冬季主导风向模拟条件下,西侧建筑背后街道风影区面积大幅减少,极大提高了自然通风效能,优化效果明显。

建筑群风场环境下空调室外机周围热环境分析

空调运行时,外部室外机的散热会受到建筑群内复杂风场环境的干扰,继而影响其运行效率。以布置在凹槽内部的空调室外机为研究对象,考虑建筑群内部的流场变化,研究了正面风、后面风向下室外机运行时的热环境,分析了室外机随楼高、位置的热环境差异,并着重对比了处于迎风建筑和下风向建筑中室外机散热的差异。研究表明,空调室外机的运行效能受建筑群内风场环境的影响较大。正面风向下,风速越大,室外机效率越差;下风向建筑B处室外机运行时的效率更差。后面风向下,处于下风向建筑A处室外机的平均进风温度相对来说更高。