Aged People in Chinese Society and Housing Planning for the Elderly People

China is galloping to a society of aged people,accord-ing to the Fourth National Population Survey,there hasbeen 97.38 million people over 60 years of age,accountingfor 8.59% of the total population.In other words,there hasbeen an increase of 0.95 Percentage than that of the ThirdNational Population Survey in 1982.The number of elderlypeople increased in the 8 years period at the annual rate of3.02%,which was one time higher than the average total in-crease(1.48). Five cities and provinces,namely,Shanghai,Beijing,Tianjin,Zhejiang Province and Jiangsu Provincehave already become aged society.By the end of 1991,elder-ly People has reached 100 million.It is estimated that by2000, China will enter aged People’society with the totalamount of 131 million elderly people,accounting for 10%of the total population.Problems of the elderly People are vitally important so-cial issues.We often say that the children are the future ofmankind and there is no hope for the human being Withoutthe healthy development of

Willingness of People of Different Ages to Learn Online——Taking Guizhou Cadre Online Learning School as an Example

The method of statistical analysis is employed in this paper to research the interests of online cadre learners, including learners from administrative organizations directly governed by the provincial government, Zunyi city and the state-owned enterprises directly governed by the provincial government in 2011 through the courseware of Guizhou Cadre Online Learning School. The difference in willingness to study in this manner between people of differing ages is examined through data analysis.

Research progress on the effects of phthalates on reproductive health of childbearing population and their offspring

The total fertility rate of women in childbearing age showed a downward trend in China.In addition to the age and genetic factors,environmental endocrine disruption can also impair fertility.The impact of increasing new environmental pollutants on the couples in childbearing age has become a research hotspot recently.Phthalate acid esters(PAEs)is a common plasticizer in plastic products,which is widely found in toys,food packaging,construction materials,electronic and medical components,personal care products,office and school supplies and other plastic packaging products,and is the main substance of environmental pollution.Multiple studies have shown that PAEs can not only cause environmental and water pollution,but also have a variety of toxic effects such as reproductive toxicity,genotoxicity,immunotoxicity,neurotoxicity,teratogenicity,and carcinogenesis.Therefore,its impact on human health,especially on reproductive health of people of reproductive age and their offspring,cannot be ignored.However,the current epidemiological study of PAEs and new alternatives in reproductive health population is still controversial,and the toxicity mechanism is still in the exploration stage.This article through to PAEs of parental generation,children(including embryo)of reproductive development and the influence of genetic toxicity research progress at home and abroad to do a review,aims to promote effective control measures for the establishment of PAEs pollutants rather than on reproductive health risk prediction,thus for PAEs of adverse reproductive outcomes of reproductive stage of people provide a scientific basis for precision control and guidance.

Serum Vitamin E Reference Intervals in a Black Congolese Population of Kinshasa

Context: Vitamin E is a powerful antioxidant and plays an important role in human reproduction. However, micronutrient deficiency is a major public health problem, particularly in developing countries. This study aimed to establish reference intervals (RIs) for vitamin E in black Congolese people of childbearing age using an ELISA method to provide a reference for clinically assessing vitamin E status. Methods: A total of 127 healthy people between the ages of 20 and 42 who underwent check-ups were randomly selected for the study. ELISA method measured the level of vitamin E. The effect of gender on vitamin E level was assessed, and RI was established using a parametric approach. Results: Women showed significantly higher levels of vitamin E than men (p = 0.01). The RI of vitamin E in people of childbearing age was 3.71 to 13.72, 4.52 to 14.64, and 4.17 to 13.52 mg/L, respectively, for the whole population, women and men. Conclusion: Using an ELISA method, this study established RI for vitamin E in the black Congolese population of childbearing age. We also found that women had significantly higher vitamin E levels than men. The results could provide a scientific basis for interpreting vitamin status in people of childbearing age in our setting.

Japan Soon to Have 20,000 People Over Age 100

日本,是一个世界长寿之国。本文提供的资料,让读者信服:Japan ishome to the world’s oldest woman and man.但是,文章的结尾透露了这种现象也是喜忧掺半。

Optimization of furniture configuration for residential living room spaces in quality elderly care communities in Macao

The living conditions in Macao are characterized by a dense population,a land shortage,and old residences,especially on the Macao Peninsula.This work investigates the demands and living conditions of different types of aged residents of the Youhan Community of Macao through a questionnaire survey and research analysis.The demands and living conditions are then classified and summarized through quantitative analysis,and their correlations are identified.Based on ergonomics and the physical,psychological,and behavioral patterns of aged people,issues that require attention when configuring furniture for different types of aged people in their residential living spaces are identified.Finally,several criteria for interior furniture configuration for different types of aged people are proposed by integrating the demands of different types of aged people with the concerns that need attention.A preliminarily quantifiable model is then proposed for living room furniture configuration from the perspective of aged people.

The strategic framework of tuberculosis control and prevention in the elderly:a scoping review towards End TB targets

With the rapid pace of population ageing,tuberculosis(TB)in the elderly increasingly becomes a public health challenge.Despite the increasing burden and high risks for TB in the elderly,targeted strategy has not been well understood and evaluated.We undertook a scoping review to identify current TB strategies,research and policy gaps in the elderly and summarized the results within a strategic framework towards End TB targets.Databases of Embase,MEDLINE,Global health and EBM reviews were searched for original studies,review articles,and policy papers published in English between January 1990 and December 2015.Articles examining TB strategy,program,guideline or intervention in the elderly from public health perspective were included.Nineteen articles met the inclusion criteria.Most of them were qualitative studies,issued in high-and middle-income countries and after 2000.To break the chain of TB transmission and reactivation in the elderly,infection control,interventions of avoiding delay in diagnosis and containment are essential for preventing transmission,especially in elderly institutions and aged immigrants;screening of latent TB infection and preventive therapy had effective impacts on reducing the risk of reactivation and should be used less reluctantly in older people;optimizing early case-finding with a high index of suspicion,systematic screening for prioritized high-risk groups,initial empirical and adequate follow-up treatment with close monitoring and evaluation,as well as enhanced programmatic management are fundamental pillars for active TB elimination.Evaluation of TB epidemiology,risk factors,impacts and cost-effectiveness of interventions,adopting accurate and rapid diagnostic tools,shorter and less toxic preventive therapy,are critical issues for developing strategy in the elderly towards End TB targets.TB control strategies in the elderly were comprehensively mapped in a causal link pathway.The framework and principals identified in this study will help to evaluate and improve current program,develop targeted strategy,as well as raise more discussions on the research priority settings and policy transitions.Given the scarceness of policy and evaluated interventions,as well as the unawareness of shifting TB epidemiology and strategy especially in developing countries,the increasing need of a ready TB program for the elderly warrants further research.

Improving tuberculosis case detection in underdeveloped multi-ethnic regions with high disease burden:a case study of integrated control program in China

Background:In the underdeveloped multi-ethnic regions of China,high tuberculosis(TB)burden and regional inequity in access to healthcare service increase the challenge of achieving the End TB goals.Among all the provinces,the highest TB burden is reported in Xinjiang,where ethnic minorities and older people have suffered most.However,current case-finding strategy is inadequate given the complex social determinants and suboptimal case detection rates.Thus,we developed an integrated TB control program to improve case detection and conducted a pilot in Xinjiang from 2014 to 2015.In this case study,we summarized the activities and key findings.We also shared the experiences and challenges of implementing interventions and provided recommendations to inform the TB control program in the future.Case presentation:The pilot interventions were implemented in one selected town in Yining based on local TB control programs.By applying tailor-made educational materials,outreach TB educational activities were conducted in diverse ways.In 22 Masjids,the trained imams promoted TB education to the Muslims,covering 20,440 persontimes in 88 delivered preaching sessions.In seven schools,1944 students were educated by the teachers and contributed to educating 6929 family members.In the village communities,13,073 residents participated in household education and screening.Among them,12,292 people aged under 65 years were investigated for suspicious pulmonary TB symptoms,where six TB patients were diagnosed out of 89 TB suspects;781 older people were mobilized for screening directly by chest X-ray,where 10 patients were diagnosed out of 692 participants.Supportive healthcare system,multi-sectoral cooperation and multi-channel financing mechanism were the successful experiences of implementation.The interventions were proved to be more effective than the previous performance:the number of TB suspects consulting doctors and patients detected increased by 50%and 26%,respectively.The potential challenges,implications and recommendations should been taken into account for further program improvement.Conclusions:In underdeveloped multi-ethnic regions with high TB burden,improving case detection is necessary and the interventions can be feasible and effective within a supportive system.More intensive educational and training approaches,a high index of TB suspicion and prioritization of older people in screening are recommended.To sustain and scale up the program,the impacts,cost-effectiveness,feasibility and acceptability of interventions warrant further research and evaluation in each specific context.