Study on Body Form and Garment Size Series of the Middle Age and Aged People

This paper was designed to analyze on the data, which was obtained from 'National Physique Fitness Investigation Report (2000)'. In order to get the typical body form and figure type of the middle age and aged people, it was focused on the body form data of this group (age 40 - 60). After calculation and analyzing, the distinguishing feature of body form and the distribution of figure type were deduced. Finally, the re-classification of body form for Chinese middle age and aged people was suggested. It as also suggested that a new garment size series especially for the middle age and aged should be built to fit for these people. This conclusion would be useful and significant to design and production for clothing company, especially that who take the aged people as their target consumer.

Significance of age and comorbidity as prognostic indicators for patients with bladder cancer

The aim of this study was to determine the impact that age and comorbidity status have on both overall and bladder cancer-specific survival of bladder cancer patients. We obtained medical information pertaining to a population of 528 patients with newly diagnosed bladder cancer from Chung-Ang University Hospital cancer registry. The Adult Comorbidity Evaluation-27 （ACE-27） test, which has been previously validated in adult cancer patients, was used to assess comorbidity. We evaluated differences in the demographic and clinical characteristics of included patients, as well as differences in the treatments they received after categorizing them by age. The median age at the time of bladder cancer diagnosis of the entire cohort was 63 years, and the median follow-up time was 97 months. Of the 528 patients who were included in our study, 303 had at least one comorbid condition and 249 died during the follow-up period. When patients were stratified by age, we found that older patients had a higher proportion of severe comorbidities （P 〈 0.01） than younger patients, and that a lower proportion of them underwent radical cystec- tomy for invasive bladder cancer （IBC） （P 〈 0.01）. By multivariate analysis, we found that older age was predictive of lower overall survival （OS） and bladder cancer-specific survival （BCSS） rates among patients with superficial bladder cancer （SBC） and of lower OS rates among patients with IBC. We also found that moderate-severe comorbidity status and treatment through a bladder-conserving approach were predictive of lower OS and cancer-specific survival rates among patients with IBC. The disparity between overall deaths and bladder cancer deaths was shown in SBC and increased along with age and higher comorbidity. Age and comorbidity were found to be independent predictive factors of OS and BCSS among bladder cancer patients, and explained the disparity that we observed between overall bladder cancer-specific mortality rates.

Aged People in Chinese Society and Housing Planning for the Elderly People

China is galloping to a society of aged people,accord-ing to the Fourth National Population Survey,there hasbeen 97.38 million people over 60 years of age,accountingfor 8.59% of the total population.In other words,there hasbeen an increase of 0.95 Percentage than that of the ThirdNational Population Survey in 1982.The number of elderlypeople increased in the 8 years period at the annual rate of3.02%,which was one time higher than the average total in-crease(1.48). Five cities and provinces,namely,Shanghai,Beijing,Tianjin,Zhejiang Province and Jiangsu Provincehave already become aged society.By the end of 1991,elder-ly People has reached 100 million.It is estimated that by2000, China will enter aged People’society with the totalamount of 131 million elderly people,accounting for 10%of the total population.Problems of the elderly People are vitally important so-cial issues.We often say that the children are the future ofmankind and there is no hope for the human being Withoutthe healthy development of

住院患者慢性病共病现状调查及流行病学分析

目的·分析慢性病共病的现状及分布特征,为进一步加强共病患者对疾病自我管理,实施全程、全方位的共病管理提供参考依据。方法·选取2020年12月—2023年2月上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院老年科2045例住院患者,收集患者一般生命体征、实验室检查指标及患病情况等资料,分析慢性病及共病的流行病学患病分布特征。结果·调查人群慢性病发生率为99.6%,共病患者占94.2%。患病率排名前5位的慢性病依次为高血压(43.68%)、糖尿病(24.81%)、恶性肿瘤(21.48%)、高脂血症(18.38%)和冠心病(11.99%)。其中男性高血压、糖尿病、冠心病、慢性阻塞性肺病、脑卒中、慢性肾脏病检出率均明显高于女性(P<0.05)。共病患者中,合并5种慢性病的患者比例最高(11.99%),其次为合并7种慢性病(10.26%)、6种慢性病(10.04%)。在不同年龄段患者中,50~59岁的患者共病发生率最高(27.78%)。合并2种慢性病的人群中,50~59岁的患者比例高达40.82%。男性患者发生共病的比例(95.37%)高于女性(93.77%),但差异无统计学意义(P=0.125);合并2种和5种慢性病的男性患者比例分别为70.41%和60.63%,均显著高于女性患者(29.59%和39.37%)。其中冠心病与糖尿病、高血压与冠心病、高血压与糖尿病的发病具有相关性(r=0.24,r=0.27,r=0.35,均P<0.05)。结论·中老年人群慢性病及共病患病率较高,并且随着年龄的增长,共病数量明显增加。

Historical Course Follows Climate Change: Patterns of the Northern Hemisphere — From Peoples’ Migration until the Industrial Revolution (3^rd-18^thCentury)

This paper relates to the statement that the so-called “Little Ice Age” (RCC 6: 1.350-1.800 A.D.) represents—besides the 8k-Event (8.200-8.000 yr cal. B.P.)—the fastest and strongest onset in Holocene History [1]. Its intention focuses on the correlation of interplaying natural processes (i.e. solar energy variation, aerosols, oceanic currents, volcanism as part of plate tectonics, heat flow) with social/political evidence through the time-span of Peoples’ Migration until Industrial Revolution (3rd-18th Century). The time-span comprises the cool/wet/respectively dry climate phase of the P.M. (260-550), a Climate Optimum (600-1.100 A.D.) owning a final Thermal Maximum (1.100-1.260 A.D.) and the “little Ice Age” (1.350-1.800 A.D.), the latter intercalated by the Sp&#246;rer Minimum (1.460-1.550 A.D.) and the Maunder Minimum (1.650-1.720 A.D.). Thereby, an average temperature difference of 1.0&#176;C - 2.0&#176;C seems sufficient for incising climatic/cultural consequences [2]. It has become obvious that a Climate Optimum primarily provides constructive life conditions;however with a problematic final as the following “Effect-Chain” tells: balanced agricultural/cultural population growth → rich harvests → satisfying nourishment → health, encouragement → overpopulation under favorable materialistic conditions → increasing stress → lack of food, high prices → revolts → migration. In contrast, cool/wet/resp. dry conditions originate destructive/depressive conditions (see Peoples’ Migration) which initiate the following “Effect Chain”: bad agricultural conditions → poor/no harvesting → famine → disease, growing death rate → social, political revolts, wars → human cruelties with psychic/religious background (inquisition, witch-combustion → general chaos (30 yr-war) → death, migration (maritime endeavors, colonization). Furthermore, it should be stressed that volcanic aerosols play besides the solar influx variation—an important role on climate/cultural change [3]. However, the effects of oceanic currents’ heat flow of Mid-Oceanic Ridges and Hot Spots, as well as Earth-Magnetism and Sun/Earth Geometry are poorly understood in this context (Example: Iceland as hot spot situated on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge having been working since 40 Ma). The Chapter-introducing citations play a challenging role in regard to Science Criticism and touch the so-called 95% Confidence line (accepted realm of causal interrelation and according recommendation to Society [4]).

A cognitive function predicted method by Useful Field of View tests among elder people in Beijing

Objective:To analyze the visual functions of the elder people in China by Useful Field of View (UFOV) to verify performances in Chinese elders.Methods:A total of 90 participants aged 60 years or above were recruited from residents in the Jiade Senior Apartment and the Fuchengmen Public Health Community in Beijing.Participants completed three tests,Mini Mental State Examination (NMSE),Digit Span test and UFOV.We also tested the digit span and UFOV the following year.Results:The correlation between age and MMSE score was significant (r =-0.422,P <.001).Digit Span scores showed significant negative relationships for all three subtests (P <.01) between ages.The scores of UFOV test 1 showed a non-significant correlation with age,r =0.147,P >.1,while UFOV test 2 and UFOV test 3 showed significant positive relationships with ages,(both P <.01).Thirty-nine participants (out of 90) finished the digit span and UFOV the following year.Only UFOV test 3 has a significant differential performance between two years (t =-2.95,P <.01).We found UFOV tests showed the visual response capacity and had a strong correlation with ages (statistically significant).Conclusion:UFOV could be an effective way to evaluate cognitive ability in Chinese elderly people and the selective-attention test of UFOV may be a more sensitive measurement.

Willingness of People of Different Ages to Learn Online——Taking Guizhou Cadre Online Learning School as an Example

The method of statistical analysis is employed in this paper to research the interests of online cadre learners, including learners from administrative organizations directly governed by the provincial government, Zunyi city and the state-owned enterprises directly governed by the provincial government in 2011 through the courseware of Guizhou Cadre Online Learning School. The difference in willingness to study in this manner between people of differing ages is examined through data analysis.

《中国老年癫痫患者管理专家共识》解读

癫痫是老年人群最常见的神经系统疾病之一,仅次于卒中和痴呆。与其它成年癫痫患者相比,老年癫痫存在共患疾病众多、病因复杂、药物耐受性差的特点,在诊断与治疗中亟需加强对老年患者的长程精细化管理。2022年中华医学会神经病学分会脑电图和癫痫学组发表《中国老年癫痫患者管理专家共识》,该共识明确了老年癫痫患者的年龄定义、流行病学、病因和危险因素、临床特点、诊断及治疗推荐。本文将结合该共识与近期国内外研究成果,对老年癫痫患者的定义、共病、药物治疗及长程管理等进行解读,以期提高临床医师对老年癫痫患者的规范化管理认识。

老年共病患者术前认知衰弱的现状及其影响因素及对策

目的调查老年共病患者术前认知衰弱现状,分析其影响因素后提供对策。方法选取天津市某所三级甲等综合医院的217例老年共病术前患者,采用衰弱表型、简易精神状态检查量表进行认知衰弱发生率筛查,并收集其他相关临床资料进行影响因素分析。结果31(14.3%)例患者存在认知衰弱,Logistic回归分析显示,年龄、多重用药、营养不良、腹型肥胖、失眠和焦虑均为认知衰弱的危险因素,共同解释其变异的17.2%(均P<0.05)。结论老年共病患者术前认知衰弱发生率较高,医务人员需加强术前认知衰弱的评估,并根据危险因素制订干预方案,以延缓患者认识衰弱进展,促进患者术后康复。

安徽省农村老年人轻度认知障碍与肌少症共病的影响因素

目的对安徽省两地农村地区60岁以上的老年人进行轻度认知障碍(mild cognitive impairment,MCI)和肌少症的筛查,了解农村老年人MCI和肌少症共病的流行状况及其影响因素,以期为制定二者的共同预防和共同管理策略提供依据。方法采用方便抽样,在安徽省霍山县和临泉县的农村地区各抽取2~3个自然村开展研究。采用二元logistic回归进行共病的影响因素分析,数据分析和绘图采用SPSS、Stata软件完成。结果年龄、性别、抑郁、日常生活能力(activity of daily living,ADL)量表评分以及体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)是MCI和肌少症共病的影响因素。与男性相比,女性患MCI与肌少症共病风险更高(OR=2.702,95%CI:1.436~5.083)。年龄每增加1岁,MCI与肌少症共病风险显著上升(OR=1.073,95%CI:1.029~1.119)。有抑郁症状的研究对象MCI和肌少症共病的风险更高(OR=2.764,95%CI:1.653~4.623),此外,BMI指数较高的研究对象共病风险更高(OR=1.080,95%CI:1.018~1.146)。然而,研究对象ADL评分越高,共病风险越低(OR=0.871,95%CI:0.837~0.907)。结论在安徽省部分农村地区老年人MCI和肌少症共病的患病率较高;女性和高龄老人是农村地区MCI和肌少症共病的重要危险因素;有抑郁症状、高BMI可能导致老年人MCI和肌少症共病的风险增加;较高的日常活动能力与较低的MCI和肌少症共病风险有关。

养老机构封闭管理期间老人慢性病共病对家属身心健康的影响——多重中介模型分析

目的探讨封闭管理期间养老机构老年人慢性病共病与家属身心健康的关系,并分析压力知觉和无法忍受不确定性在其中的中介效应。方法选取陕西省9个养老机构568名老年人家属,采用简版压力知觉量表、无法忍受不确定性量表和世界卫生组织五项身心健康量表进行调查,采用Stata对数据进行相关分析及中介效应检验。结果①老年人慢性病共病分别与家属的压力知觉(r=0.16,P<0.001)、家属的无法忍受不确定性(r=0.11,P=0.006)呈正相关,与家属的身心健康呈负相关(r=-0.13,P=0.002);②压力知觉在老年人慢性病共病和家属身心健康之间的中介效应为-0.023,占总效应的18.8%;无法忍受不确定性在老年人慢性病共病和家属身心健康之间的中介效应为-0.041,占总效应的33.5%。结论养老机构封闭管理期间,与非慢性病共病家属相比,慢性病共病老年人家属身心健康状态较差,并且可以通过增加压力知觉或无法忍受不确定性导致家属身心健康质量下降。

Age,blood tests and comorbidities and AIMS65 risk scores outperform Glasgow-Blatchford and pre-endoscopic Rockall score in patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding

BACKGROUND Upper gastrointestinal(GI)bleeding is a life-threatening condition with high mortality rates.AIM To compare the performance of pre-endoscopic risk scores in predicting the following primary outcomes:In-hospital mortality,intervention(endoscopic or surgical)and length of admission(≥7 d).METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of 363 patients presenting with upper GI bleeding from December 2020 to January 2021.We calculated and compared the area under the receiver operating characteristics curves(AUROCs)of Glasgow-Blatchford score(GBS),pre-endoscopic Rockall score(PERS),albumin,international normalized ratio,altered mental status,systolic blood pressure,age older than 65(AIMS65)and age,blood tests and comorbidities(ABC),including their optimal cut-off in variceal and non-variceal upper GI bleeding cohorts.We subsequently analyzed through a logistic binary regression model,if addition of lactate increased the score performance.RESULTS All scores had discriminative ability in predicting in-hospital mortality irrespective of study group.AIMS65 score had the best performance in the variceal bleeding group(AUROC=0.772;P<0.001),and ABC score(AUROC=0.775;P<0.001)in the non-variceal bleeding group.However,ABC score,at a cut-off value of 5.5,was the best predictor(AUROC=0.770,P=0.001)of inhospital mortality in both populations.PERS score was a good predictor for endoscopic treatment(AUC=0.604;P=0.046)in the variceal population,while GBS score,(AUROC=0.722;P=0.024),outperformed the other scores in predicting surgical intervention.Addition of lactate to AIMS65 score,increases by 5-fold the probability of in-hospital mortality(P<0.05)and by 12-fold if added to GBS score(P<0.003).No score proved to be a good predictor for length of admission.CONCLUSION ABC score is the most accurate in predicting in-hospital mortality in both mixed and non-variceal bleeding population.PERS and GBS should be used to determine need for endoscopic and surgical intervention,respectively.Lactate can be used as an additional tool to risk scores for predicting inhospital mortality.

老年共病病人药物素养研究进展

从药物素养的概念、评估工具、影响因素及干预措施等方面进行阐述,指出今后应探索开发契合老年病人药物素养的评估工具,并加大老年共病病人用药方面的宣教力度,规范临床医疗专业人员药物培训机制,提高病人的药物素养和服药依从性。

中老年人心血管代谢性共病患病率与影响因素的Meta分析

目的评估中老年人心血管代谢性共病的患病率及影响因素。方法计算机检索中国知网、万方数据库、维普网、CBM、PubMed、Cochrane library、Embase、Scopus数据库,检索心血管代谢性共病患病率相关的文献,检索时间从建库起至今,由2名研究者独立完成文献纳入、数据提取、质量评价,再通过Stata17.0软件进行分析。结果本研究最终纳入14篇文献,共计332932例参与者。Meta分析的结果显示,中老年人心血管代谢性共病的患病率为14.6%(95%CI 10.0~19.2),女性、老年人、城市、经济状况较好、超重或肥胖、抑郁人群发生心血管代谢性共病的风险更高。结论中老年人心血管代谢性共病患病率较高,应在高风险人群中做好预防和管理的工作,应为弱势群体倾斜社会资源,提高整体健康水平。

Research progress on the effects of phthalates on reproductive health of childbearing population and their offspring

The total fertility rate of women in childbearing age showed a downward trend in China.In addition to the age and genetic factors,environmental endocrine disruption can also impair fertility.The impact of increasing new environmental pollutants on the couples in childbearing age has become a research hotspot recently.Phthalate acid esters(PAEs)is a common plasticizer in plastic products,which is widely found in toys,food packaging,construction materials,electronic and medical components,personal care products,office and school supplies and other plastic packaging products,and is the main substance of environmental pollution.Multiple studies have shown that PAEs can not only cause environmental and water pollution,but also have a variety of toxic effects such as reproductive toxicity,genotoxicity,immunotoxicity,neurotoxicity,teratogenicity,and carcinogenesis.Therefore,its impact on human health,especially on reproductive health of people of reproductive age and their offspring,cannot be ignored.However,the current epidemiological study of PAEs and new alternatives in reproductive health population is still controversial,and the toxicity mechanism is still in the exploration stage.This article through to PAEs of parental generation,children(including embryo)of reproductive development and the influence of genetic toxicity research progress at home and abroad to do a review,aims to promote effective control measures for the establishment of PAEs pollutants rather than on reproductive health risk prediction,thus for PAEs of adverse reproductive outcomes of reproductive stage of people provide a scientific basis for precision control and guidance.

Serum Vitamin E Reference Intervals in a Black Congolese Population of Kinshasa

Context: Vitamin E is a powerful antioxidant and plays an important role in human reproduction. However, micronutrient deficiency is a major public health problem, particularly in developing countries. This study aimed to establish reference intervals (RIs) for vitamin E in black Congolese people of childbearing age using an ELISA method to provide a reference for clinically assessing vitamin E status. Methods: A total of 127 healthy people between the ages of 20 and 42 who underwent check-ups were randomly selected for the study. ELISA method measured the level of vitamin E. The effect of gender on vitamin E level was assessed, and RI was established using a parametric approach. Results: Women showed significantly higher levels of vitamin E than men (p = 0.01). The RI of vitamin E in people of childbearing age was 3.71 to 13.72, 4.52 to 14.64, and 4.17 to 13.52 mg/L, respectively, for the whole population, women and men. Conclusion: Using an ELISA method, this study established RI for vitamin E in the black Congolese population of childbearing age. We also found that women had significantly higher vitamin E levels than men. The results could provide a scientific basis for interpreting vitamin status in people of childbearing age in our setting.

Neurotherapeutic potential of erythropoietin after ischemic injury of the central nervous system

Erythropoietin (EPO) is one of the most successful biopharmaceuticals in history and is used for treating anemia of different origins. However, it became clear that EPO could also work in a neuroprotective, antiapoptotic, antioxidative, angiogenetic and neurotropic way. It causes stimulation of cells to delay cell apoptosis, especially in the central nervous system. In rodent models of focal cerebral ischemia, EPO showed an impressive reduction of infarct size by 30% and improvement of neurobehavioral outcome by nearly 40%. A large animal model dealing with ischemia and reperfusion of the spinal cord showed that EPO could reduce the risk of spinal cord injury significantly. In addition, some clinical studies tested whether EPO works in real live clinical settings. One of the most promising studies showed the innocuousness and improvements in follow-up, outcome scales and in infarct size, of EPO-use in humans suffering from ischemic stroke. Another study ended unfortunately in a negative outcome and an increased overall death rate in the EPO group. The most possible reason was the involvement of patients undergoing simultaneously systemic thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator. An experimental study on rats demonstrated that administration of EPO might exacerbate tissue plasminogen activator-induced brain hemorrhage without reducing the ischemic brain damage. This case shows clearly how useful animal models can be to check negative side effects of a treatment before going into clinical trials. Other groups looked in human trials at the effects of EPO on the outcome after ischemic stroke, relation to circulating endothelial progerdtor cells, aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, traumatic brain injury, hemoglobin transfusion thresholds and elective first-time coronary artery bypass surgery. Most of the results were pos-让ive, but are based mostly on small group sizes. However, some of the most neglected facts when focusing on experimental setups of ischemia of the central nervous system are issues like age and comorbidities. It might be extremely worthy to consider these points for future projects, because EPO might influence all these factors.

Prevalence and risk factors of organ failure in patients with severe acute pancreatitis

BACKGROUND： This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of organ failure and its risk factors in patients with severe acute pancreatitis （SAP） .METHODS： A retrospective analysis was made of 186 patients with SAP who were had been hospitalized in the intensive care unit of Jinzhong First People’s Hospital between March 2000 and October 2009. The patients met the diagnostic criteria of SAP set by the Surgical Society of the Chinese Medical Association in 2006. The variables collected included age, gender, etiology of SAP, the number of comorbidit, APACHEII score, contrast-enhanced CT （CECT） pancreatic necrosis, CT severity index （CTSI） , abdominal compartment syndrome （ACS） , the number of organ failure, and the number of death. The prevalence and mortality of organ failure were calculated. The variables were analyzed by unconditional multivariate logistic regression to determine the independent risk factors for organ failure in SAP.RESULTS： Of 186 patients, 96 had organ failure. In the 96 patients, 47 died. There was a significant association among the prevalence of organ failure and age, the number of comorbidity, APACHEII score, CECT pancreatic necrosis, CTSI, and ACS. An increase in age, the number of comorbidity, APACHEII score, CECT pancreatic necrosis were correlated with increased number of organ failure. Age, the number of comorbidity, APACHEII score, CECT pancreatic necrosis, CTSI and ACS were assessed by unconditional multivariate logistic regression.CONCLUSIONS： Organ failure occurred in 51.6% of the 186 patients with SAP. The mortality of SAP with organ failure was 49.0%. Age, the number of comorbidity, APACHEII score, CECT pancreatic necrosis, CTSI and ACS are independent risk factors of organ failure.

3omorbidity and survival of patients selected for radica prostatectomy at an age of 75 years or older

Radical prostatectomy in elderly patients is controversial. To identify very old candidates for radical prostatectomy with the highest probability of long-term survival, we studied 47 consecutive men who underwent radical prostatectomy between 1992 and 2005 at an age of 75 years or older. A heuristic approach was used to search for subgroups with particularly high long-term survival. Several two-sided comorbidity measures and combinations of these measures were investigated to find classifications best identifying healthy, long-living elderly candidates for radical prostatectomy. Four of the 25 two-sided comorbidity classifications or combinations reached the significance level with hazard ratios between 4.00 and 4.80. After 10 years, patients identified as healthy patients according to these comorbidity measurements had exhibited relative survival rates between 129% and 137% and overall survival rates between 86% and 95%, whereas those with comorbidities had exhibited relative survival rates of only 66%-84% and overall survival rates of 44%-58%. In conclusion, classifying comorbidity may identify a meaningful proportion of men selected for radical prostatectomy at an age of 75 years or older with an excellent long-term survival probability superseding that of the general population.

Co-morbidity,not age predicts adverse outcome in clostridium difficile colitis

AIM To examine whether age alone or co-morbidity is a risk factor for death in olderadults who developed Clostridium difficile(Cd)colitis during hospitalization.METHODS A retrospective,observationalstudy design was performed in our Lady ofMercy Medical Center,a 650-bed,urban,community-based,university-affiliated teachinghospital.121 patients with a positive diagnosisof Cd colitis Caged 23-97 years)were studied,and data pertinent to demographic variables,medical history,co-morbidity,physicalexamination,and laboratory results werecollected.Age was examined as a continuousvariable and stratified into Age1(【80 vs 80+);Age2(【60,60-69,70-79 and 80+);or Age3(【60,60-69,70-79,80-89,90+).RESULTS Cd colitis occurs more frequentlywith advancing age(55% of cases 】80 years).However,age,per se,had no effect onmortality.A history of cardiac disease(P=0.036),recurrent or refractory infection】4weeks(P=0.007),low serum total protein(P=0.034),low serum albumin(P=0.001),antibiotic use 】4 weeks(P【0.010),use of over 4 antibiotics(P=0.026),and use of certainclasses of antibiotics(P=0.035-0.004)werepredictive of death.Death was stronglypredicted by the use of penicillin-like antibioticsplus clindamycin,in the presence ofhypoalbuminemia,refractory sepsis,andcardiac disease(P=0.00005).CONCLUSION Cd colitis is common in the veryold.However,unlike co-morbidity,age alonedoes not affect the clinical outcome(survival vsdeath).