Characteristics of the HIV/AIDS Epidemic among People Aged≥50 Years in China during 2018–2021

Objective This study aimed to determine the current epidemiological status of PLWHA aged≥50 years in China from 2018 to 2021.It also aimed to recommend targeted interventions for the prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS in elderly patients.Methods Data on newly reported cases of PLWHA,aged≥50 years in China from 2018 to 2021,were collected using the CRIMS.Trend tests and spatial analyses were also conducted.Results Between 2018 and 2021,237,724 HIV/AIDS cases were reported among patients aged≥50 years in China.The main transmission route was heterosexual transmission(91.24%).Commercial heterosexual transmission(CHC)was the primary mode of transmission among males,while non-marital non-CHC([NMNCHC];60.59%)was the prevalent route in women.The proportion of patients with CHC decreased over time(Z=67.716,P<0.01),while that of patients with NMNCHC increased(Z=153.05,P<0.01).The sex ratio varied among the different modes of infection,and it peaked at 17.65 for CHC.The spatial analysis indicated spatial clustering,and the high-high clustering areas were mainly distributed in the southwestern and central-southern provinces.Conclusion In China,PLWHA,aged≥50 years,were predominantly infected through heterosexual transmission.The primary modes of infection were CHC and NMNCHC.There were variations in the sex ratio among different age groups,infected through various sexual behaviors.HIV/AIDS cases exhibited spatial clustering.Based on these results,the expansion of HIV testing,treatment,and integrated behavioral interventions in high-risk populations is recommended to enhance disease detection in key regions.

Factors Associated with Mortality in Children Aged 1 Month to 15 Years Hospitalized in the Pediatric Ward of the Kalaban-Coro Reference Health Center: Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction: Infant and child mortality is a worldwide concern, but developing countries such as Mali are more affected. The aim of this study was to investigate morbidity and factors associated with mortality in children aged 1 month to 15 years. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study which took place from January 1 to December 31, 2020 covering children aged 1 month to 15 years hospitalized at the Kalaban-Coro CSRéf. Data were entered into Excel and analyzed using SPSS version 20 software. Results: Five hundred children aged 1 months to 15 years were included. The age range 1 to 5 years (53.6%) and male sex (58.2%) were the most represented. Malaria (72.2%), acute respiratory infections (6.2%) and diarrhea/dehydration (3%) were the main morbidities. Mortality was estimated at 10.6%, and the two main causes of death were malaria (56.6%) and acute respiratory infections (7.54%). Univariate analysis revealed a statistically significant association between the dependent variable (death) and age (p Conclusion: This study confirms the high rate of infant and child morbidity and mortality in our health facilities. Strengthening human resources and intensifying behavior-change communication can help reverse the trend.

Bowel preparation protocol for hospitalized patients ages 50 years or older:A randomized controlled trial

BACKGROUND The incidence and mortality rate of colorectal cancer progressively increase with age and become particularly prominent after the age of 50 years.Therefore,the population that is≥50 years in age requires long-term and regular colonoscopies.Uncomfortable bowel preparation is the main reason preventing patients from undergoing regular colonoscopies.The standard bowel preparation regimen of 4-L polyethylene glycol(PEG)is effective but poorly tolerated.AIM To investigate an effective and comfortable bowel preparation regimen for hospitalized patients≥50 years in age.METHODS Patients were randomly assigned to group 1(2-L PEG+30-mL lactulose+a lowresidue diet)or group 2(4-L PEG).Adequate bowel preparation was defined as a Boston bowel preparation scale(BBPS)score of≥6,with a score of≥2 for each segment.Non-inferiority was prespecified with a margin of 10%.Additionally,the degree of comfort was assessed based on the comfort questionnaire.RESULTS The proportion of patients with a BBPS score of≥6 in group 1 was not significantly different from that in group 2,as demonstrated by intention-to-treat(91.2%vs 91.0%,P=0.953)and per-protocol(91.8%vs 91.0%,P=0.802)analyses.Furthermore,in patients≥75 years in age,the proportion of BBPS scores of≥6 in group 1 was not significantly different from that in group 2(90.9%vs 97.0%,P=0.716).Group 1 had higher comfort scores(8.85±1.162 vs 7.59±1.735,P<0.001),longer sleep duration(6.86±1.204 h vs 5.80±1.730 h,P<0.001),and fewer awakenings(1.42±1.183 vs 2.04±1.835,P=0.026)than group 2.CONCLUSION For hospitalized patients≥50 years in age,the bowel preparation regimen comprising 2-L PEG+30-mL lactulose+a low-residue diet produced a cleanse that was as effective as the 4-L PEG regimen and even provided better comfort.

Prevalence and Years Lived with Disability for Dental Caries among Children Aged 0-14 Years in China, 1990-2016

The estimate of dental caries among Chinese children at the microscale level using standard methodology remains unclear. In this study, we assessed and analyzed the disease burden of childhood dental caries in China by extracting data from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 （GBD 2016）. In 2016, the number of cases, prevalence, years lived with disability （YLD）, and age-standardized YLD rate of dental caries was 93.0 million, 43.0%, 32,200 person years, and 14.8 per 100,000, respectively. Across 33 provincial units, the disease burden was highest in Hubei （YLD rate 28.6 per 100,000）, lowest in Macao （9.1 per 100,000）, while geographical clustering was not observed. Compared with 1990, the prevalence in 2016 decreased from 46.8% to 43.0%, and the YLD rate decreased from 16.5 per 100,000 to 14.8 per 100,000. Given the slight decrease in dental caries burden, the prevalence and disease burden remained high among Chinese children. Strategies for addressing the spatial inequity of childhood dental caries require geographical targeting.

Risk Factors for Geo-Helminthiasis in Children Aged 6 - 36 Months in a Rural Health District in Cameroon

Introduction and Objectives: Soil-Transmitted-Helminthiasis (STH) is a public health problem in Cameroon. The control strategies currently in place, particularly chemoprevention, has shortcomings linked to the target population, which are school-age children. The objective was to determine the prevalence and the risk factors associated with geo-helminthiasis in children aged 0 to 3 years in a rural health district. Method: From December 2020 to May 2021, a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study of 376 children between 6 and 36 months was carried out in the Akonolinga health district. This was a cluster sampling in 4 health areas. Stool samples were collected and analysed using the mini-FLOTAC method. The results expressed as the number of eggs per gram of stool. A questionnaire on socio-demographic and lifestyle data was administered to the parents. The Chi-squared test was used to measure the association between geo-helminth infection and the data collected. A multivariate analysis using logistic regression was performed (p 0.05). Results: The prevalence of STH was 19.4% (Ascaris lumbricoides: 16% and Trichuris trichiura: 8%). Risk factors were: consumption of contaminated water (AOR = 1.93 [1.03 - 3.6];p = 0.040), early contact of the child with the ground (before age of 4 months) (AOR = 4.9 [2.1 - 11.37];p .001), habit of walking barefoot (AOR = 2.91 [1.1 - 7.97];p = 0.038), and living in a habitat with unpaved ground (AOR = 7.4 [1.55 - 35.7];p = 0.012). Conclusion: The prevalence of STHs in infants was high. Preventive chemotherapy should be extended to this age-group, and other measures intensified.

Dietary Behaviors and Influencing Factors among Rural Left-behind Children Aged below 7 Years in China

Left-behind children comprise a special population inChinese rural areas. According to the 2007 China Census,the number ofleft-behind children aged≤14 years was estimated at 58 million which suggested that these childrencon stituted a

Factors Influencing Preventive Behaviors of Mothers for Diarrhea in Children Aged 1-5 Years in Buol District, Indonesia

This study aims to determine the factors related with mothers＇ behaviors in preventing diarrhea in children aged 1-5 years inBuol District. This was a cross-sectional survey design with health belief model as the conceptual framework. A total of 300mothers were selected by using purposive sampling method based on criteria. Mothers were interviewed by using astructured questionnaire during October to November 2015. A chi-square （X^2） test was used to determine a significantassociation between independent variables and dependent variable. The finding showed that 68.3% of mothers hadgood behaviors in preventing diarrhea. The factors significantly related to mothers＇ behaviors included perceivedsusceptibility to diarrhea, perceived severity of diarrhea, perceived benefits of diarrhea prevention behaviors, and perceivedbarriers of diarrhea prevention behaviors CP 〈 .01, p 〈 .01, p 〈 .01, and p 〈 .01 respectively）. Further, mothers had highperception to comply with diarrhea prevention behaviors. Those who perceived that diarrhea prevention behaviors werehighly beneficial to their children had good behaviors in preventing diarrhea. However, taking certain actions must considernegative aspects.

The overview of the language acquisition for Chinese city children aged 0-3 years

This paper examines the language development of Chinese children aged 0-3years in city family. About baby＇s language development by the time stages accordingly. Paying special attention to the efforts for the parents or caregivers. Infants receive more talking education and speak earlier. Most parents can hardly wait for their baby to say its first word and communicate with their baby. From about 2 years old, the child should be able to use simple phrases, retell simple story and even to sing song. Parents play an important role in this stage. By the 3 years children begin to use most of function words rather than omit them. And acquisition for the second language will help children＇s language development. The children have a gift for learning language.

Epidemiologic surve of blood lipid level among 1401 residents aged≥60 years in rong-gui community

Objectives To investigate prevalence of blood lipid level among 1401 residents aged≥60 years in rong-gui community.Methods 1401 ones(579 males,822 females, (68.12±6.64)years Of total 1503 residents aged≥60 years in the 2 villages which were randomly exampled in rong-gui community were investigated.867 ones aged among 60-69 years(61.9%),430 ones aged among 70-79 years (30.7%),104 ones aged≥60 years(7.4%).Investigative items included age,sex,total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride (TG),body height,body weight,waist circumference(WC), hip circumference(HC),fasting plasma glucose(FG),blood pressure,history of past illness,body mass index(BMI), waist hip ratio(WHR),waist height ratio(WHtR).Results (l)Of total 1401 residents,Prevalence of hyperlipemia were 42.8%,female were signifleanfly higher than male(P【0.01), The difference among three age groups were not significant, the combined prevalence of hyperlipemia and borderline hyperlipemia was 80.1%.(2)The FG、BMI、SBP、DBP、WC、WHR、WHtR of residents with hyperlipemia were higher than ones with normal blood lipid level(P【0.01).(3)By Pearson correlation analysis,we found that hyperlipemia was obviously correlated with FG,BMI,WC,WHR,WHtR, SBP,DBP.Conclusions(1)Prevalence of hyperlipemia were 42.8%,female were signifleanfly higher than male.(2) hyperlipemia were obviously correlated with higher FG、BMI、WC、WHR、WHtR、SBP、DBP.

Epidemiologic surve of Overweight and obesity among residents aged≥60 years in ronggui community

Objectives To investigate prevalence of overweight and obesity among residents aged 3≥60 years in ronggui community.Methods 1372 ones(570 males,802 females,68.03±6.62 years) Of total 1503 residents aged≥60 years in the 2 villages which were randomly exampled in rong-gui community were investigated.857 ones aged among 60-69 years(62.5%),416 ones aged among 70-79 years (30.3%),99 ones aged≥60 years(7.2%).Investigative items included age,sex,body height,body weight,waist circumference(WC),hip circumference(HC)、fasting plasma glucose(FG),total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),blood pressure,history of past illness,body mass index(BMI),waist hip ratio(WHR) and waist height ratio(WHtR).Results (1)Of total 1372 residents,the combined prevalence of overweight and obesity was 39.4%.Prevalence of overweight, obesity were 29.4%,10.0%respectively.Prevalence of overweight, obesity of male were 30.8%,6.0%,and female, 28.5%,12.8%respectively.Prevalence of overweight,obesity of residents aged 60-69 years were 31.2%,11.3%,70-79 years were 27.0%,9.1%and≥80 years were 25.2%,2.0% respectively.The difference between male and female、among three age groups were not significant.(2)Of total 1372 residents, prevalence of central adiposity were 34.6%,male was 15.9%and female was 52.4%,female signifleanfly higher than male(P【0.01).(3)The FG^TG.SBP^DBP of residents with overweight、obesity or central adiposity were higher than residents with normal weight or WC(P【0.01).(4)By Pearson correlation analysis,we found that overweight、obesity and central adiposity were obviously correlated with FG、TG、SBP、DBP(P【0.01),were not correlated with TC(P】0.05). Conclusions(1)Of total 1372 residents,the combined preva- lence of overweight and obesity was 39.4%,prevalence of overweight,obesity were 29.4%,10.0%respectively,prevalence of central adiposity were 34.6%,female was 52.4%, female signifleanfly higher than male.(2)overweight.obesity and central adiposity were obviously correlated with FG,TG, SBP,DBP.

Surgical results and prognosis of patients with primary bronchogenic carcinoma aged less than 30 years

Objective To investigate and analyze the clinical and pathological features of surgical treatment for primary bronchogenic carcinoma in adolescent patients. Methods A retrospective review is presented of patients less than 30 years with surgical treatment of bronchogenic

介入治疗90岁及以上下肢动脉闭塞症患者的临床疗效

目的探讨90岁以上下肢动脉闭塞症患者经皮下肢动脉腔内成形手术的临床疗效。方法选择2018年1月至2022年12月首都医科大学宣武医院收治的下肢动脉硬化闭塞症患者18例,均采用下肢动脉腔内成形术进行治疗。结果所有患者手术成功。16例患者手术前间歇性跛行距离为(125.56±119.77)m,手术后为(338.89±259.84)m(t=5.09,P<0.05);手术前踝肱指数为0.31±0.20,出院时踝肱指数为0.71±0.16(t=-11.52,P<0.05)。其中15例术后3个月Rutherford分级得到不同程度的提高,血管治疗长度[(250.45±213.50)mm]与Rutherford分级提升无相关性(P=0.703),而术后血管恢复比值(0.82±0.17)与Rutherford分级提升存在相关性(P=0.022)。结论介入治疗90岁及以上下肢动脉闭塞症患者的临床效果显著,能够保留患者部分自理能力,提高生活质量。

National Nutrition and Health Systematic Survey for Children 0–17 Years of Age in China

The main purpose of the National Nutrition and Health Systematic Survey for children 0-17 years of age in China(CNHSC)was to collect basic data on the nutrition,development,and health status for children in different regions across China using evidence-based,reliable,and cost-effective approaches.Children and their parents or guardians from seven regions(south,southwest,north,northwest,eastern,central,and northeast China)in China were recruited.A multi-stage stratified randomized sampling method was used.Two provinces were randomly sampled from each of the seven regions,from which one urban district and one rural country were also randomly sampled,resulting in a total of 28 survey counties/districts.Dietary surveys,health examinations,laboratory testing,and questionnaires were used to collect dietary intake,nutritional status,child development,and health status information.Nutrition,health,and lifestyle assessment of children and their parents was determined using the Knowledge Attitude Practice(KAP)survey.Greater than 100,000 children(38,000 children<6 years of age and 66,000 children6-17 years of age)completed the survey.The survey provided comprehensive data on child nutrition and health status for future studies and will serve as the basis for an integrated nutrition and health improvement strategies proposal for children in China.

Introducing a 2nd Universal Space-Time Constant Can Explain the Observed Age of the Universe and Dark Energy

The purpose of this paper is to introduce new theoretical concepts as opposed to accepting the existence of dark entities, such as dark energy. This research sought to introduce a 2nd universal space-time constant, besides having a finite speed constant (speed of light in vacuum c). A finite universal age constant b is introduced. Namely, this paper shows that the changes in the Earth’s anomalistic year duration over time support the hypothesis of the age of the universe correlating with a maximum number of orbital revolutions constant. Neglecting the gravitational influence of other cosmological entities in the proximity of the Earth, the constant maximum number of revolutions is herewith determined solely by the Earth’s orbital revolutions around the Sun. The value of the universal age constant b is calculated to be around 13.8 billion orbital revolutions, derived out of an equation related to the changes in the Earth’s anomalistic year duration over time and the so-called Hubble tension. The above-mentioned calculated value b correlates well with the best fit to measured data of the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR) by the Planck spacecraft, the age of the observed universe is measured to be approximately 13.787 ± 0.020 billion years (2018 final data release). Developing a theory with this 2nd universal space-time constant b, being covariant with respect to the Lorentz transformations when time spans are large, gives results such as: A confirmation of the measured CMBR value of 13.787 ± 0.020 billion years. Correlating well with the observed expansion rate of the universe (dark energy). The universe’s expansion accelerating over the last four to five billion years.

Ailogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for malignant hematological diseases in patients older than 50 years of age

Objective To investigate the efficiency and safety of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for malignant hematological diseases in patients older than 50 years of age. Methods From May 2002 to January 2010,35 patients P 】 50 years with malignant hematological diseases received allogeneic hematopoietic

Age Structure and Change Trend of Tobacco Farmers:A Case Study of Shashi Town,Liuyang City,Hunan Province

Taking the tobacco-growing area of Shashi Town,Liuyang City as the object,the number of registered,newly added and resigned tobacco farmers in each year,average age,number and proportion of tobacco farmers of different ages,number and proportion of tobacco farmers born in different eras,as well as planting scale and planting history of flue-cured tobacco in the last 10 years were analyzed statistically.The results showed that the number of tobacco farmers in Shashi Town showed a rapid decline trend from 2012 to 2018,while the average age continuously increased,and the average planting scale rose in a wave like way.From 2019 to 2021,the decline rate of the number of tobacco farmers slowed down,and the average planting scale continuously increased,while the aging of tobacco farmers accelerated.Meantime,the birth years of tobacco farmers were further concentrated in the 1960s,and they were mainly at the age of 50-59.The tobacco industry in Shashi Town of Liuyang City is facing the crisis of aging tobacco farmers and no successor of flue-cured tobacco planting,and it is predicted that the next 5-10 years will continue the change trend from 2019 to 2021.

90岁以上高龄缺血性脑卒中患者颅内外动脉硬化研究

目的探讨90岁以上高龄缺血性脑卒中患者颅内外动脉硬化的分布特点及相关危险因素。方法连续回顾2009年7月至2014年7月在该院住院诊断为缺血性卒中且已行头颈部CT血管造影(CTA)检查的患者。年龄大于或等于90岁者设为研究组,年龄小于90岁者设为对照组,比较两组CTA影像形态学特点及差异,分析两组患者既往病史、体质量指数、血压、血糖、尿酸、血脂等危险因素与颅内外动脉硬化发生的关系。结果研究组的颅内外动脉狭窄、斑块发生率均显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。研究组中既往有高血压、冠心病病史者多于对照组(P<0.05),收缩压、舒张压水平也高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 90岁以上高龄缺血性脑卒中患者的颅内外动脉硬化严重程度及发生率均明显增加。

超高龄慢性肾脏病病人标化尿酸与肾功能的相关性研究

目的探讨超高龄慢性肾脏病病人标化尿酸与肾功能的相关性,为超高龄晚期慢性肾脏病病人降尿酸药物治疗提供参考。方法回顾性收集在滁州市第一人民医院年龄≥90岁的出院病人临床资料,包括基本情况、肾功能指标、用药情况等,分析标化尿酸(血尿酸/血肌酐比值)和各肾功能指标的相关性。结果共纳入58例超高龄老年慢性肾脏病病人82例次病历资料,病人入院时和出院前的血尿酸和肾功能指标无明显变化,使用降尿酸药物后尿酸和其他肾功能指标差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。标化尿酸与血肌酐(r=-0.678)、尿素氮(r=-0.505)、胱抑素C(r=-0.611)呈负相关,与肾小球滤过率呈正相关(r=0.738,P<0.01)。结论超高龄慢性肾脏病病人标化尿酸与肾功能指标相关性强,降尿酸药物使用不能明显改善超高龄慢性肾脏病病人的肾功能,相反标化尿酸在一定范围内升高可能有助于肾功能指标的改善。

建党90年来中国共产党形象建设的历史考察及经验启示

建党90年来,中国共产党始终重视加强形象建设,在不同历史时期树立了一脉相承又各具特色的光辉形象。回顾中国共产党90年来的形象建设历程,在继承和发展我党形象建设的优良传统和成功经验的同时,还应适应形势任务的发展变化,不断探索创新形象建设的形式和方法,进一步提高党的执政能力,巩固党的执政地位,始终保持党的生机活力。

商洛学院2008级新生SCL-90普查

采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)对商洛学院2008级10个系2326名大学新生进行了问卷普查,探讨全院大学新生SCL-90各异常因子与心理问题严重者(≥3)分布状况,不同人口统计学变量和不同类型大学新生在SCL-90因子分上的差异。结果表明:1)全院心理问题检出率为7.46%。强迫为十个因子中检出最高的因子,化学与化学工程系为十个系中检出最高的系别。2)男生与女生在焦虑、敌对、恐怖、偏执四个因子上存在显著差异;城市新生、乡镇新生、农村新生在除躯体化因子外的其它九个因子分及各因子总分上均存在显著差异。3)特困生与非特困新生之间在除躯体化、敌对、恐怖、睡眠饮食外的其它六个因子及各因子总分上均存在显著差异;独生子与非独生子新生在除躯体化和敌对因子外的其它八因子及各因子总分上均存在显著差异;文史类、理工类、艺术类新生在除躯体化、恐怖因子外的其它八个因子及各因子总分上均存在显著差异;专科、本科、专升本新生在强迫、人际敏感、焦虑、精神病性四个因子分及各因子总分上均存在显著差异。