Esophagogastric anastomosis in rats: Improved healing by BPC 157 and L-arginine, aggravated by L-NAME

AIM To cure typically life-threatening esophagogastric anastomosis in rats, lacking anastomosis healing and sphincter function rescue, in particular. METHODS Because we assume esophagogastric fistulas represent a particular NO-system disability, we attempt to identify the benefits of anti-ulcer stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157, which was in trials for ulcerative colitis and currently for multiple sclerosis, in rats with esophagocutaneous fistulas. Previously, BPC 157 therapies have promoted the healing of intestinal anastomosis and fistulas, and esophagitis and gastric lesions, along with rescued sphincter function. Additionally, BPC 157 particularly interacts with the NOsystem. In the 4 d after esophagogastric anastomosis creation, rats received medication(/kg intraperitoneallyonce daily: BPC 157(10 μg, 10 ng), L-NAME(5 mg), or L-arginine(100 mg) alone and/or combined or BPC 157(10 μg, 10 ng) in drinking water). For rats underwent esophagogastric anastomosis, daily assessment included progressive stomach damage(sum of the longest diameters, mm), esophagitis(scored 0-5), weak anastomosis(m L H2 O before leak), low pressure in esophagus at anastomosis and in the pyloric sphincter(cm H2O), progressive weight loss(g) and mortality. Immediate effect assessed blood vessels disappearance(scored 0-5) at the stomach surface immediately after anastomosis creation. RESULTS BPC 157(all regimens) fully counteracted the perilous disease course from the very beginning(i.e., with the BPC 157 bath, blood vessels remained present at the gastric surface after anastomosis creation) and eliminated mortality. Additionally, BPC 157 treatment in combination with L-NAME nullified any effect of L-NAME that otherwise intensified the regular course. Consistently, with worsening(with L-NAME administration) and amelioration(with L-arginine), either L-arginine amelioration prevails(attenuated esophageal and gastric lesions) or they counteract each other(L-NAME + L-arginine); with the addition of BPC 157(L-NAME + L-arginine + BPC 157), there was a marked beneficial effect. BPC 157 treatment for esophagogastric anastomosis, along with NOS-blocker L-NAME and/or NOS substrate L-arginine, demonstrated an innate NO-system disability(as observed with L-arginine effectiveness). BPC 157 distinctively affected corresponding events: worsening(obtained with L-NAME administration that was counteracted); or amelioration(L-arginine + BPC 157-rats correspond to BPC 157-rats).CONCLUSION Innate NO-system disability for esophagogastric anastomoses, including L-NAME-worsening, suggests that these effects could be corrected by L-arginine and almost completely eliminated by BPC 157 therapy.

Therapeutic effect of San Bi Tang combined with glucosamine sulfate capsules in cold-dampness-type knee osteoarthritis

BACKGROUND Cold-dampness-type knee osteoarthritis is a common middle-aged and elderly disease,but its pathogenesis is not fully understood,and its clinical treatment has limitations.Glucosamine sulfate capsules are commonly used for treating arthritis,and San Bi Tang is a classic formula of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)that has the effects of warming yang,dispelling dampness,relaxing muscles,and activating collaterals.This research hypothesized that the combination of modified San Bi Tang and glucosamine sulfate capsules could enhance the clinical efficacy of treating cold-dampness-type knee osteoarthritis through complementary effects.AIM To analyze the clinical efficacy of San Bi Tang combined with glucosamine sulfate capsules when treating cold-dampness-type knee osteoarthritis.METHODS A total of 110 patients with cold-dampness-type knee osteoarthritis were selected as research subjects and randomly divided into a control group and an experimental group of 55 cases each.The control group received only treatment with glucosamine sulfate capsules,while the experimental group received additional treatment with modified San Bi Tang for a duration of 5 wk.The patients’knee joint functions,liver and kidney function indicators,adverse reactions,and vital signs were evaluated and analyzed using SPSS 26.0 software.RESULTS Before treatment,the two groups’genders,ages,and scores were not significantly different,indicating comparability.Both groups’scores improved after treatment,which could indicate pain and knee joint function improvement,but the test group had better scores.The TCM-specific symptoms and the clinical efficacy of the treatment in the test group were higher.Before and after treatment,there were no abnormalities in the patients’liver and kidney function indicators.CONCLUSION The combination of modified San Bi Tang and glucosamine sulfate capsules is superior to treatment with sulfated glucosamine alone and has high safety.

Research on the Performance of New Weighted Slippery Water Fracturing Fluid System

Deep and ultra-deep reservoirs have dense matrix and high fracture pressure, which leads to high pressure and difficulty in fracturing construction. Conventional aggravated fracturing fluids have the problems of low aggravation efficiency, high friction resistance, etc., and the reduction of construction pressure cannot reach the theoretical effect. In view of the above problems, this paper adopts the weighting agent HD160 and the drag reducing agent JHFR-2 to form a new type of weighted slippery water fracturing fluid system. And the weighting performance, drag reduction performance, corrosion performance, anti-expansion performance and reservoir damage of this system were studied. The results show that the density of the system is adjustable within 1.1 - 1.6 g·cm−3, and the drag reduction rate can be up to 68% at 1.5 g·cm−3, with low corrosion rate, surface tension less than 28 mN·m−1, anti-expansion rate as high as 94.5%, and the damage rate of the reservoir permeability is less than 10%, which is of good application prospect.

Analysis of the Causes to Aggravated Flooding and Drought Disasters in Hunan Province

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Effects of Kanlijian (坎离煎) on Exercise Tolerance, Quality of Life, and Frequency of Heart Failure Aggravation in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure

Objective： To observe the effects of conventional therapy combined with Kanlijian （ 坎离煎, KLJ） on exercise tolerance, quality of life and frequency of heart failure aggravation in patients with chronic heart failure（CHF）. Methods： Sixty CHF patients differentiated as sufferring from the syndrome of Xin-Shen Yang deficiency were included in the study and randomly assigned at the ratio of 2 ： 1 into the KLJ group （n =39） and the control group（n = 21）. All the patients were treated with conventional therapy of Western medicine, but to those in the KLJ group, KLJ was medicated additionally one dose daily with 24 wks as one therapeutic course. The efficacy on TCM syndrome and changes of scores on TCM syndrome were observed after treatment. The indexes, including 6-minute walking distance （6MWD）, quality of life （QOL, accessed by LHFQ scoring）, NYHA grade, hemodynamic indexes and reducing/withdrawal rate of diuretic and digoxin before and after treatment were recorded and compared. Also the frequency of re-admission due to aggravation of heart failure in one year＇ s time were observed. Results： （ 1 ） The efficacy on TCM syndrome, improvement on scores of TCM syndrome, therapeutic effects on 6MWD, QOL, and NYHA grade in the KLJ group were superior to those in the control group. （2） Hemodynamic indexes after treatment, left ventricular fractional shortening （LVFS） and E peak/A peak （E/A）, between the two groups had no significant difference, while left ventricular ejection fraction （LVEF） was increased significantly in the KLJ group, but with no obvious change in the control group. （3） The reducing/withdrawal rate of diuretic and digoxin in the KLJ group was significantly higher than that in the control group. （4） The 1-year frequency of re-admission significantly decreased in the KLJ group. Conclusion： The adjuvant treatment of KLJ on the basis of Western conventional therapy can significantly improve CHF patients＇ exercise tolerance, quality of life and cardiac function, reduce the dosage of diuretic and digoxin needed, and decrease the re-admission frequency due to aggravation of heart failure.

Effects of SIRT1 Gene Knock-Out via Activation of SREBP2 Protein-Mediated PI3K/AKT Signaling on Osteoarthritis in Mice

This study investigated the effects of SIRT1 gene knock-out on osteoarthritis in mice, and the possible roles of SREBP2 protein and the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in the effects. Mice were randomly divided into a normal group and a SIRT1 gene knock-out group（6 mice in each group）. In these groups, one side of the knee anterior cruciate ligament was traversed, and the ipsilateral medial meniscus was cut to establish an osteoarthritis model of knee joint. The countralateral synovial bursa was cut out, serving as controls. The knee joint specimens were then divided into four groups： SIRT1^（＋/＋） control group（group A, n=6）; SIRT1^（＋/＋） osteoarthritis group（group B, n=6）; SIRT1^（–/–） control group（group C, n=6）; SIRT1^（–/–） osteoarthritis group（group D, n=6）. HE staining, Masson staining, Safranin O-Fast Green staining and Van Gieson staining were used to observe the morphological changes in the articular cartilage of the knee. Immunohistochemical staining was employed to detect the expression of SIRT1, SREBP2, VEGF, AKT, HMGCR and type Ⅱ collagen proteins. SA-β-gal staining was utilized to evaluate chondrocyte aging. The results showed clear knee joint cartilage destruction and degeneration in the SIRT1^（–/–） osteoarthritis group. The tidal line was twisted and displaced anteriorly. Type Ⅱ collagen was destroyed and distributed unevenly. Compared with the SIRT1^（＋/＋） osteoarthritis group and SIRT1^（–/–） control group, SIRT1 protein expression was not obviously changed in the SIRT1^（–/–） osteoarthritis group（P〉0.05）, while the expression levels of the SREBP2, VEGF and HMGCR proteins were significantly increased（P〈0.05） and the levels of AKT and type Ⅱ collagen proteins were significantly decreased（P〈0.05）. SIRT1 gene knock-out may aggravate cartilage degeneration in osteoarthritis by activating the SREBP2 protein-mediated PI3K/AKT signalling pathway, suggesting that SIRT1 gene may play a protective role against osteoarthritis.

Aggravation of Arrhythmia Induced by Antiarrhythmic Drugs during Electrophysiologic Testing

The purpose of our study is to evaluate aggravation of arrhythmia induced byantiarrhythmic drugs during electrophysiologic testing In 266 tests, patients with arrhythmia weretreated with quinidine, procainamide, mexiletine amicdarone, locainide pirmenol flacainide andnorpace and the results were analysed. Aggravation of arrhythmia induced by antiarrhythmic drugswas common, involving almost all antiarrhythmic drugs The incidence of aggravation was 21. 8%.There was no definite relationship between arrhythrnic aggravation and underlying heart diseases. Inno circumstances were blood levels in toxic range at the time of arrhythmic aggravation. Combinedwith antiarrhythmic drugs Ia+Ib (?) the incidence of aggravation of arrhythmia. Greatly wid-ened QRS might he a due to recognizing the danger of quinidine-induced arrhythmic aggravation.

Clinical Effect of Yinma Zhisou Decoction Combined with Western Medicine in the Treatment of Acute COPD(Stagnation of PhlegmDampness in Lung)

[Objectives]To explore the effectiveness and safety of Yinma Zhisou Decoction in the treatment of AECOPD with phlegm-heat obstructing lung syndrome,and observe the symptoms of Yinma Zhisou decoction in the treatment of AECOPD patients with phlegm-heat stagnation lung syndrome improvement,inflammatory indicators,lung function,blood gas analysis,etc.[Methods]A total of 92 cases who met the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria were included in the study according to 1∶1 were randomly divided into treatment group and control group,control group with conventional Western medicine treatment,the treatment group on the basis of control group with Yinma Zhisou decoction treatment,a course of 10 d.The changes in TCM syndrome score,arterial blood gas analysis,pulmonary function,serum inflammatory indicator,mMRC score,and the CAT scores between the two groups after treatment were observed.All collected data were statistically analyzed with SPSS 26.0.[Results](i)Comparison of the curative effect between the two groups.After treatment,the total effective rate of the treatment group was 93.5%,which was higher than that of the control group(76.1%,P<0.05).The curative effect of the treatment group was better than that of the control group(P<0.05).(ii)Comparison of single TCM symptom scores.After treatment,the single TCM symptom scores of the two groups were lower than before(P<0.05),but the improvement of wheezing,cough,phlegm and chest pain in the treatment group was better than that in the control group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the improvement of wheezing sound(P>0.05),but there was a trend of difference.(iii)Comparison of mMRC score and CAT score between the two groups.After treatment,the mMRC score and CAT score of the two groups were significantly improved(P<0.05),and the difference was statistically significant.(iv)Comparison of blood gas analysis indicators between the two groups.Intra-group comparison after treatment:PaOof the control group and the treatment group after treatment was significantly improved compared with that before treatment(P<0.05),and the difference was statistically significant.Comparison between the two groups after treatment:PaOand PaCOof the two groups after treatment(P>0.05),and the difference was not statistically significant.It indicated that Yinma Zhisou decoction had more advantages in improving hypoxia.(v)Comparison of pulmonary function between the two groups.After treatment,the FEV1/FVC of the treatment group and the control group was significantly different(P<0.05),and there was a statistical difference(P<0.05).(vi)Comparison of inflammatory indicators between the two groups.Intra-group comparison after treatment:the inflammatory indicators WBC,CRP and PCT in the control group and the treatment group were significantly lower than before treatment(P<0.05),and the differences were statistically significant.It indicated that Yinma Zhisou decoction could effectively control inflammation and reduce inflammation reaction.[Conclusions]Compared with the control group,Yinma Zhisou decoction has obvious advantages in improving cough,expectoration and wheezing,and can significantly improve the total effective rate.Compared with Western medicine alone,Yinma Zhisou decoction can significantly improve patients’hypoxia,reduce mMRC and CAT scores,improve body activity tolerance,improve airway symptoms,and significantly reduce WBC,CRP,PCT and other serum inflammatory indicators.It can be seen that Yinma Zhisou decoction combined with Western medicine treatment is obviously better than simple Western medicine treatment,the curative effect is better,and the safety is better,and there are no serious adverse reactions in the course of the trial.

Punitive Damages in China:Evolution and Application

The revised Law on the Protection of the Rights and Interests of Consumers （Consumer Protection Law）, which sums up nearly twenty years of the evolution of Chinese punitive damages regulations, sets out a model system of punitive damages. These are in essence a special kind of penalty under a dual public-private legal system in which the punitive and deterrent functions of public law are realized through the mechanism of private law. Their application should be guided by the public law principle that the penalty should be proportionate to the offence. The question of whether the penalty is appropriate arises in the application of the two forms of punitive da^riages prescribed in the Consumer Protection Law--whether used separately or together, or in conjunction with or independently of fines or financial awards. The application of the new punitive damages regulations may overlap with the application of China＇s Food Safety Law and Tort Liability Law.

DISCUSSION ON PREDICTION OF GREAT EARTHQUAKES BY MODERN STATISTICAL PHYSICS

The similarity phenomenon before the abrupt phase transition of different complexing system discussed in modern statistical physics gives an important enlightenment to the prediction of great earthquakes from nonlinearity phenomena of far equilibrium in the source system.

Working Together to Address Terrorist Threats and Build a New Middle East of Peace, Tolerance and Self-Advancement——Speech at the 19th Eurasian Economic Summit on “Terrorism and the Refugee Issue”

Mr.Chairman,Ladies and Gentlemen,Dear Friends,It is a great honor for me to share thoughts and ideas with all participants on Working Together to Address Terrorist Threats and Build a New Middle East of Peace,Tolerance and Self-Advancement.The situation in the Middle East region is serious.Differences among nations,religious sects and ethnic groups aggravate one another.Wars and conflicts,terrorist threats。

Other cardiovascular diseases

2008425 Difference in gene expression profile of plasma coagulation factors in patients with pulmonary embolism.CHENG Kebin(程克斌), et al. Dept Respir Med, Shanghai Pulm Hosp, Tongji Univ, Shanghai 200433. Shanghai Med J 2008:31(6):381-384. Objective To identify the association between the mRNA expression of blood coagulation factors and pulmonary embolism (PE) by comparing the gene expression profiles of patients with PE and normal controls using gene microarray.

Impact of the Decontrol of Silver Concentrate Processing Trade on China's Lead Market

In early June,two lead factories of Henan Jinli,and Yuguang Gold&Lead announced they have obtained silver concentrate Processing Handbook.Market analysts considered that decontrol on contract processing of silver ore will aggravate the pressure on lead ingot supply in China.

Why Obesity Aggravates Blood-Sugar Control

今年2月20日出版的世界著名杂志Science(《科学》)发表了一篇关于糖尿病研究的文章,警示我们:a fat-derived hormone called resistin(抵抗素)may promote insulin(胰岛素)resistance,a condition in which the body fails touse insulin properly.其大意是:由脂肪所产生的一种被称为“抵抗素”的激素,能够在人体内引起胰岛素抵抗,这种情形能使人体不能适当地使用胰岛素。早在2001年,美国宾夕法尼亚州的科研人员就发现了此激素的存在,并将它命名为resistin。这个新发现告诉我们:减肥,也是降低血糖的必由之路。