Straw mulching alters the composition and loss of dissolved organic matter in farmland surface runoff by inhibiting the fragmentation of soil small macroaggregates

Straw mulching is a widespread practice for reducing the soil carbon loss caused by erosion.However,the effects of straw mulching on dissolved organic matter(DOM)runoff loss from black soil are not well studied.How straw mulching affects the composition and loss of runoff DOM by changing soil aggregates remains largely unclear.Here,a straw mulching treatment was compared to a no mulching treatment(as a control)on sloping farmland with black soil erosion in Northeast China.We divided the soil into large macroaggregates(>2 mm),small macroaggregates(0.25-2 mm),and microaggregates(<0.25 mm).After five rain events,the effects of straw mulching on the concentration(characterized by dissolved organic carbon(DoC)and composition(analyzed by fluorescence spectroscopy)of runoff and soil aggregate DOM were studied.The results showed that straw mulching reduced the runoff amount by 54.7%.Therefore,although straw mulching increased the average DOc concentration in runoff,it reduced the total runoff DOM loss by 48.3%.The composition of runoff DOM is similar to that of soil,as both contain humic-like acid and protein-like components.With straw mulching treatment,the protein-like components in small macroaggregates accumulated and the protein-like components in runoff declined with rain events.Fluorescence spectroscopy technology may help in understanding the hydrological paths of rain events by capturing the dynamic changes of runoff and soil DOM characteristics.A variation partitioning analysis(VPA)indicated that the DOM concentration and composition of microaggregates explained 68.2%of the change in runoff DOM from no mulching plots,while the change in runoff DOM from straw mulching plots was dominated by small macroaggregates at a rate of 55.1%.Taken together,our results demonstrated that straw mulching reduces the fragmentation of small macroaggregates and the loss of microaggregates,thus effecting DOM compositions in soil and reducing the DOM loss in runoff.These results provide a theoretical basis for reducing carbon loss in sloping farmland.

Mechanical Behavior Based on Aggregates Microstructure of Ultra-high Performance Concrete

We developed ultra-high performance concrete(UHPC)incorporating mullite sand and brown corundum sand(BCS),and the quartz sand UHPC was utilized to prepare for comparison.The properties of compressive strength,elastic modulus,ultrasonic pulse velocity,flexural strength,and toughness were investigated.Scanning electron microscopy and nanoindentation were also conducted to reveal the underlying mechanisms affecting macroscopic performance.Due to the superior interface bonding properties between mullite sand and matrix,the compressive strength and flexural toughness of UHPC have been significantly improved.Mullite sand and BCS aggregates have higher stiffness than quartz sand,contributing to the excellent elastic modulus exhibited by UHPC.The stiffness and volume of aggregates have a more significant impact on the elastic modulus of UHPC than interface performance,and the latter contributes more to the strength of UHPC.This study will provide a reference for developing UHPC with superior elastic modulus for structural engineering.

High-efficiency Carbonation Modification Methods of Recycled Coarse Aggregates

To solve the problem of only surface carbonation and realize high-efficiency carbonation of recycled coarse aggregate,the method of carbonated recycled coarse aggregate with nano materials pre-soaking was first put forward.The carbonation effect of modified recycled coarse aggregate with three different carbonation methods was evaluated,and water absorption,apparent density and crush index of modified recycled coarse aggregate were measured.Combined with XRD,SEM,and MIP microscopic analysis,the high-efficiency carbonation strengthening mechanism of modified recycled coarse aggregate was revealed.The experimental results show that,compared with the non-carbonated recycled coarse aggregate,the physical and microscopic properties of carbonated recycled coarse aggregate are improved.The method of carbonation with nano-SiO_(2) pre-soaking can realize the high-efficiency carbonation of recycled coarse aggregate,for modified recycled coarse aggregate with the method,water absorption is reduced by 23.03%,porosity is reduced by 44.06%,and the average pore diameter is 21.82 nm.The high-efficiency carbonation strengthening mechanism show that the pre-socked nano-SiO_(2) is bound to the hydration product Ca(OH)_(2) of the old mortar with nano-scale C-S-H,which can improve the CO_(2) absorption rate,accelerate the carbonation reaction,generate more stable CaCO_(3) and nano-scale silica gel,and bond to the dense three-dimensional network structure to realize the bidirectional enhancement of nano-materials and pressurized carbonation.It is concluded that the method of carbonation with nano-SiO_(2) pre-soaking is a novel high-efficiency carbonation modification of recycled coarse aggregate.

Calcium carbonate promotes the formation and stability of soil macroaggregates in mining areas of China

We studied changes in the concentrations of aggregate-cementing agents after different reclamation times and with different fertilization regimes,as well as the formation mechanism of aggregates in reclaimed soil,to provide a theoretical basis for rapid reclamation of soil fertility in the subsidence area of coal mines in Shanxi Province,China.In this study,soil samples of 0–20 cm depth were collected from four fertilization treatments of a longterm experiment started in 2008:no fertilizer (CK),inorganic fertilizer (NPK),chicken manure compost (M),and50%inorganic fertilizer plus 50%chicken manure compost (MNPK).The concentrations of cementing agents and changes in soil aggregate size distribution and stability were analysed.The results showed that the formation of>2 mm aggregates,the aggregate mean weight diameter (MWD),and the proportion of>0.25 mm water-stable aggregates (WR_(0.25)) increased significantly after 6 and 11 years of reclamation.The concentration of organic cementing agents tended to increase with reclamation time,whereas free iron oxide (Fed) and free aluminium oxide(Ald) concentrations initially increased but then decreased.In general,the MNPK treatment signi?cantly increased the concentrations of organic cementing agents and CaCO_(3),and CaCO_(3) increased by 60.4%at 11 years after reclamation.Additionally,CaCO_(3) had the greatest effect on the stability of aggregates,promoting the formation of>0.25 mm aggregates and accounting for 54.4%of the variance in the proportion and stability of the aggregates.It was concluded that long-term reclamation is bene?cial for improving soil structure.The MNPK treatment was the most effective measure for increasing maize grain yield and concentration of organic cementing agents and CaCO_(3).

Clinical significance of platelet mononuclear cell aggregates in patients with sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome

BACKGROUND The diagnosis of sepsis combined with acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)has increased owing to the enhanced awareness among medical profes-sionals and the continuous development of modern medical technologies,while early diagnosis of ARDS still lacks specific biomarkers.One of the main patho-genic mechanisms of sepsis-associated ARDS involves the actions of various pathological injuries and inflammatory factors,such as platelet and white blood cells activation,leading to an increase of surface adhesion molecules.These adhesion molecules further form platelet-white blood cell aggregates,including platelet-mononuclear cell aggregates(PMAs).PMAs has been identified as one of the markers of platelet activation,here we hypothesize that PMAs might play a potential biomarker for the early diagnosis of this complication.METHODS We selected 72 hospitalized patients diagnosed with sepsis as the study population between March 2019 and March 2022.Among them,30 patients with sepsis and ARDS formed the study group,while 42 sepsis patients without ARDS comprised the control group.After diagnosis,venous blood samples were imme-diately collected from all patients.Flow cytometry was employed to analyze the expression of PMAs,platelet neutrophil aggregates(PNAs),and platelet aggregates(PLyAs)in the serum.Additionally,the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation(APACHE)II score was calculated for each patient,and receiver operating characteristic curves were generated to assess diagnostic value.RESULTS The study found that the levels of PNAs and PLyAs in the serum of the study group were higher than those in the control group,but the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).However,the expression of PMAs in the serum of the study group was significantly upregulated(P<0.05)and positively correlated with the APACHE II score(r=0.671,P<0.05).When using PMAs as a diagnostic indicator,the area under the curve value was 0.957,indicating a high diagnostic value(P<0.05).Furthermore,the optimal cutoff value was 8.418%,with a diagnostic sensitivity of 0.819 and specificity of 0.947.CONCLUSION In summary,the serum levels of PMAs significantly increase in patients with sepsis and ARDS.Therefore,serum PMAs have the potential to become a new biomarker for clinically diagnosing sepsis complicated by ARDS.

Substitution of Aggregates in Concrete and Mortar with Coltan Mining Waste: Mechanical, Environmental, and Economic Impact Case Study

The mining process involves drilling and excavation, resulting in the production of waste rock and tailings. The waste materials are then removed and stored in designated areas. This study aims to evaluate the mechanical strength and the environmental and economic impact of using Coltan Mining Waste (CMW) as a substitute for aggregates in concrete and mortar production. To achieve this, the CMW needs to be characterised. The Dreux Gorisse method was primarily used to produce concrete with a strength of 20 MPa at 28 days. The mortars, on the other hand, were formulated according to the NF P 18-452 standard. The environmental impact of using CMW as substitutes for natural aggregates in the production of concrete and mortar was analysed using SimaPro software. The results showed that mortars and concrete made with CMW have comparable compressive strengths to the reference mortar and concrete;reduce the negative impact on ecosystem quality, human health, resources, and climate change. It has also been shown that the substitution of aggregates by CMW reduces the cost of concrete and mortar as a function of the distance from the aggregate footprint.

Fragmentation process of soil aggregates under concentrated water flow in red soil hilly region with different land use patterns

The hilly area of red soil in the central subtropical region of China has a long history of severe soil erosion due to its abundance of water,heat,and intense agricultural and forestry activities.The Sandshale red soil area is hot and rainy,the local land utilization rate and replanting index are high,and the soil easily weathers and erodes,resulting in infertile and sandy soils,extensive soil erosion and large erosion,with far-reaching impacts.In this study,the stability of soil aggregates was studied by the wet sieving method and Le Bissonais(LB)method in six land use patterns in the Sandshale red soil area,including natural forest(NF),Pinus massoniana(PM),Eucalyptus urophylla×E.grandis(EU),orchard(OR),wasteland(WL)and arable land(AL).The transport damage characteristics of the soil aggregates under concentrated water flow were analyzed by using the soil aggregates to simulate the soil surface roughness in the field using a steel scouring flume with a variable slope.The results showed that:(1)the total soil porosity of the natural forest was the highest,with 56.51%in A layer,which was 4.99%higher than the B layer,and the organic matter content ranged from 10.69 to 29.94 g.kg-1 and was highest in NF and lowest in AL;(2)the maximum mean weight diameter(MWD)obtained by the wet sieving method was 4.81 mm for natural forest,and the MWD was the lowest in OR and AL at 2.45-2.77mm.The MWD measured by the LB method was also highest in NF and lowest in AL.The contents of Fed and Ald have a strong correlation with the stability parameters of soil aggregates;(3)the Wr/Wi results for the six land use patterns were NF>PM>EU>WL>OR>AL;the NF had the strongest soil aggregate stability,followed by WL,PM and EU,and AL and OR had the weakest;the stability of soil aggregates gradually weakened as the soil depth increased.Comprehensive analysis shows that forest land has high soil stability and obvious advantages in soil erosion resistance.Strengthening the construction of artificial forests can be an important means to reduce soil erosion in red soil hilly region.

The effects of co-utilizing green manure and rice straw on soil aggregates and soil carbon stability in a paddy soil in southern China

The co-utilization of green manure (GM) and rice straw (RS) in paddy fields has been widely applied as an effective practice in southern China.However,its effects on soil aggregate and soil organic carbon (SOC) stability remain unclear.In the present study,the effect of GM,RS,and co-utilization of GM and RS on particle size distribution of soil aggregates and SOC density fractions were measured in a field experiment.The experiment included six treatments,i.e.,winter fallow (WF) without RS return (Ctrl),WF with 50%RS return (1/2RS),WF with 100%RS return (RS),GM without RS return (GM),GM with 50%RS return (GM1/2RS) and GM with 100%RS return (GMRS).The results showed that the proportion of small macro-aggregates (0.25–2 mm) and the mean weight diameter (MWD) of aggregates in the GMRS treatment was greater (by 18.9 and 3.41%,respectively) than in the RS treatment,while the proportion of silt+clay particles (<0.053 mm) was lower (by 14.4%).The concentration of SOC in microaggregates (0.053–0.25 mm)and silt+clay particles was higher in the GMRS treatment than in GM and RS treatments individually.The concentration and proportion of free light organic carbon (fLOC) in aggregates of various particle sizes and bulk soil was greater in the GMRS treatment than the RS treatment,whereas the concentration and proportion of mineral-associated organic carbon in small macroaggregates,microaggregates,and bulk was lower in the GMRS treatment than in the RS treatment.The proportion of intra-aggregate particulate organic carbon (iPOC) was greater in the GMRS treatment than in GM treatment.The GMRS treatment had strong positive effects on iPOC in small macroaggregates,suggesting that SOC was transferred from fLOC to iPOC.In conclusion,co-utilizing green manure and rice straw cultivated the SOC pool by increasing the concentration of fLOC and improved soil carbon stability by promoting the sequestration of organic carbon in iPOC as a form of physical protection.

Nonlinear dynamics in Divisia monetary aggregates:an application of recurrence quantification analysis

We construct recurrence plots(RPs)and conduct recurrence quantification analysis(RQA)to investigate the dynamic properties of the new Center for Financial Stability(CFS)Divisia monetary aggregates for the United States.In this study,we use the lat-est vintage of Divisia aggregates,maintained within CFS.We use monthly data,from January 1967 to December 2020,which is a sample period that includes the extreme economic events of the 2007–2009 global financial crisis.We then make comparisons between narrow and broad Divisia money measures and find evidence of a nonlinear but reserved possible chaotic explanation of their origin.The application of RPs to broad Divisia monetary aggregates encompasses an additional drift structure around the global financial crisis in 2008.Applying the moving window RQA to the growth rates of narrow and broad Divisia monetary aggregates,we identify periods of changes in data-generating processes and associate such changes to monetary policy regimes and financial innovations that occurred during those times.

Preliminary Study on the Effect of Different Ecological Cultivation Modes on the Water Stability of Soil Aggregates in Rubber Based Agroforestry Systems

Rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis Müll. Arg.) have been commercially cultivated for a century and a half in Asia, particularly in China, and they constitute a common element of plantation ecosystems in tropical regions. Soil health is fundamental to the sustainable development of rubber plantations. The objective of the study is to explore the influence of different complex ecological cultivation modes on the stability of soil aggregates in rubber based agroforestry systems. In this study, the ecological cultivation mode of rubber—Alpinia oxyphylla plantation, the ecological cultivation mode of rubber—Phrynium hainanense plantations, the ecological cultivation mode of rubber—Homalium ceylanicum plantations and monoculture rubber plantations were selected, and the particle size distribution of soil aggregates and their water stability characteristics were analyzed. The soil depth of 0 - 20 cm and 20 - 40 cm was collected for four cultivation modes. Soil was divided into 6 particle levels > 20 cm. soil was divided into 6 particle levels > 5 mm, 2 - 5 mm, 1 - 2 mm, 0.5 - 1 mm, 0.25 - 0.5 mm, and 0.053 - 0.25 mm according to the wet sieve method. The particle size proportion and water stability of soil aggregates were determined by the wet sieve method. The particle size proportion and water stability of soil aggregates under different ecological cultivation modes were analyzed. The results showed that under different ecological cultivation modes in the shallow soil layer (0 - 20 cm), the rubber—Alpinia oxyphylla plantation and the rubber—Phrynium hainanense plantation promoted the development of dominant soil aggregates towards larger size classes, whereas the situation is the opposite for rubber—Homalium ceylanicum plantation. In soil layer (20 - 40 cm), the ecological cultivation mode of rubber—Phrynium hainanense plantation developed the dominant radial level of soil aggregates to the diameter level of large aggregates. Rubber—Alpinia oxyphylla plantation and rubber—Homalium ceylanicum plantation, three indicators, including the water-stable aggregate content R0.25 (>0.25 mm water-stable aggregates), mean weight diameter (MWD), and geometric mean diameter (GMD), were all lower than those in the rubber monoculture mode. However, in the rubber—Phrynium hainanense plantation, the water-stable aggregate content R0.25, mean weight diameter, and geometric mean diameter were higher than in the rubber monoculture mode, although these differences did not reach statistical significance.

Experimental Evaluating of the Physical, Mechanical and Durability Properties of Natural, Recycled and Both Combined Aggregates Based Concretes

This experimental study aims at the reuse of recycled aggregates (RA), resulting from the demolition of concrete, cement block and cement mortar, in the manufacture of common construction in Burkina Faso. The RA can readily replace natural aggregates in concrete. Then five formulations of natural and recycled aggregates based concrete for characteristic strength of 25 Mpa were prepared in addition to the natural aggregates base concrete named reference concrete (BN): two types of recycled aggregates concrete (BR), three types of recycles and natural combined aggregates base concrete (BC). The properties of natural and recycled aggregates were characterized and the physical, mechanical strength and durability properties were also evaluated for all concrete specimens. All the studied concrete formulation present a density between 2000 kg/m3 ≤ ρ ≥ 2600 kg/m3 and an average slump of 4.9 ± 0.1 cm. The obtained results indicate that the recycled aggregates are suitable for current concrete. Two out of the five combinations studied, such as the natural (BN) and combined aggregate (BC2) based concretes satisfy the mechanical characteristics (Rc28 > 25 MPa) at 28 days of age and an average absorption coefficient of 2.93% and 3.98%. The recycled aggregate based concrete (BR1, BR2) and combined aggregate based concrete (BC1), gave respective average compressive strength of 21.55 MPa, 20.50 MPa and 20.30 MPa, i.e. a difference of 13.80% to 18.80% under the characteristic strength (25 MPa) aimed at 28 days of age. Thus, the recycled aggregates are in conformity with the normative prescriptions and their use for standard concrete gives adequate physical, mechanical and durability properties for the production of the C20/25 concrete series in the common civil engineering applications.

白炭黑/炭黑在橡胶复合材料中的聚集行为

分别以炭黑和白炭黑为主要补强填料制备了橡胶复合材料,采用橡胶加工分析仪的多种测试模式,对比研究复合材料在不同停放时间下的Payne效应,分析了不同停放时间下填料在聚集程度方面的差异,探究了炭黑、白炭黑抗聚集能力随停放时间的变化。分析了胶料在硫化温度热处理前后的Payne效应差异、硫化过程中各胶料的抗聚集能力。结合两类复合材料在不同温度下的流变测试结果,进一步分析了炭黑、白炭黑在不同热处理温度下的聚集情况。结果表明:炭黑填料分散略差但聚集程度不受高温影响;白炭黑填料分散较好且可以通过延长停放时间缓解高温导致的填料聚集加剧现象。

辽宁地区农田土壤中微塑料丰度及其在团聚体中的分布特征

为了明确辽宁地区农田土壤微塑料污染情况,本研究以辽宁14个地区的农田土壤为研究对象,采用密度分离和氧化分解的方法,结合显微镜和红外光谱技术测定了土壤及各级团聚体中微塑料的丰度和分布特征。结果表明:辽宁地区农田土壤中微塑料丰度为3605个·kg^(-1),主要包括纤维状、颗粒状、块状和薄膜状4种形状,其中纤维状最多(42.11%),颗粒状和块状次之(29.10%和22.32%),薄膜状最少(6.47%)。纤维状微塑料的主要成分是尼龙,颗粒状微塑料的主要成分是聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯,块状和薄膜状微塑料的主要成分是聚乙烯。辽宁14个地区农田土壤中微塑料丰度及其形状组成各不相同,其中辽阳、朝阳、本溪、营口地区土壤中微塑料丰度显著高于其他地区。土壤中69.14%的微塑料以与团聚体结合的方式存在,尤其与小团聚体结合的最多,另外30.86%的微塑料以分散态存在。不同形状微塑料在团聚体中的分布也不同,纤维状和颗粒状微塑料主要存在于小团聚体中,薄膜状微塑料主要存在于大团聚体中,而块状微塑料在各级团聚体中的分布没有显著差异。研究表明,辽宁地区农田土壤中普遍存在微塑料污染,但是在空间上分布不均衡。土壤中微塑料主要是纤维,其成分是尼龙。土壤中的微塑料主要以与团聚体结合的方式存在,但是仍有一部分微塑料以分散态存在,在灌溉或降雨条件下存在向下淋失污染深层土壤和地下水的风险。

考虑居民用户可调节潜力的负荷聚合商日前投标决策优化模型研究

负荷聚合商能够充分挖掘居民用户资源参与需求响应,深化居民用电可调节潜力量化分析对负荷精准调控与负荷聚合商模式智能推广具有重要作用。首先,基于居民用电负荷调控差异性,考虑居民典型用电电器综合满意度计量,构建居民柔性负荷可调节潜力分析模型;然后,考虑负荷聚合商参与市场交易的运营模式,构建基于非合作博弈理论的日前投标决策优化模型;最后,通过算例仿真验证模型的有效性及适用性。结果表明该模型能够兼顾调控潜力,有效支撑负荷聚合商最优投标决策,为负荷聚合商推广下统筹资源优化调控提供借鉴与参考。

再生粗骨料混凝土应力-应变关系

再生粗骨料混凝土应力-应变关系是实现其材料到结构力学分析的桥梁纽带,成为再生粗骨料混凝土结构基础理论的基石。介绍了作者团队多年来在再生粗骨料混凝土应力-应变关系方面取得的研究进展:采用模型化再生粗骨料方法,研究了复杂界面过渡区对再生粗骨料混凝土破坏行为的影响,揭示了再生粗骨料混凝土细观损伤本质与演化机理;从静力作用到动力作用,系统地开展了不同工况下再生粗骨料混凝土应力-应变行为试验研究,探明了载荷条件对再生粗骨料混凝土应力与变形的影响规律并建立了相适应的力学与数学模型;进一步考虑再生粗骨料性能时空变异性,发现了再生粗骨料混凝土力学响应的概率分布特征,提出了再生粗骨料混凝土随机损伤本构关系;基于获得的本构模型,完成了再生粗骨料混凝土构件时变可靠度分析和结构动力非线性分析,为再生粗骨料混凝土在实际工程中的安全应用提供了理论支撑;提炼了相关研究结论并对未来研究工作进行了展望。

集料几何学特性对PRMC抗压强度和损伤过程的影响

集料几何学特性是影响颗粒复合材料力学性能的重要因素,也是实现复合材料性能精确设计的理论基础。以颗粒增强树脂基复合材料(particle-reinforced resin matrix composite,PRMC)为研究对象,采用PFC和3D MAX联合创建了精细的数字集料,分析集料综合几何学特性对PRMC动态损伤特性的影响,进一步细化并分离出集料单一几何学特征,通过分级替换不同粒径的圆形集料研究集料单一几何学特性对PRMC力学特性的影响。研究结果表明:集料几何学特性影响原始微损伤的分布,引导裂纹的扩展并最终决定PRMC的压缩破坏模式,并且压缩破坏过程存在典型的随机损伤特性;集料的形状、棱角和纹理通过降低集料间的流动性提高PRMC的抗压强度,而集料骨架系统需要在分形维数、级配级数、最大粒径和最大最小粒径比之间寻求最佳参数组合来提高PRMC的抗压强度。

面向无人机绝对定位的遥感影像快速检索方法

针对在复杂环境下无人机景象匹配导航中的视觉绝对定位问题,提出了一种聚合深度学习特征的实时影像快速检索方法。首先,引入可训练软分配深度学习框架—NetVLAD,结合VGG16网络提取并聚合生成影像稳定的全局特征表达向量;其次,在初始检索阶段,使用KD树结构对影像全局特征向量构建检索索引,在不损失检索精度的前提下提高检索速度;最后,使用皮尔逊积矩相关系数对初始检索结果进行快速预判断,自动过滤初始检索结果,对于需要重排序的影像则采用特征学习匹配算法——图神经网络SuperGlue进行匹配重排序。所提方法在公开的夏季和冬季遥感影像数据集分组进行实验,实验结果表明:未重排序条件下,初始检索结果第一张影像平均准确率达到了58.27%,部分特征较好地区准确率达到了85%,对不同时相遥感影像也有很好的适应性,平均检索一张影像耗时3.7 s,可为无人机景象匹配导航的初始定位提供参考。

AMI多支病变患者PCI术前应用替格瑞洛对其术后NF-κB信号通路、血小板聚集及心肌微循环灌注的影响

目的:探讨急性心肌梗死(AMI)多支病变患者经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)术前应用替格瑞洛对其术后核因子(NF)-κB信号通路、血小板聚集及心肌微循环灌注的影响。方法:选择我院收治的AMI合并多支病变患者120例,随机均分氯吡格雷组和替格瑞洛组。PCI术前后给予相应的药物治疗,观察两组服药前后NF-κB信号通路相关指标、血小板聚集率、心肌微循环指标及主要不良心脑血管事件发生情况。结果:PCI术后7 d,与氯吡格雷组比较,替格瑞洛组冠脉微循环指标中左前降支(LAD)[(23.83±2.69)帧比(20.48±3.05)帧]、左回旋支(LCX)[(20.93±2.82)帧比(18.35±2.37)帧]及右冠状动脉(RCA)[(23.68±3.15)帧比(21.13±2.79)帧]校正的心肌梗死溶栓试验(CTFC)帧数均显著减少(P均=0.001);治疗30d后,与氯吡格雷组比较,替格瑞洛组血小板最大聚集率、ST段最大下降幅度、ST段下降时间、24h缺血发作次数及Toll样受体4(TLR4)蛋白、NF-κB蛋白、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α和白介素(IL)-6水平均显著减少(P均=0.001)。6个月内,两组主要不良心脑血管事件发生率无统计学意义(P=0.186)。结论:替格瑞洛能改善AMI合并多支病变患者PCI术后心肌微循环,抑制血小板聚集,减轻机体炎症反应,其机制可能与替格瑞洛抑制NF-κB信号通路活性有关。

姜黄素在冠心病中对血小板活性的影响

目的:研究姜黄素(Cur)在冠心病中对血小板活性的影响。方法:40只Wistar雄性大鼠被随机均分为正常组、模型组(饲喂高脂饲料)、阿司匹林组(模型组基础上加用阿司匹林)与Cur组(模型组基础上加用Cur)。比较各组血小板聚集率,CD62p、PAC-1荧光强度及阳性率,血浆β血小板球蛋白(β-TG)、血小板因子4(PF4)水平,磷酸化p38MAPK(p-p38MAPK)、磷酸化JNK(p-JNK)蛋白表达水平。结果:与正常组比较,模型组使用AA、ADP诱导的血小板聚集率,CD62p、PAC-1荧光强度及阳性率,血浆β-TG水平,p-p38MAPK、p-JNK蛋白表达水平均显著升高(P<0.05或<0.01)。与正常组、模型组比较,阿司匹林组、Cur组上述指标除CD62p阳性率外,Cur组CD26p阳性率均显著降低(P<0.05或<0.01)。与模型组比较,阿司匹林、Cur组CD26p阳性率均显著降低(P均=0.001)。与阿司匹林组比较,Cur组使用AA[(51.03±7.39)%比(38.43±4.04)%]、ADP[(52.32±6.43)%比(40.81±5.52)%]诱导的血小板聚集率,CD62p、PAC-1荧光强度[CD62p:(53.87±7.42)比(43.92±5.45),PAC-1:(59.39±8.01)比(42.43±7.39)]及阳性率[CD62p:(49.67±5.93)%比(40.36±5.83)%,PAC-1:(50.37±5.83)%比(41.44±6.29)%],p-p38MAPK[(1.01±0.05)比(0.79±0.01)]、p-JNK[(1.07±0.03)比(0.74±0.02)]蛋白表达水平均显著降低(P<0.05或<0.01)。结论:姜黄素可降低血小板活性,抑制p38MAPK和JNK信号活化。

稻虾共作模式下克氏原螯虾对水稻土团聚体特征及有机碳分布的影响

为研究长期稻虾共作模式下克氏原螯虾对水稻土团聚体数量、稳定性以及土壤团聚体有机碳含量、分布的影响,本研究依托始于2014年的长期定位试验,设置冬泡无秸秆还田(W)、冬泡+秸秆还田(WS)和冬泡+秸秆还田+养虾(WSC)3个处理,采集各处理表层土壤样品,分析土壤团聚体及有机碳分布特征。结果表明:土壤水稳性团聚体以>1~2 mm粒级为主,在冬泡条件下秸秆还田处理显著提高了土壤中>2 mm团聚体比例、有机碳含量和有机碳贡献率,且增加了土壤团聚体平均质量直径;相对于冬泡+秸秆还田处理,冬泡+秸秆还田+养虾处理土壤>2 mm和>1~2 mm团聚体比例显著提高了19.8%和6.5%,而0.053~0.25 mm团聚体比例则显著下降了9.2%,且>0.25 mm的团聚体数量、平均质量直径和几何平均直径分别提高了7.8%、20.6%和37.5%。冬泡+秸秆还田+养虾处理的土壤总有机碳、微生物量碳和颗粒有机碳含量较冬泡+秸秆还田处理分别显著提高了6.2%、34.0%和23.1%,且显著提高了<0.25 mm团聚体中有机碳的含量。研究表明,稻虾共作模式下克氏原螯虾养殖促进了土壤大团聚体的形成,增强了团聚体稳定性,增加了土壤有机碳及活性组分含量,尤其提高了微团聚体中有机碳含量,提升了土壤固碳能力。