MOA视角下高校智慧图书馆服务平台研究

该研究从MOA视角出发,研究和分析现有智慧图书馆服务平台的系统架构、实践应用和优化方案以及未来可能遇到的挑战和机遇,提出科学的未来发展策略,力争实现智慧图书馆服务平台的长足发展。

MOA框架下关键核心技术突破路径研究——以光刻技术领域为例

[研究目的]识别关键核心技术突破路径,加快实现科技自立自强对维护我国产业链供应链安全具有重要的现实意义。[研究方法]基于组织行为视角,通过MOA(动机-机会-能力)分析框架厘清7个变量作为企业突破关键核心技术的前因条件。在此基础上,考虑到我国光刻技术领域的阶段性特征,选取35家光刻技术领域的上市企业为研究对象,并采用NCA和fsQCA方法,分追赶、跟随和攻坚三阶段识别关键核心技术突破路径。[研究结论]机会感知能力是企业加快实现关键核心技术突破的必要条件,且政府支持发挥了普适作用。三阶段共存在7条突破路径,概括为四种驱动类型:追赶阶段的动机-政府-吸收能力驱动型、感知能力驱动型;跟随阶段的政府-吸收能力驱动型;攻坚阶段的政府-适应能力驱动型。突破路径在三阶段间存在演变现象,形成三种演变轨迹包括“缓冲主导轨迹”“转折轨迹”和“主导轨迹”。

有声创作博主持续创作的行为影响因素及平台优化路径研究——基于MOA理论模型的实证分析

持续不断的用户生成内容是平台实现长期发展和保持竞争力的基础。本研究基于MOA理论,借助问卷调查法探讨影响有声创作者持续创作行为的关键因素。实证结果显示,娱乐动机、利益动机、感知有用性、感知易用性、创作设备、自我效能共同作用于有声创作者持续性内容生产。相比之下,社交动机、分享动机及创作技能对持续创作的影响并不显著。研究基于实证分析,提出互动仪式链、弱关系与强连接、创作激励、版权再耕力这四项相关策略,旨在为增强有声创作者持续创作动力提供参考。

医药制造企业“漂绿”行为的组态路径研究——基于MOA理论的定性比较分析

为分析企业“漂绿”行为的影响因素,以2022年48家医药制造企业为研究对象,以MOA理论为理论基础,采用fsQCA方法探讨动机、机会和能力三方面要素组合对企业“漂绿”行为的影响。研究发现:单个因素都不是构成医药制造企业高“漂绿”行为的必要条件;驱动医药制造企业“漂绿”行为的路径有3条,分别命名为“外部压力下一股独大型”“同构压力与环境规制共驱型”“外部压力与内部制衡共驱型”;盈利能力和同构压力存在替代效应,两者都可在股权制衡力度弱以及媒体监督强的组合中,致使企业产生“漂绿”行为。研究结论有助于从组态视角丰富企业“漂绿”行为驱动因素的相关研究,为治理企业“漂绿”行为提供战略性参考。

MOA理论视角下中职学生职业能力提升路径研究——基于28个职业技能大赛获奖者案例的定性比较分析

职业能力建设是推进制造强国、质量强国的重要议题。选取职业技能大赛获奖者为典型案例,基于MOA理论识别动机、机会、能力三个层面的5个前因条件,运用模糊集定性比较分析方法探讨影响中职学生职业能力提升的组合路径。研究发现:动机、机会和能力均不构成高水平职业能力的必要条件;职业能力的提升是多因素联动的结果,且存在多种实现路径;自主学习能力对职业能力提升发挥普适作用,非高学习环境是高水平职业能力发展的制约因素。基于此,中职学生职业能力的提升路径为:多措并举培养学生自主学习能力;建立以自我奋斗精神、学习环境和自主学习能力为核心条件的职业能力提升组合模式;针对不同类型学生实施不同职业能力提升组合模式。

Straw return increases crop production by improving soil organic carbon sequestration and soil aggregation in a long-term wheat-cotton cropping system

Straw return is a promising strategy for managing soil organic carbon(SOC)and improving yield stability.However,the optimal straw return strategy for sustainable crop production in the wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)-cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.)cropping system remains uncertain.The objective of this study was to quantify the long-term(10 years)impact of carbon(C)input on SOC sequestration,soil aggregation and crop yields in a wheat-cotton cropping system in the Yangtze River Valley,China.Five treatments were arranged with a single-factor randomized design as follows:no straw return(Control),return of wheat straw only(Wt),return of cotton straw only(Ct),return of 50%wheat and 50%cotton straw(Wh-Ch)and return of 100%wheat and 100%cotton straw(Wt-Ct).In comparison to the Control,the SOC content increased by 8.4 to 20.2%under straw return.A significant linear positive correlation between SOC sequestration and C input(1.42-7.19 Mg ha^(−1)yr^(−1))(P<0.05)was detected.The percentages of aggregates of sizes>2 and 1-2 mm at the 0-20 cm soil depth were also significantly elevated under straw return,with the greatest increase of the aggregate stability in the Wt-Ct treatment(28.1%).The average wheat yields increased by 12.4-36.0%and cotton yields increased by 29.4-73.7%,and significantly linear positive correlations were also detected between C input and the yields of wheat and cotton.The average sustainable yield index(SYI)reached a maximum value of 0.69 when the C input was 7.08 Mg ha^(−1)yr^(−1),which was close to the maximum value(SYI of 0.69,C input of 7.19 Mg ha^(−1)yr^(-1))in the Wt-Ct treatment.Overall,the return of both wheat and cotton straw was the best strategy for improving SOC sequestration,soil aggregation,yields and their sustainability in the wheat-cotton rotation system.

A novel approach to Parkinson's disease treatment with a potentially dual-acting therapeutic agent that targetsα-synuclein aggregation and neuron death

Parkinson's disease(PD),a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder,is chara cterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons and the aggregation ofα-synuclein protein into Lewy bodies.While the current standards of therapy have been successful in providing some symptom relief,they fail to address the underlying pathophysiology of PD and as a result,they have no effect on disease progression.

MOA视角下研究生知识囤积行为影响因素研究

为有效抑制知识囤积、促进教育组织内的知识传播与创造,基于MOA理论构建研究生知识囤积行为影响因素的理论模型,采用线性回归分析法对模型的研究假设进行验证。研究发现:自我价值提升动机、知识需求动机、组织囤积氛围、感知成本和知识水平正向影响研究生知识囤积行为,人际信任和自我效能负向影响研究生知识囤积行为,科研压力对研究生知识囤积行为的影响不显著。其中,研究生的自我效能对研究生知识囤积行为的抑制作用最强,研究生的自我价值提升动机对研究生知识囤积行为的促进作用最强。

MOA理论框架下农户绿色施肥技术采纳行为研究——以有机肥技术为例

有机肥替代化肥是新常态下实现农业绿色转型和可持续发展的有效途径。然而,农户在有机肥技术采纳方面却普遍存在“高意愿低行为”的悖离现象。为此,如何保证农户有机肥技术采纳行为的发生,成为目前农业绿色发展亟需解决的现实问题。该研究基于河南省粮食主产区702份农户的调研数据,结合MOA理论构建研究框架,利用Probit模型实证分析了内部动机、外部机会和个人能力的对农户有机肥技术采纳意愿与行为一致性的影响,运用层次回归进一步分析内部动机、外部机会与个人能力三者之间的调节效应。结果表明:内部动机、外部机会和个人能力均显著正向影响农户有机肥技术采纳行为;外部机会、个人能力在农户有机肥技术采纳内部动机与行为之间起到正向调节作用;外部机会与个人能力之间能够相互强化,正向促进农户有机肥技术采纳行为的发生。因此,加大宣传教育,优化政策环境,提供技术指导和完善咨询服务,能够激励农户绿色施肥技术采纳行为。

RBC aggregation,deformation and adhesion to endothelium:Role of nitric oxide derived from L-Arginine and sodium nitroprusside

Red blood cells(RBCs)are the most abundant human blood cells.RBC aggregation and deformation strongly determine blood viscosity which impacts hemorheology and microcirculation.In turn,RBC properties depend on di®erent endogenous and exogenous factors.One such factor is nitric oxide(NO),which is mainly produced by endothelial cells(EC)from L-arginine amino acid in the circulatory system.Since the mechanisms of the RBC-endothelium interplay are not clear up to date and considering its possible clinical importance,the aims of this study are to investigate in vitro:(1)The effect of L-arginine induced NO on RBC aggregation and adhesion to endothelium;(2)the NO e®ect on RBC aggregation and deformation induced by L-arginine and sodium nitroprusside without the presence of endothelium in the samples.The RBC aggregation and adhesion to a monolayer of EC were studied using optical tweezers(OT).The RBC deformability and aggregation without endothelium in the samples were studied using the flow chamber method and Myrenne aggregometer.We confirmed that NO increases deformability and decreases aggregation of RBCs.We showed that the soluble guanylate cyclase pathway appears to be the only NO signaling pathway involved.In the samples with the endothelium,the "bell-shaped"dependence of RBC aggregation force on L-arginine concentration was observed,which improves our knowledge about the process of NO production by endothelium.Additionally,data related to L-arginine accumulation by endothelium were obtained:Necessity of the presence of extracellular L-arginine stated by other authors was put under question.In our study,NO decreased the RBC-endothelium adhesion,however,the tendency appeared to be weak and was not confirmed in another set of experiments.To our knowledge,this is the first attempt to measure the forces of RBC adhesion to endothelium monolayer with OT.

基于MOA理论的大学生村官参与基层治理的研究——以内蒙古达茂旗为例

自党的十八大以来,大学生村官在我国基层治理中发挥越来越重要的作用,不断推进基层治理体系和治理能力的现代化进程。以内蒙古达茂旗为例,从大学生村官数量、结构、培训、服务、激励等方面对大学生村官参与基层治理的问题进行分析,发现达茂旗大学生村官参与基层治理仍然存在动机不足、能力与实际需求之间有差距和缺乏机会的困境。基于MOA理论剖析了影响大学生村官参与基层治理的原因并提出了相应对策。

Impacts of Aggregation Methods and Trophospecies Number on the Structure and Function of Marine Food Webs

Aggregation of species with similar ecological properties is one of the effective methods to simplify food web researches.However,species aggregation will affect not only the complexity of modeling process but also the accuracy of models’outputs.Selection of aggregation methods and the number of trophospecies are the keys to study the simplification of food web.In this study,three aggregation methods,including taxonomic aggregation(TA),structural equivalence aggregation(SEA),and self-organizing maps(SOM),were analyzed and compared with the linear inverse model–Markov Chain Monte Carlo(LIM-MCMC)model.Impacts of aggregation methods and trophospecies number on food webs were evaluated based on the robustness and unitless of ecological net-work indices.Results showed that aggregation method of SEA performed better than the other two methods in estimating food web structure and function indices.The effects of aggregation methods were driven by the differences in species aggregation principles,which will alter food web structure and function through the redistribution of energy flow.According to the results of mean absolute percentage error(MAPE)which can be applied to evaluate the accuracy of the model,we found that MAPE in food web indices will increase with the reducing trophospecies number,and MAPE in food web function indices were smaller and more stable than those in food web structure indices.Therefore,trade-off between simplifying food webs and reflecting the status of ecosystem should be con-sidered in food web studies.These findings highlight the importance of aggregation methods and trophospecies number in the analy-sis of food web simplification.This study provided a framework to explore the extent to which food web models are affected by dif-ferent species aggregation,and will provide scientific basis for the construction of food webs.

Small molecules to target tau amyloid aggregation

Protein aggregation has been linked with many neurodegenerative diseases,such as Alzheimer’s disease(AD)or Parkinson’s disease.AD belongs to a group of heterogeneous and incurable neurodegenerative disorders collectively known as tauopathies.They comprise frontotemporal dementia,Pick’s disease,or corticobasal degeneration,among others.The symptomatology varies with the specific tau protein variant involved and the affected brain region or cell type.However,they share a common neuropathological hallmark-the formation of proteinaceous deposits named neurofibrillary tangles.Neurofibrillary tangles,primarily composed of aggregated tau(Zhang et al.,2022),disrupt normal neuronal functions,leading to cell death and cognitive decline.

基于MOA理论的大学生村官参与基层治理的研究--以内蒙古达茂旗为例

党的十八大以来,大学生村官参与基层治理不断推进基层治理体系和治理能力的现代化。文章以内蒙古达茂旗为例,从大学生村官数量、结构、培训、服务、激励等方面对大学生村官参与基层治理的问题进行分析,发现达茂旗大学生村官参与基层治理仍然存在动机不足、能力与实际需求存在差距和缺乏机会的困境,进而基于MOA理论剖析了影响大学生村官参与基层治理的因素并提出了相应对策。

淬火温度对25Cr3MoA钢脉冲渗氮组织和性能的影响

采用不同温度淬火+600℃回火对25Cr3MoA钢进行渗氮前处理,对不同调质处理后的25Cr3MoA钢进行真空脉冲气体渗氮试验,并研究其组织、表面硬度、渗氮层硬度梯度和脆性等。结果表明:25Cr3MoA钢经不同温度淬火后,其板条状马氏体和残留奥氏体组织随淬火温度的升高逐渐变粗大,粗化温度为950℃;随着淬火温度升高,25Cr3MoA钢渗氮后白亮层厚度增加,渗氮层组织变粗大;淬火温度为900℃时,白亮层厚度为10~15μm,渗氮层晶粒尺寸较小,渗层组织较均匀;25Cr3MoA钢渗氮层深度随着淬火温度的升高而增加,渗氮层组织明显变粗大。综合分析不同温度淬火后的材料渗氮层组织、结构和性能,25Cr3MoA钢渗氮前的淬火温度建议为900℃。

Aggregation-regulated bioreduction process of graphene oxide by Shewanella bacteria

The bioreduction of graphene oxide(GO)using environmentally functional bacteria such as Shewanella represents a green approach to produce reduced graphene oxide(rGO).This process differs from the chemical reduction that involves instantaneous molecular reactions.In bioreduction,the contact of bacterial cells and GO is considered the rate-limiting step.To reveal how the bacteria-GO integration regulates rGO production,the comparative experiments of GO and three Shewanella strains were carried out.Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,Raman spectroscopy,and atomic force microscopy were used to characterize the reduction degree and the aggregation degree.The results showed that a spontaneous aggregation of GO and Shewanella into the condensed entity occurred within 36 h.A positive linear correlation was established,linking three indexes of the aggregation potential,the bacterial reduction ability,and the reduction degree(ID/IG)comprehensively.

菌草援外英文故事在抖音平台的传播效果研究:基于MOA模型的实证分析

本文以抖音平台上采用创新方式呈现的菌草援外英文故事为案例,采用MOA模型对其传播机制进行实证研究。研究结果显示,MOA模型中的动机强度、机会感知和能力程度与传播效果呈正相关。在短视频平台传播过程中,提升动机强度(增加视频情节趣味性、突出画面特色、激发受众兴趣)、增强机会感知(选择传播效益广泛的渠道,如抖音短视频平台)、加强能力程度(提高创意表达能力、提升受众信息解读水平)可有效提升菌草援外英文故事的传播效果。

Online identification and extraction method of regional large-scale adjustable load-aggregation characteristics

This article introduces the concept of load aggregation,which involves a comprehensive analysis of loads to acquire their external characteristics for the purpose of modeling and analyzing power systems.The online identification method is a computer-involved approach for data collection,processing,and system identification,commonly used for adaptive control and prediction.This paper proposes a method for dynamically aggregating large-scale adjustable loads to support high proportions of new energy integration,aiming to study the aggregation characteristics of regional large-scale adjustable loads using online identification techniques and feature extraction methods.The experiment selected 300 central air conditioners as the research subject and analyzed their regulation characteristics,economic efficiency,and comfort.The experimental results show that as the adjustment time of the air conditioner increases from 5 minutes to 35 minutes,the stable adjustment quantity during the adjustment period decreases from 28.46 to 3.57,indicating that air conditioning loads can be controlled over a long period and have better adjustment effects in the short term.Overall,the experimental results of this paper demonstrate that analyzing the aggregation characteristics of regional large-scale adjustable loads using online identification techniques and feature extraction algorithms is effective.

Differentially Private Support Vector Machines with Knowledge Aggregation

With the widespread data collection and processing,privacy-preserving machine learning has become increasingly important in addressing privacy risks related to individuals.Support vector machine(SVM)is one of the most elementary learning models of machine learning.Privacy issues surrounding SVM classifier training have attracted increasing attention.In this paper,we investigate Differential Privacy-compliant Federated Machine Learning with Dimensionality Reduction,called FedDPDR-DPML,which greatly improves data utility while providing strong privacy guarantees.Considering in distributed learning scenarios,multiple participants usually hold unbalanced or small amounts of data.Therefore,FedDPDR-DPML enables multiple participants to collaboratively learn a global model based on weighted model averaging and knowledge aggregation and then the server distributes the global model to each participant to improve local data utility.Aiming at high-dimensional data,we adopt differential privacy in both the principal component analysis(PCA)-based dimensionality reduction phase and SVM classifiers training phase,which improves model accuracy while achieving strict differential privacy protection.Besides,we train Differential privacy(DP)-compliant SVM classifiers by adding noise to the objective function itself,thus leading to better data utility.Extensive experiments on three high-dimensional datasets demonstrate that FedDPDR-DPML can achieve high accuracy while ensuring strong privacy protection.

A non-probabilistic reliability topology optimization method based on aggregation function and matrix multiplication considering buckling response constraints

A non-probabilistic reliability topology optimization method is proposed based on the aggregation function and matrix multiplication.The expression of the geometric stiffness matrix is derived,the finite element linear buckling analysis is conducted,and the sensitivity solution of the linear buckling factor is achieved.For a specific problem in linear buckling topology optimization,a Heaviside projection function based on the exponential smooth growth is developed to eliminate the gray cells.The aggregation function method is used to consider the high-order eigenvalues,so as to obtain continuous sensitivity information and refined structural design.With cyclic matrix programming,a fast topology optimization method that can be used to efficiently obtain the unit assembly and sensitivity solution is conducted.To maximize the buckling load,under the constraint of the given buckling load,two types of topological optimization columns are constructed.The variable density method is used to achieve the topology optimization solution along with the moving asymptote optimization algorithm.The vertex method and the matching point method are used to carry out an uncertainty propagation analysis,and the non-probability reliability topology optimization method considering buckling responses is developed based on the transformation of non-probability reliability indices based on the characteristic distance.Finally,the differences in the structural topology optimization under different reliability degrees are illustrated by examples.