Lifestyles of Older Adults in Castilla-La Mancha(Spain):Influence of Sex,Age,and Habitat

This paper presents the quantitative research results of a comprehensive study titled“Current Profle of Older Adults in Castilla-La Mancha(Spain).”The study aims to understand and describe the characteristics of individuals aged 65 and above within this autonomous region,with a focus on the variables of sex,age,and habitat.A cross-sectional approach was employed,utilizing quantitative methods to collect data.To gather information,a customized questionnaire was developed to address the study objectives,covering various aspects such as sociodemographic factors,living conditions,leisure activities,social participation,and cultural interests.The survey was conducted via telephone,ensuring representation by employing gender quotas,age-group stratifcation,and considerations for habitat size.A representative sample of 1,065 participants was included in the study.The fndings reveal a degree of homogeneity in the lifestyles of older adults,with discernible variations infuenced by factors such as sex,habitat,and age.These results shed light on the diverse habits and experiences of older adults,emphasizing the signifcance of habitat conditions,social participation,and the aging process.

Distinct potential aerosol masses under different scenarios of transport at a suburban site of Beijing

In order to evaluate the secondary aerosol formation potential at a suburban site of Beijing,in situ perturbation experiments in a potential aerosol mass（PAM） reactor were carried out in the winter of 2014.The variations of secondary aerosol formation as a function of time,OH exposure,and the concentrations of gas phase pollutants and particles were reported in this study.Two periods with distinct secondary aerosol formation potentials,marked as Period Ⅰ and Period Ⅱ,were identified during the observation.In Period Ⅰ,the secondary aerosol formation potential was high,and correlated well to the air pollutants,i.e.,SO2,NO2,and CO.The maximal secondary aerosol formation was observed with an aging time equivalent to about 3 days of atmospheric oxidation.In period Ⅱ,the secondary aerosol formation potential was low,with no obvious correlation with the air pollutants.Meanwhile,the aerosol mass decreased,instead of showing a peak,with increasing aging time.Backward trajectory analysis during the two periods confirmed that the air mass in Period Ⅰwas mainly from local sources,while it was attributed mostly to long distance transport in Period Ⅱ.The air lost its reactivity during the long transport and the particles became highly aged,resulting in a low secondary aerosol formation potential.Our experimental results indicated that the in situ measurement of the secondary aerosol formation potential could provide important information for evaluating the contributions of local emission and long distance transport to the aerosol pollution.