Survey on the Demand for Elderly Care Services of Community Residents in Beijing and Analysis of Influencing Factors

Objective: To investigate the current situation of the demand for geriatric care services of community residents in Beijing and analyze the influencing factors to provide a reference basis for meeting the demand for diversified and professional geriatric care services. Methods: A self-made questionnaire was used to randomly survey 1558 elderly individuals at community health service centers in 8 urban districts where elderly care centers were planned to be built. The influencing factors of the different characteristics of elderly care service needs from three aspects were analyzed using a dichotomous logistic regression model: predisposing, enabling, and, need factors. Results: 69.7% of the elderly required home care services, 22.8% wanted to get care services at elderly care centers, 15.9% wanted to get care services at nursing homes, 12.3% required community care services, and 7.4% didn’t know where to access care services. 68.5% of the elderly required care services for disabilities/semi-disabilities, 58.0% for dementia, 54.7% for common diseases, 34.9% for rehabilitation training, 33.0% for plumbing care, and 7.5% for hospice care. At the same time, there were urban- rural differences in the demand for elderly care services, with suburban elderly having a higher demand for care services than those living in urban areas (P < 0.05). The elderly’s demand for care services was mainly related to age, place of residence, and gender in the causative factors, mode of residence and physical condition among able factors, and mode of care services and care needs among need factors (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The demand for elderly care services was differentiated by factors including place of residence, age, and gender. It is crucial to accurately match the demand for elderly care services, innovate the mode of elderly care services, and improve the service quality to improve the elderly health service system.

A quantitative analysis of socioeconomics of illicit drug use for improving targeted interventions in Hong Kong

Illicit drug use is a critical and challenging issue globally,but there is a lack of thorough understanding of the underlying mechanisms of drug use,which is essential for policy interventions,in many threatened places.This study aims to explore the socioeconomic determinants of drug use to support policy design in Hong Kong and other regions with similar issues.Multiple linear regression models and fixed-effects models are employed to examine the socioeconomic determinants of drug use based on the most comprehensive data on drug use and population in Hong Kong from 1991 to 2016.The estimates show that demographic and socioeconomic characteristics are important predictors of illicit drug use.The highest rate of drug use is observed for people aged between 20 and 30,as well as for those with primary education.Compared with males,the female drug use rate is 15(or 46)per 10,000 people lower for the newly(or previously)addicted cases.A 10%increase in monthly income is associated with a 14%drop in drug use rate at the district level.The average annual expenditure on drug use is USD 32.6 million in Hong Kong.Drug policies shall pay more attention to these at-risk groups,and shall consider more financial support to lower the drug use rates.

Research on the Improvement Path of the Mental Health of the Elderly From the Perspective of College Students’Volunteer Service Activities

The elderly are the main objects of college students’volunteer service activities.At present,there are various forms of college students’volunteer service activities,which are highly valued by colleges and universities and popular among college students.In order to further improve the mental health of the elderly,it could be achieved through paths like strengthening volunteering cooperation with aged services agencies,implementing the volunteer service mechanism of“one person-one file,one person-one policy”for the elderly,establishing a mental health mentor system for volunteer service activities,improving the mental health knowledge level of college student volunteers,carrying out a series of voluntary service activities with the theme of mental health,attaching importance on cultivating the positive and optimistic attitude of the elderly in volunteer service activities,and launching volunteer service activities to enrich the spiritual and cultural life of the elderly.

Problems and Countermeasures of Intelligent Elderly Care Service in the Context of Fewer Children in China

With the intensification of population aging and the implementation of the three-child policy,the elderly care pressure of Chinese families continues to rise.Therefore,accelerating the construction of a new intelligent elderly care service model is an important measure to actively respond to population aging,ease the burden of family elderly care and promote high-quality economic development.In view of this,this study analyzed the intelligent elderly care service to explore the relevant countermeasures of the intelligent elderly care service in the context of fewer children.

Exploration on China's Institution-oriented Elderly Care Service System Based on Human Factors Engineering

Objective Aging process in China has brought more and more challenges to traditional home-based care for the aged and more attentions to the mode of institution-oriented elderly care.This work,by analyzing the problems and defects of institution engaging in elderly care based on the human factors engineering theory,discusses the people-centered institution-oriented elderly care service system,in terms of the problems that the pattern of institution-oriented elderly care focuses more on the facilities and environment construction than the principal role of people in the elderly care service system.Methods Sampled the institutions engaging in elderly care in Hefei City,Anhui Province,P.R.China(a medium-sized city in China);surveyed 45 institutions engaging in elderly care and 828 registered elders in Hefei City by hierarchical and systematic sampling method.Results(1)institutions engaging in elderly care shared the occupancy rate of 49.6%and low total service efficiency;(2)institutions engaging in elderly care offered 100%life-oriented service items,but only 6.1%personalized service items provided;(3)100%simple housing facilities in elderly care institutions,but extremely less personalized service facility(3.2%),with poorer quality and less satisfaction;(4)insufficient professional service staff could be available;48.1%institutions have 5 or less professional service staffs.Conclusion A countermeasure to improve the elderly care service system was raised here by aiming at improving the institution-oriented elderly care service:(1)to transfer service toward the people-oriented concept,formulating preferential policy for endowment insurance;(2)to pay attention to personalized design of service facility,offer personalized and featured service items,and improve service management level;(3)to build professional team for elderly care.

流动人口社会保护治理研究——以粤港澳大湾区内地九市为例

跨区域流动人口的社会保护水平,是衡量城市融合发展水平的“晴雨表”。本文基于亚洲开发银行提出的社会保护指数(SPI)视角,评估粤港澳大湾区流动人口的社会保护水平,梳理了粤港澳大湾区流动人口社会保护的困境和治理策略。实证结果显示,粤港澳大湾区内地九市的社会保护可分为福利型、储蓄型和保险型三种模式,其政策特征和社会保护的深度和广度都具有显著差异。基于此,本文对优化粤港澳大湾区社会保护体系提出建议:以政策供给服务质量为基础,提升粤港澳大湾区城市社会保护成效;以多元社会保障需求为靶向,提升粤港澳大湾区社会保护整体统筹效能;以跨境统筹协调机制为保障,打造流动人口社会保护的“湾区模式”。

村域社会资本与农村互助养老实现——基于农村老人养老服务供给意愿视角的分析

互助养老能否实现很大程度上取决于农村老人拥有的养老服务供给意愿。本研究基于对全国11省31村农村老人的抽样调查数据,展示了农村老人养老服务供给意愿的特征,并运用多元线性回归模型,从村域社会资本切入,分析了村域网络、村域互惠、村域信任以及村域规范对农村老人养老服务供给意愿的影响。研究发现:在服务内容上,农村老人更愿意为他人提供精神慰藉服务,然后是生活照料服务,最后是医疗护理服务;在服务对象上,农村老人养老服务的供给意愿符合由近及远的“差序格局”特征。村域社会资本对农村老人养老服务供给意愿的影响是多维的,村域网络中的正式网络显著正向影响农村老人养老服务的供给意愿,但非正式网络的影响则不显著;村域信任中的人际信任显著正向影响农村老人养老服务的供给意愿,而制度信任的影响则不显著;村域互惠与村域规范均显著正向影响农村老人养老服务的供给意愿。研究还发现,村域社会资本对农村老人养老服务供给意愿的影响存在服务内容和服务对象的差异,同时还存在群体分异。

教育应对人口老龄化挑战的趋势分析

目前我国快速发展的人口老龄化给社会带来了巨大冲击和挑战。教育在应对老龄化挑战过程中,应从满足老年群体精神需求出发,进一步优化老年教育发展环境,不断整合资源,创新形式、丰富内容,应从满足老年群体生活需求出发,重视养老人才队伍建设,加大培养力度,完善培养体系。

建立中国特色的社区综合养老社会服务体系

支持老人就地养老是当前老年社会服务的一个核心实践。它不仅能够让老人在熟悉的社区环境里度过晚年,维系对身心健康具有重要意义的社会网络和社会支持,而且与机构照顾相比,能够显著降低社会成本。分析我国当前社区养老服务的有利条件和不利因素,总结梳理国际上的养老服务经验,提出在我国城市和农村建立社区综合养老社会服务体系的框架。这一框架试图将当前参与养老社会服务的多元主体纳入其中,包括社区养老服务、机构养老服务、居家养老服务、家庭(类似家庭或模拟家庭)养老、结伴(老年公寓)养老等方面。最后就政府的宏观战略规划、完善社会服务支持体系和构建良好的养老环境提出了政策建议,以期对社区综合养老服务体系的建立和完善提供必要支持。

需求理念下我国农村养老保障政府行为再思考

随着人口老龄化进程的不断加深,我国公共服务领域养老保障体系建设的重要性日益凸显。这项需要政府推动才能不断完善的重大民生工程,虽然投入了大量的人财物力,但这些资源主要流向了城镇地区。由于城镇居民生活水平普遍高于农村居民,不断提高的养老保障供给标准和相继完善的养老床位设施、供给补贴等,均能够较好地契合城镇居民养老需求。但是,在我国广大农村地区,一边是逐年上升的老年人口,其中包括大量的留守老人和失能半失能老人,另一边是徒然空洞的农村养老保障和服务,使得农村成为我国养老保障体系建设的薄弱环节。近几年,地方政府开始关注农村地区养老,希望推动农村养老保障体系建设。但由于供给标准和服务脱离了居民需求,农村养老市场未能开发,造成了部分资源浪费和养老需求仍得不到满足的矛盾局面。分析政府养老保障建设忽视农村需求而存在的问题,提出应以需求理念为宗旨,从养老需求、市场发展、监督管理和制度制定等方面调整政府行为,以推动农村养老保障体系的进一步完善。

中西交融文化下的香港老年社会福利述评

面对人口已经严重老龄化的现状,多年来,特别是在后殖民地时期,香港摸索出了一套与自身经济、政治、文化背景相符合的老年福利模式。香港老年福利体系主要由老年保障和安老服务两方面所构成,其中,老年保障主要包括综援与生果金、强积金和个人储蓄及家庭资助;安老服务主要包括长者社区支持服务和安老院舍照顾服务。现时香港老年福利制度与其中西合璧的政治、社会、历史文化背景和自由主义的经济体制密不可分,而且未来的老年福利改革也要顺应香港的实情和民意。因此,无论是香港老年福利的当前架构,还是未来改革方向,对于正在高速发展的中国内地,都具有一定的参考价值。

人口老龄化对经济增长阶段的异质性影响及其作用机制——基于粤港澳大湾区的分析

人口老龄化对经济增长的影响是各国政府和学界关注的重要课题。我国继党的十九届五中全会将积极应对人口老龄化上升为国家战略,近期召开的党的二十大更明确提出要积极发展养老事业和养老产业,优化孤寡老人服务,推动实现全体老年人享有基本养老服务。已有文献普遍关注人口老龄化的经济后果,但却忽略了人口老龄化发展的阶段性特征及其对经济增长的影响。粤港澳大湾区基本包含了人口老龄化发展的各个阶段,以其为研究对象分析人口老龄化对经济增长的影响具有重要的理论和现实意义。研究结果表明:人口老龄化发展的不同阶段对经济增长的影响呈U型关系,即:在跨入中度老龄化社会前,人口老龄化对经济增长具有抑制作用,且主要是通过劳动供给和资本替代劳动两条路径影响经济增长;进入中度老龄化社会尤其是中度老龄化社会晚期和重度老龄化社会,人口老龄化对经济增长逐渐转为正向作用。这一作用机制的产生,源自资本替代劳动的效应带来了产业结构的转型升级,人口老龄化促使技术进步的效应缓解或抵消了人口老龄化带来的不利影响。中国人口老龄化程度不断加深是必然趋势,政府应及早采取应对措施,加快产业结构转型升级,妥善应对人口老龄化给国民经济增长带来的冲击。

对我国社区养老的可行性分析

20世纪70年代以来,人口老龄化逐渐成为全球范围的普遍趋势。我国人口老龄化具有不同于发达国家的特点,老年人口数量大,老龄化速度快。本文从分析现行养老服务模式存在的局限性入手,分析了社区养老的必要性、可行性和优越性,指出社区养老是我国养老保障的新选择,并阐述了社区养老模式的初步构建框架。

人口老龄化背景下健康养老与老年体育的研究

研究目的:在深入分析健康养老服务与老年体育的内容基础上,提出人口老龄化背景下我国健康养老服务与老年体育的发展路径。研究方法:文献资料法。研究结果与结论:中国已进入人口老龄化社会,养老服务业还处于发展初期,监管机制尚不健全、养老服务和产品供给不足的问题十分突出,老年体育人口少,设施不够完善、管理体制不够健全等问题,认为开展健康养老服务与老年体育活动是人口老龄化的重要途径。

社区研究、社区养老与社会政策

从国际比较的角度,回顾社区研究、社区服务及有关历史,反思中国的"社区"及其在社会政策实践中的作用。分析中西方养老模式与理念之异同以吸取有益经验,对中国式"社区养老"与西方的community care(社区照顾)以及近年来流行的aging in place(AIP,就地养老)作了回顾比较,并在更广阔的社会经济背景下探讨未来发展趋势。社区养老将成为中国养老方式的主流,但社区养老不是变相家庭养老。家庭的养老功能急剧减弱,不久的将来,当大批"空巢"(包括孤独鳏寡)老人进入高龄阶段后,尤其是需要长期照顾(long-term care)的时候,"以居家为基础"更不能简单理解为以自我或家庭照顾为主,居家社区服务必须跟上,机构养老一床难求的局面要尽早改变。正视独生子女政策以及城市化发展的后续问题,针对即将到来的巨大社会养老需求,大力发展社会服务(包括机构养老),这是非常时期应对"潮独"(婴儿潮出生、成为独生子女父母)一代特别突出的"空巢"家庭问题积极开展研究的必然思路。综合社会服务体系框架设计、分户不分居的代际支持方式、城乡老年人健康分化等,都是与社区养老密切相关的研究课题。中国总体公共政策已经由"经济国家"向"后经济国家"转型,为社区养老事业朝正确方向发展提供了历史条件,国家"十三五"规划为此做了新的战略部署。政策研究还要注意避免这种有针对性的养老举措在将来过时而造成国家负担过重。

中国香港与新加坡应对人口老龄化的医疗保险改革实践及其借鉴意义

面对人口老龄化程度的不断加深,中国香港和新加坡启动新一轮医疗保险改革。新加坡的MSL改革主要出于政治考虑,在政府的全民健康福利理念改进中又有所保留;而中国香港的VHIS计划则是政府和社会之间妥协的产物。我国内地在借鉴其经验教训时应该从政府、市场和社会环境变化三个层面设计并理顺改革逻辑。

深圳、香港、上海日间照料中心的差异分析

对深圳、香港、上海三地日间照料中心的发展背景、服务对象、服务内容、运行机制等进行差异研究分析,剖析三地日间照料中心养老模式内在特点及发展经验,为深圳市日间照料中心的可持续发展提供借鉴性意见.

人口老龄化背景下中国香港地铁服务满意度分析与改进策略研究

我国的人口老龄化趋势日益凸显,受到政府和社会的高度关注。实施积极应对人口老龄化国家战略,满足老年人多层次、多样化需求成为国家的中心工作之一。地铁是老年人重要的出行方式和移动性保障,本研究基于270名老年人对中国香港地铁(MTR)服务满意度的问卷调查数据,建立随机森林模型关联整体满意度与属性满意度,并构建“重要性-满意度”指数识别地铁属性适老化改进的优先级。研究发现:老年人对地铁服务基本满意;老年人重点关注的地铁服务属性是候车空间、优先座位和行车稳定性;老年人较少关注的属性是发车频率和准时性;改进优先级最高的地铁服务属性是优先座位、车厢温度和站点可达性。据此,针对性提出地铁适老化改进策略。

粤港澳大湾区养老服务业协同发展研究

养老服务业协同发展有利于粤港澳大湾区深层次融合,保障老年人养老权益的实现和促进经济社会全面发展。大湾区养老服务业在资源禀赋方面存在互补关系,且三地政府也注重在养老服务领域开展合作。但当前的合作中存在着发展水平较低、制度间协调不足和专门合作机制缺位等问题。在协同发展理论指导下,粤港澳大湾区养老服务业合作的重点是打破发展过程中的体制、机制障碍。对此建议制定协同发展规划、创新协同治理机制、提升养老服务法治化水平和加强新兴养老服务领域合作。

港澳地区老年教育实践回顾与发展启示

随着我国人口老龄化程度进一步加深,老年教育成为提高老年人生命质量的有效途径。港澳地区老年教育经过起步期、规范发展期、政策研订期,形成了各具特色的运行模式,在体系建设、法规建设、招生教学、课程设置等方面积累了宝贵经验。据此,对我国内地老年教育的发展提出如下建议:加强顶层设计,完善政策法规体系;规范办学,提升教学质量;汇聚社会力量,促进跨界共融。