Inverse Leaf Aging Sequence (ILAS) and Its Significance of Wheat

The implication of the revelation of the inverse leaf aging sequence（ILAS） of wheat needs to be probed in theory and practice.Since 2005,the comparison experiment of the ILAS and the conventional leaf aging sequence（CLAS） has been carried out to measure the canopy temperature and some important biological parameters of wheat.In nature,there existed the phenomenon that the wheat leaves aged in an sequence opposite to the conventional sequence and some of the leaves of ILAS wheat aged sequentially differed from those of CLAS wheat,i.e.,the penultimate leaves rather than the flag leaves aged last among the leaves at different leaf positions;in correspondence with the inverse leaf aging sequence,there appeared an unconventional leaf color structure at the late fruiting stage,which had yellow upper leaves and green lower leaves,opposite to the conventional leaf color structure that had green upper leaves and yellow lower leaves;the chlorophyll concentrations,soluble protein concentrations,transpiration rates,and net photosynthetic rates of the penultimate leaves of ILAS wheat unconventionally surpassed those of their flag leaves as their growth moved forward from one stage to another stage,and the ILAS wheat characteristically presented cold canopy temperature,i.e.,a cold tail canopy temperature at the late fruiting stage,or a cold canopy temperature at the whole fruiting stage;because ILAS wheat was unique in physiological process,its kernel weights were obviously higher than those of CLAS wheat,which closely related to the ＂relay＂ kernel-filling mode,which was different from the kernel-filling mode of CLAS wheat under which the flag leaves act as the main nutrient supply source at the whole fruiting stage.This study provided a new idea and approach for the theoretical exploration on wheat fruiting and aging,wheat yield further improvement,and cold type wheat and cold tail wheat breeding.

Thermodynamic re-assessment of the Mg-Gd-Y ternary system coupling with the driving forces for phase precipitations during aging process

Based on the available experimental phase equilibrium relations and aging precipitation sequences,the Mg–Gd–Y ternary system has been thermodynamically re-assessed by means of CALPHAD technique.To simulate the experimentally reported aging precipitation sequence,α(Mg)_(SS)(supersaturated)→GP zones(D019-type,metastable)→β’-Mg_(7)Gd(c-bco,metastable)→β_(1)-Mg_(3)Gd(fcc,metastable)→β-Mg_(5)Gd(fcc,stable)near the Mg–Gd side,andα(Mg)SS(supersaturated)→β’-Mg_(7)Y(c-bco,metastable)→β-Mg_(24)Y_(5)(bcc,stable)near the Mg–Y side,the effective nucleation driving forces obtained by deducting the nucleation resistances from the thermodynamic driving forces are calculated and analyzed.Two metastable components,GP zones(D019-type)andβ’(c-bco)ordered fromα(Mg)_(SS),do not exist in the stable equilibrium phase diagram but appear in the annealing process of typical alloys.The Redlich–Kister equations are adopted to describe three solution phases,Liquid,HCP_A3 and BCC_A2.The intermediate compounds Mg_(2)Y,Mg_(24)Y_(5),Mg_(2)Gd,Mg_(3)Gd and Mg_(5)Gd are expressed by the formulas of(Mg,Y)_(2/3)(Gd,Mg,Y)_(1/3),Mg_(24/29)(Gd,Mg,Y)_(4/29)Y1/29,(Gd,Mg)_(2/3)(Gd,Mg,Y)_(1/3),(Gd,Mg)_(3/4)(Gd,Mg,Y)_(1/4)and Mg_(5/6)(Gd,Mg,Y)_(1/6),respectively.In particular,the two-sublattice models(Gd,Mg,Y)_(1/2)(Gd,Mg,Y)_(1/2),(Gd,Mg,Y)_(3/4)(Gd,Mg,Y)_(1/4)and(Gd,Mg,Y)_(7/8)(Gd,Mg,Y)_(1/8)have been respectively used to describe the stable Mg(Gd,Y)(BCC_B2)alloy compound as well as the metastable GP zones(D019-type)andβ’(c-bco)phase,in order to cope with the order-disorder transitions.A set of self-consistent thermodynamic parameters has been obtained to ensure the thermodynamic calculations well consistent with the reported experimental data,containing not only the stable equilibrium phase diagram but also the aging precipitation sequence.

Microarray-Based Differential Expression Monitoring of 79 Novel Genes in Human Fetal Tissues

ESTs fragments which represents corresponding novel genes were obtained by sequencing and bioinformatics analysis of human fet al kidney cDNA library. Microarray was prepared by using these novel EST fragmen ts by automatic spotting. Expression patters of 79 ESTs of novel genes from huma n fetal kidney were analyzed in fetal brain and fetal heart tissues of 20\|week\ | and 26\|week\|age fetus by performing of cDNA chip hybridization. This provide s clues for studying exact functions of the novel genes. 8 genes were obtained w hich were expressed differentially in the fetal brain and heart of 20\|week\| an d 26\|week\|age respectively. Then differentially expressed genes were identifie d by Northern analysis. The more exact function of the novel genes is under stud y.