Characteristic Innovation of City Square at Guangxi Minority Nationality Regions

After description of the concept of urban feature with Nanning and Liuzhou City as example,the paper illustrated regional characteristics of Guangxi City and highlighted its cultural atmosphere of minority nationalities.It emphasized that only when regional urban feature was further enhanced could city development be promoted,and that only when urban feature was clearly identified could city square was characteristic.As for site selection of city square,it should follow principles of people-orientation,integrity,landscape,economy,ecology and geomancy.As for construction of city square,it should pay attention to integrate urban cultural feature based on relevant principles,and both inherit local historical culture and highlight local natural characteristic.In addition,folk artistic elements could be applied in city square,and folk artistic elements of nonmaterial culture could be integrated into the theme of city square.Material artistic elements could be also extracted and concluded as a kind of aesthetic art,reflected in concrete architectural forms.Characteristic innovation of city square should respect planning,start from city actuality,be based on self characteristics,consider citizens' willingness,and draw on local resources,so as to manifest regional cultural characteristic and promote city influence and competitiveness.

Application of Environment Psychology in City Square Design

Concept of city square was introduced and believed as an important component of urban landscape and also a major space for urban residents' activities. Beauty of city square lies in the interaction between environment and social behaviors. By introducing the two-way interaction between city square and users, behavior psychology was proposed as the foundation of environment design of plaza. As more and more attention is given to humancentered design of outdoor spaces, environment psychology has gradually been more applied in the design of various urban landscape spaces. In view of problems in the present square design, relevant theories of environment psychology were introduced to analyze psychological needs and behavior characteristics of people in outdoor spaces, and techniques for human- centered designs of city square explored to build public spaces for city dwellers.

Plant Landscape Design of City Square

The paper discussed the principle of plant landscape design of city square and the designing method of plant landscape in different types of city squares, aiming at providing operational creative principle and method for current plant landscape design of city square.

Construction of Ecological Squares Based on the Concept of Sponge City

The application of the concept of sponge city in engineering and construction can efficiently reduce the surface runoff and peak flow,prevent surface flooding,and purify rainwater,thus achieving the recycle of water resources.In this paper,ecological technologies including the permeable concrete floor,sunken green space,grassed swale,ecological tree pool,and catchment module were comprehensively used in the construction of ecological squares.It can be said that this paper has carried on the effective exploration and practice of ensuring the city's water ecological security,promoting the transition of the traditional concept of urbanization construction in China and the sustainable development of the modernization construction of urban clusters.

Square Design of Mountain Cities: A Case Study of Shiyan Broadcasting Media Center Square

City squares are an important part of urban public spaces and play an important role in improving the quality of urban landscapes. For mountain cities, city squares with mountainous characteristics formed by its special geographical environment, which have more identifiability and uniqueness than that in plain cities, have greater influence on the promotion of city image. Their unique regional cultural characteristics and local customs and practices have shaped the totally different temperament of mountain cities. Based on the dialectical relationship between the square, the landscape and the culture, this paper took Shiyan Broadcasting Media Center Square for example to explore the ideas of landscape design in mountain cities.

Influence of using plants to design landscape in city recreational squares on environment

Through the investigation on influence of temperature, humidity and effects of landscape in Harbin First Department Store （Hayibai） Center Recreational Square, the influence of landscape designing of plant on the environment was researched. Two improved suggestions were given after analyzing the results of the investigation. One is to further plan the market of designing of city recreational square, and to manage and maintain the city recreational square; the other is to make good policies to control and avoid some large scale political projects.

Modeling Solid Waste Minimization Performance at Source in Dar es Salaam City, Tanzania

Municipal solid waste generation is strongly linked to rising human population and expanding urban areas, with significant implications on urban metabolism as well as space and place values redefinition. Effective management performance of municipal solid waste management underscores the interdisciplinarity strategies. Such knowledge and skills are paramount to uncover the sources of waste generation as well as means of waste storage, collection, recycling, transportation, handling/treatment, disposal, and monitoring. This study was conducted in Dar es Salaam city. Driven by the curiosity model of the solid waste minimization performance at source, study data was collected using focus group discussion techniques to ward-level local government officers, which was triangulated with literature and documentary review. The main themes of the FGD were situational factors (SFA) and local government by-laws (LGBY). In the FGD session, sub-themes of SFA tricked to understand how MSW minimization is related to the presence and effect of services such as land use planning, availability of landfills, solid waste transfer stations, material recovery facilities, incinerators, solid waste collection bins, solid waste trucks, solid waste management budget and solid waste collection agents. Similarly, FGD on LGBY was extended by sub-themes such as contents of the by-law, community awareness of the by-law, and by-law enforcement mechanisms. While data preparation applied an analytical hierarchy process, data analysis applied an ordinary least square (OLS) regression model for sub-criteria that explain SFA and LGBY;and OLS standard residues as variables into geographically weighted regression with a resolution of 241 × 241 meter in ArcMap v10.5. Results showed that situational factors and local government by-laws have a strong relationship with the rate of minimizing solid waste dumping in water bodies (local R square = 0.94).

Analysis of Current Situation and Countermeasures of Plant Landscapes on Tianjin Urban Squares of China

Through the survey of plant landscapes on eight representative squares in Tianjin City,the paper had pointed out that plant landscapes on Tianjin squares were improper in terms of plants richness,cultivation layer and color change.It had suggested selecting regional characteristic tree species,applying salt-tolerant plants,emphasizing the diversity of plants species,highlighting the application of towering arbors,stressing the use of color-leaved plants,and creating abundant plant communities,so as to provide citizens with a more practical and ornamental square landscape environment through improving plant landscapes on squares in Tianjin City.

“方割”与“融合”:北魏洛阳城的社会空间研究

北魏在扩建都城平城时,为应对大规模移民的聚居问题,采用“方割”为名的规划建设方式,后在北魏洛阳城推行。“方割”的初衷是保证不同社会阶层的居住隔离,但北魏洛阳城的社会空间却表现出“融合”趋势。目前规划史研究并未关注。根据历史文献,将北魏洛阳城的居民划分为胡汉士庶四个等级阶层,以《洛阳伽蓝记》为数据来源。研究发现,各城区都有不同程度的阶层混居;里坊间的阶层差异虽然高于城区间的差异,但里坊内也有民族、士庶、南北朝等不同社会阶层的混居现象。北魏洛阳城的社会空间在统一的“方割”底图上,总体上呈现出城区尺度的居住混合与里坊尺度的居住隔离相交织的结构特征。长期推行的汉化政策是主要原因;汉化政策又通过影响阶层认知和城市规划建设方式,进一步影响了社会融合。其中“方割”而成的里坊,以统一的形制对社会空间分异起到了消弭作用。研究能够丰富中国城市发展与规划建设史,并为认识城市规划与社会发展之间的关系提供历史启示。

方格上的乌托邦:建筑标准化思想向未来城市的延伸

建筑标准化思想虽因现实建造而生,但也在众多空想城市中频现其身。在城市空间里,它时而反映政治控制,时而体现技术统治,即:既属于技术,也属于观念。建筑标准化的一些基本特征如统一性、高效性、畅达性、秩序性,不断被乌托邦建筑师利用和追求,或偶尔回避,经常以不同方式表现其存在。在传统标准化技术支持下的乌托邦城市,不仅普遍使用类似方格网这样的简单线性形式,还充当着工业时代线性建造逻辑的代表;而新型标准化正走向非线性的未来。

基于站城融合理念的铁路客站一体化设计

在铁路客站项目设计中,站场和站房是铁路客站的基本组成部分,两者的系统性决定了铁路客站的运营效率和乘客体验。通过近期在杭州西站、新塘站、广州白云站、虎门站等铁路客站的工程实践,整理了场站协调一体化设计的形式和要点,提出铁路客站整体规划设计的方法。铁路客站一体化设计应根据不同地区的地理、人口、经济等特点,灵活设计交通枢纽场站的功能布局,完善城市交通枢纽功能,改善乘客出行体验,并将客站与周边建筑环境、公共空间相融合,形成和谐的城市景观。该研究可为相关客站建设应用提供参考。

有机更新理念下中小城市火车站前广场景观设计——以淮安站为例

在我国城市发展由增量建设向存量更新转变的趋势下,城市建设重点已转为存量空间提质增效。中小城市火车站前广场作为我国城市存量空间的重要组成部分,逐步成为各方关注的焦点。以淮安站前广场为研究对象,在分析其景观现存问题的基础上,结合有机更新理念,从功能布局、交通流线、空间组织、地域文化4个角度提出站前广场景观的有机更新策略,以为其他中小城市的火车站前广场设计提供参考。

环境行为学视角下城市广场入口空间活力提升策略探析——以重庆市三峡广场西入口为例

城市广场入口空间与城市道路连接,对提升街道形象和吸引人流具有重要作用。随着城市化进程的不断推进,该类空间逐渐暴露出空间标志性与引导性不足、空间活力缺失等问题。以重庆市三峡广场西入口为例,依据环境行为学相关原理,考察入口空间实体环境要素、行为活动要素及知觉认知要素,总结现存问题,探索城市广场入口空间活力提升策略。

基于公众行为分析的城市休闲广场座椅设施设计研究

为创造良好的休憩环境,提升广场的活力。通过调研城市广场公众行为与公共座椅设施使用情况,得到公众对广场公共座椅设施使用需求以及公共座椅设施现存问题。分析国内外优秀案例。提出适合公众行为规律的城市广场公共座椅设施创新设计方法。优秀的公共座椅设施座椅设计可以提升公众在城市广场休息时的舒适度,提高广场的活力。

基于地理探测器的城市广场活力测度及其影响因子分析——以南京市为例

基于多源数据建构了城市广场活力测度模型,设计了“供给-可达-需求”3个维度识别广场活力影响因子的分析指标及方法,并以南京主城区为实证对象进行分析。结果表明:南京主城区城市广场活力呈现“高聚集-低稳定-多峰值”的活力态势,城市中心城区内占地面积小的市民广场是最具吸引力的空间。其他旅游景点、商业服务设施、居民点密度、公共交通站点、人口密度、广场面积对城市广场的活力聚集度呈显著影响。广场“需求”和“可达”维度因子是活力的核心作用力;“供给”维度因子多表现为广场活力聚集度的协同作用力,对广场活力稳定度的影响作用更显著。研究提供了一种从量化的角度对城市广场的使用现状进行“自下而上”的认知方法。其分析结果可为广场的规划、建设及更新提供决策层面的依据。

寒地城市广场与景观的地域性设计探析

文中以寒地城市独特的气候条件为出发点,提出了寒地城市广场与景观的现状问题,以提升城市中的广场空间的宜居性,发掘带有寒地城市烙印的地域文化,意在探寻适合寒地城市广场与景观设计的新模式,提高城市景观质量和寒地城市人居环境。

新标准实施后我国城市人均建设用地变化研究——基于用地管控的视角

合理管控城市建设用地增长是实现城市集约、高效、健康发展的重要前提,也是走好我国城镇化后半程的迫切要求。本研究从建设用地管控视角,分析新标准实施以来我国城市人均建设用地面积及超标城市占比变化,结果表明,二者均继续增加,且不同等级、不同地区城市之间差异明显,建设用地管控压力较大。采用偏最小二乘法分析影响城市人均建设用地超标度的主要因素,发现超标度除受到城市原有用地水平、区位、等级影响外,社会经济发展也对其有一定作用。据此建议综合考虑城市区位、等级差异开展城市建设用地差异化管控,并结合城市社会发展水平、经济增长速度、公共财政状况等具体情况来进行弹性调节。

黄山市三维生态足迹变化及旅游影响研究

旅游业作为黄山市主导产业,其发展是否有利于推动黄山市生态可持续发展是亟待回答的理论与现实问题。文章利用2000—2019年黄山市经济社会相关数据,基于“地区公顷”下均衡因子和产量因子,运用三维生态足迹改进模型与偏最小二乘法,测度分析黄山市近20年生态足迹变化及旅游对其影响。研究表明:(1)黄山市“地区公顷”下均衡因子和产量因子与“全球公顷”下因子存在一定差别,能更精准反映黄山市生态环境状况。(2)2000—2019年,黄山市生态赤字波动下降。人均生态足迹由1.51 ha·cap^(–1)减少到1.20 ha·cap^(–1)。人均生态承载力则稳定在0.79 ha·cap^(–1)左右;(3)人均生态足迹广度变化平缓,黄山市居民占用的自然资本流量主要来自于耕地和林地;(4)人均生态足迹深度大于1,2019年大约需1.53个黄山市空间上的生物生产性土地面积才能满足黄山市居民需求,整体呈波动下降趋势。耕地和草地资源存量透支较多;(5)旅游发展可改善黄山市自然环境,一定程度缓解了黄山市生态压力。第三产业发展、旅游城镇化、居民消费转型升级、经济结构调整优化可降低黄山市生态足迹。

基于健康促进理论的城市广场改造设计研究——以唐闸古镇1895广场为例

城市广场作为市民聚集较为密集的场所,它的环境关系着人们的身心健康。但是目前城市广场的空间营造和基础设施并不能满足人们对健康的现实需求。因此,改造一些不合理的城市广场迫在眉睫。文章首先梳理了国内外健康促进理论的发展历程及概念;其次对国内五个城市广场现状进行现场实地调研,调查使用者的实际使用需求,并厘清健康促进理论与城市广场的关系;再次,提出了基于健康促进理论的城市广场改造设计原则,并构建健康促进下城市广场支持性营造的分析框架;最后,以唐闸古镇1895广场为例,对其进行实地调研分析和改造设计实践,以期为城市广场的改造设计提供新思路与新方法。

张家口市各区县用水结构时空演变及其驱动因素分析

以张家口市14个区县为研究区域,分析其用水量和用水结构时空演变特征并据此划分区县类型,运用偏最小二乘法(PLS)分析不同类型区县用水量和用水结构的驱动因素及其阈值。结果表明:2005—2025年间张家口各区县用水量和用水结构维持稳定,用水结构整体处于相对均衡状态;各区县间存在极显著差异,依据用水量和用水结构时空演变特征划分为用水状态最优组(用水量低、均衡度高)、良好组(用水量低、均衡度低)、中等组(用水量高、均衡度高)和及格组(用水量高、均衡度低);社会因素(总人口、城镇人口和农村人口数量)和经济因素(耕地面积)分别是所有类型区县用水量和用水结构的关键驱动因素,制定总体用水规划方案时通过政策引导用水量较高区县人口向较低区县流动,制定不同类型区县的用水定额,鼓励用水量较高区县种植低耗水的经济作物并推进节水技术的应用,可以优化人口数量和结构并调整耕地面积,实现用水量减少、均衡度提高的规划目标。