Evaluation and Influence Factor of Green Efficiency of China’s Agricultural Innovation from the Perspective of Technical Transformation

Agricultural innovation is important for the green transformation of agriculture.Based on the perspective of technology transformation,this paper builds a theoretical analysis framework and evaluation index system for green efficiency of agricultural innovation,and discusses the evolution laws and influencing factors of the green efficiency of China’s agricultural innovation from 2005 to 2017 utilizing the DEA model,Malmquist index,and Tobit regression analysis.The results show that:1)The overall green efficiency of China’s agricultural innovation is not high,the green efficiency of agricultural innovation in eastern China is mainly driven by pure technical efficiency,while that in central and western China is mainly driven by the scale efficiency.The green efficiency of agricultural innovation shows significant spatial differences,and the low efficiency and relatively low-efficiency regions moved to central and southeastern China.2)Technical progress is the main force affecting the change of green total factor productivity of China’s agricultural innovation,seeing a trend of decrease followed by an increase.Pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency exhibit an increasing-decreasing trend,and gradually transform into key factors that restrict the improvement of the green total factor productivity of agricultural innovation.3)Agricultural technologies’diffusion,absorption,and implementation are three influencing factors of the green efficiency of agricultural innovation.The local level of informatization,the number of agricultural technicians in enterprises and institutions,average education level of residents,and the level of agricultural mechanization have positive impacts on the promotion of the green efficiency of agricultural innovation,promoting the diffusion,absorption and implementation of agricultural innovation technology can significantly improve the green efficiency of agricultural innovation.

Effects of environmentally friendly agricultural land protection programs: Evidence from the Lake Seyfe area of Turkey

fully supported by the Turkish Scientific Research Council （TUBITAK in Turkish, 110O747）

A study on the allocation of productive factors of Chinese agriculture

Chinese agriculture is undergoing a transformation process from traditional agriculture into modern agricultrue.This article discusses how land. labor, fertilizer, machinery etc. are used in agricultural production of different regions. reveals the influence of natural conditions and economic level on the utilization of modern agricultural factors. It proposes a system of allocation hoes of regional agricultural productive factors and points out the development stage and tendency of allocation of agricultural productive factors in different regions.

THE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY BACKYARD AS A LOCAL LEVEL INNOVATION INTERMEDIARY IN RURAL CHINA

Agricultural innovation can be described as a coevolutionary process of technological innovation,symbolic change,and social or institutional innovation,which relies on the interactions and collaboration between multiple stakeholders.This view emphasizes the significance of innovation intermediaries in supporting the coevolution process of innovation.Many studies have provided evidence on how innovation intermediaries play roles in supporting the coevolution innovation process at a broader innovation system level.However,little emphasis has been given to the role of innovation intermediaries in supporting the coevolution process of innovation at the community level in rural China.To address this research gap,this paper offers a case study of a novel type of innovation support intervention designed to promote technical change at the community level,the Science and Technology Backyard(STB).The paper focuses on the efforts of a specific STB in Wangzhuang village to promote innovation in tillage methods in wheat production.The aims was to examine the role of this newly emerging innovation support intervention in supporting the coevolution process of innovation at the community level,and compare the outcome of the coevolution process in the village with an STB to that in villages without an STB.Innovation journey analysis is applied to understand the evolved intermediation roles in the innovation process,and multivariate regression analysis is employed to assess the outcome of the coevolution process in villages with and without an STB.The findings suggest that the roles of STBs have evolved from knowledge brokers to systemic innovation intermediaries that facilitate the coevolution process of innovation inside an STB village.It has led to a higher adoption rate of improved technology,a better enabling environment for learning,and more effective institutional support in STB villages than in non-STB villages.However,the effect of support provided by a single STB on the coevolution process outside the community was limited.This finding points to a need for collaboration mechanisms and for connecting single STBs to support the coevolution process of innovation at a larger scale.

Knowledge and learning in the horticultural innovation system: A case of Kashmir valley of India

The system of innovation(SI)in the agriculture sector,termed as Agricultural Innovation System(AIS),is one of the most recent trends in innovation research,especially in the developing economies.This approach considers several factors such as actors,complex networks and learning,socio-cultural and political factors that affect the innovation process within a dynamic system.Using the AIS approach,the present paper explores the knowledge and learning interactions in the horticultural sector of Kashmir Valley of India,which offers a mix of both formal and informal activities.The research methodology is qualitative in nature based on both primary and secondary data.For primary data collection,apple growers,private and government sector actors were interviewed and secondary data is based on various reports and published materials related to the apple production in Kashmir.The analysis explores the interactions of knowledge production by formal and informal means in the horticultural sector specifically focusing on the informal ways.In the study,taking the case of canker disease treatment in apple trees by informal ways depicts the productive use of informal knowledge in the horticultural system.It was observed that many factors(social networks,life-long experiences,learning,coordination and group interactions)affect the informal knowledge generation process and the connectivity between formal and informal actors is lagging in the horticulture sector.

Innovation Boosting Agriculture

Experts consider new approaches are fundamental to ensuring food security The Andes region of Latin America is characterized by widespread poverty and a dependence on agriculture.

Scientific development of smart farming technologies and their application in Brazil

Smart farming(SF)involves the incorporation of information and communication technologies into machinery,equipment,and sensors for use in agricultural production systems.New technologies such as the internet of things and cloud computing are expected to advance this development,introducing more robots and artificial intelligence into farming.Therefore,the aims of this paper are twofold:(i)to characterize the scientific knowledge about SF that is available in the worldwide scientific literature based on the main factors of development by country and over time and(ii)to describe current SF prospects in Brazil from the perspective of experts in this field.The research involved conducting semi-structured interviews with market and researcher experts in Brazil and using a bibliometric survey by means of data mining software.Integration between the different available systems on the market was identified as one of the main limiting factors to SF evolution.Another limiting factor is the education,ability,and skills of farmers to understand and handle SF tools.These limitations revealed a market opportunity for enterprises to explore and help solve these problems,and science can contribute to this process.China,the United States,South Korea,Germany,and Japan contribute the largest number of scientific studies to the field.Countries that invest more in R&D generate the most publications;this could indicate which countries will be leaders in smart farming.The use of both research methods in a complementary manner allowed to understand how science frame the SF and the mains barriers to adopt it in Brazil.