On Development of Agricultural Machinery Operating Service in Chongqing

Development of agricultural machinery operating service in Chongqing takes on rapid increase in number of service organizations,diversified service methods,improvement in service level,and constant service income. However,there are some problems,including unreasonable composition and small scale of service organization,imbalanced development of four service methods,low service level,and low operating income of agricultural machinery households. To accelerate development of agricultural machinery operating service in Chongqing,it is recommended to take following measures: adjusting subsidy for purchase and operation of agricultural machinery; improving fiscal and taxation and financial system; speeding up infrastructure construction,establishing agricultural machinery information network,and improving organizational form and methods of agricultural machinery operating service.

Contribution of Agricultural Machinery Automation to Sustainable Agricultural Development

With the rapid growth of the global population and the increasing challenges posed by climate change and labor shortages,traditional agricultural methods are becoming increasingly unsustainable.Agricultural machinery automation presents a promising solution by leveraging cutting-edge technologies such as artificial intelligence(AI),the Internet of Things(IoT),and robotics to enhance agricultural productivity,optimize resource utilization,and reduce environmental impacts.This study explores the evolution of agricultural machinery automation,the core technologies involved,and its applications in sustainable agriculture.Key benefits of automation include improved precision in farming practices,better resource efficiency,reduced environmental degradation,and enhanced economic sustainability.Despite its potential,several barriers hinder the widespread adoption of agricultural automation,including technological limitations,high initial costs,and regulatory challenges.This research also offers recommendations to accelerate the adoption of agricultural automation,including financial support,infrastructure development,and capacity building for farmers.As technological advancements continue,agricultural machinery automation is poised to play a critical role in shaping the future of sustainable agriculture.

Technological Progress and Application Prospects of Unmanned Agricultural Machinery

With the continuous growth of the global population and the acceleration of urbanization,traditional agriculture faces severe challenges,such as labor shortages,low efficiency in agricultural resource utilization,and uncertainties caused by climate change.Unmanned agricultural machinery,as an integral part of smart agriculture,utilizes automation and intelligent technologies to achieve precise control over the entire agricultural production process,improving production efficiency,reducing labor costs,minimizing environmental impacts,and enhancing sustainability.In recent years,with advancements in information technology,artificial intelligence,and the Internet of Things,unmanned agricultural machinery has made significant technological progress and has gradually entered the commercialization stage.This study aims to analyze the technological advancements and development trends of unmanned agricultural machinery and explore its application prospects in practical production.By investigating this emerging technology,the research not only provides a theoretical foundation for agricultural technological innovation but also offers practical references for policymakers,agricultural enterprises,and practitioners.Particularly in the critical period of global agricultural transformation,research on unmanned agricultural machinery holds significant economic,environmental,and social value.

Nonfarm employment, agricultural machinery service purchase and agricultural production efficiency:An empirical study based on China's major wheat-producing areas

Based on the cross-sectional data of the survey conducted in China's main wheat producing areas at the end of 2019,this paper uses the translog production function model to estimate agricultural technical efficiency,and studies the relationship between nonfarm employment,agricultural machinery service purchase and agricultural production efficiency.The results show that the household non-agricultural employment ratio and non-agricultural income have a significant positive impact on the purchase of agricultural machinery services.In addition to the effect of scale efficiency,non-agricultural employment does not have a significant impact on agricultural technical efficiency,and labor transfer does not have a significant negative impact on agricultural production.

Analysis on the Mode of Trans-Regional Allocation of Agricultural Machinery

With the continuous progress of agricultural technology, agricultural mechanization presents a good development trend after half a century development. But agricultural machinery equipment and the level of agricultural mechanization are imbalances in different regions; the structure of agricultural machinery equipment is unreasonable; there are great differences in agricultural mechanization level of different operations and different crops and the whole level of agricultural mechanization social service is not high. Through cross regional allocation of existing agricultural machinery to improve the working efficiency of agricultural machinery;we can extend the operation time of the agricultural machinery and improve the operation effect and income of agricultural machinery.

Application of reaction nitrogen arc cladding TiCN/Fe composite coating on cutter of agricultural machinery

In order to solve the high-price and short-lifetime problems of the cutter of agricultural machinery,and improve the wear resistance of the cutter, the TiCN/Fe metal ceramic composite coating was prepared on the substrate of Q235 steel by reaction nitrogen arc cladding technique. The mixture powder of titanium and graphite was preplaced on the Q235 steel surface after intensive mixing by planetary ball mill and gluing with starch binder. The microstructure and phase of the coatings, interface behavior between coatings and the substrate were investigated by scanning electronic microscope and X-ray diffractometer. The micro-hardness distribution of the coating section was tested by micro-hardness tester. Friction coefficient and wear weight loss were measured by abrasion machine. Wearing surface morphology was investigated by scanning electronic microscope. The results show that an excellent bonding between the coatings and the Q235 steel substrate is ensured by the strong metallurgical interface and phase of the coatings. The coatings are mainly composed of TiCN. The highest micro- hardness of the coatings reaches 1 089 HV0. 2, while the micro-hardness of Q235 steel substrate is only about 286 HV0. 2. The anti-abrasive test results show that the wear resistance of the cladding coating is better than that of quenched and tempered 65 Mn steel which is often used as cutter of agricultural machinery. The field test results show that the TiCN/ Fe metal ceramic composite coating prepared by reaction nitrogen arc cladding is feasible to the manufacture and remanufacture of the cutter of agricultural machinery.

Current Situations and Development Strategies for Integration of Peanut Agronomy and Agricultural Machinery in China

The mechanization level of peanut production is the bottleneck restricting the development of peanut production in China,while integration of agronomy and agricultural machinery is an essential approach for improving mechanization level of peanut production. This paper elaborated requirements of peanut agronomy for agricultural machinery from peanut planting modes,land cultivation,sowing,harvesting,picking,and shelling,etc. Besides,it discussed requirements of agricultural machinery for agronomy from peanut seed quality,variety characteristics,planting modes,and soil condition. In addition,it analyzed existing problems and restricting factors of integration of peanut agronomy and agricultural machinery. Finally,it came up with recommendations for development strategies including increasing government fund input,optimizing industrial distribution,and multidisciplinary joint research.

The Application of Combination Forecasting Model in Forecasting the Total Power of Agricultural Machinery in Heilongjiang Province

Agricultural machinery total power is an important index to reflect and evaluate the level of agricultural mechanization. Firstly,we respectively made use of exponential model,grey forecasting and BP neural network to construct models depending on historical data of agricultural machinery total power of Heilongjiang Province; secondly,we constructed the combined forecasting models that respectively based on divergence coefficient method,quadratic programming and weight distribution of Shapley value. Fitting results showed that the various combination forecasting model is superior to the single models. Finally,we applied the combination forecasting model which based on the weight distribution method of Shapley value to forecast Heilongjiang agricultural machinery total power,and it would provide some reference to the development and program for power of agriculture machinery.

The Impacts of Agricultural Machinery Purchase Subsidies on Mechanized Crop Residue Recycling

Crop residue recycling can improve the quality of the cropland,and it has multiple economic and ecological benefits.However,such practice is with low adoption due to different constraints.In this paper,we use the survey data from Baoding,Hebei province,and use the probit model to explore how the agricultural machinery purchase subsidies affect the mechanized crop residue recycling.The results showed that several factors that affect farmers in adopting the practice of mechanized crop residue crop recycling.Among these factors,the cost of adopting such practice is significant.The agricultural machinery purchase subsidies can effectively reduce the cost of such practice,as well as promote mechanized crop residue recycling.The paper also proposed several actions in the future.They include increasing the subsidies on agricultural machinery purchase and increasing farmers' awareness on crop residue recycling.

Purchase-oriented Classification Model of the Spare Parts of Agricultural Machinery

Based on the classification of spare parts and the research results of the demand of spare parts,a three-dimensional classification model of spare parts of agricultural machinery is established,which includes the application axis sorted by technical characteristics,the cost axis classified by ABC method,and the demand axis classified by the demand of the spare parts of agricultural machinery.These dimension axes represent different factors,and the application of factors in purchase is analyzed.Guiding value of each dimension axis is summarized in the field of the spare parts purchase;and corresponding strategy instruction is put forward.Integrated application of these strategies by model makes the purchase have more realistic operational meaning.Application field of the three-dimensional model of spare parts is discussed;and the direction for further research is pointed out.

Agricultural Machinery Input,Labor Resource Allocation,and Rural Household Land Transfers

This paper explores the impact of agricultural machinery input on rural households’land transfers,which is conducive to the acceleration of agricultural modernization,agricultural production at scale,and rural revitalization.By using the micro-data on rural households(2014–2018)from China Family Panel Studies(CFPS),we made an empirical analysis of the impact of agricultural machinery input on land transfers and drew three conclusions.First,agricultural machinery input has a positive impact on land transfers,which means the more rural households invest in agricultural machinery,the more willing they are to participate in land transfers.Second,the impact of agricultural machinery input on land transfers is mainly exerted by adjusting the allocation of labor resources for rural households,or rather by increasing the number of farmers engaged in agriculture and reducing the number of farmers-turned traders and workers to facilitate land transfers.Third,the impact of agricultural machinery input on land transfers concerns both the positive transfers-in and the negative transfers-out,and such an impact stays stable across income groups.Accordingly,we should further increase agricultural machinery-related subsidies,improve the agricultural machinery service outsourcing market,and help rural households to reasonably allocate their labor resource endowments and invest in agricultural machinery to increase land transfers.

Agricultural Machinery Industry in China

The agricultural machinery industry in China has obtained greatachievements and China has become a big country of agricultural machineryproduction along with the agricultural development.The development ofChinese agricultural machinery industry grew very fast in recent years.Since 2002,the annual growth rate of total output value of agriculturalmachinery and sales income exceeded 20 percent.Service object ofagricultural machinery covers the whole agricultural field.Integrate

Survey and Recommendations for Land Use of Agricultural Machinery Service Organization Facilities in Guizhou Province

With the advancement of agricultural modernization, agricultural machinery service organizations, as an important part of the rural operating entities, show an increasing trend year by year, and need new facilities land in the process of development and growth. Based on the written survey of 597 agricultural machinery service organizations in Guizhou Province, the demand and demand gap of various facilities land use in agricultural machinery service organizations were analyzed and compared. In addition, based on the field survey and policy background, the main practices and experiences of agricultural machinery service organizations in Guizhou Province in the approval and use of facility land were sorted out, and the problems and causes of large gap in facility agricultural land, lack of standards and difficulty in policy implementation were analyzed. Finally, it recommended that the site selection of agricultural machinery service organization facilities needs to be standardized, the land demand needs to be coordinated, the land scale needs to be scientifically demonstrated, and financial support should be sought to promote Guizhou agricultural machinery service organization to become bigger, better and stronger.

Multi-machine collaboration realization conditions and precise and efficient production mode of intelligent agricultural machinery

Multi-machine collaboration of agricultural machinery is one of the international frontier and hot research in the field of agricultural equipment.However,the current domestic multi-machine collaborative operation of agricultural machinery is limited to the research of task goal planning and collaborative path optimization in a single production link.In order to achieve the purpose of zero inventory of agricultural materials and precise and efficient production operations,a new technology of agricultural machinery multi-machine collaboration with multi-dimension and full chain was proposed,which takes into account the whole process of agricultural production,as well as agricultural machinery system and external supply chain,storage and transportation chain collaboration.The problems of data collaboration,process collaboration and organization collaboration were analyzed.And the realization conditions of new multi-machine cooperative technology were analyzed.Meanwhile,the zero inventory mode and precise operation mode of agricultural materials under the background of multi-machine cooperation of intelligent agricultural machinery were studied.Then,a precise and efficient agricultural production mode based on data-process-organization collaboration was constructed.The results showed that the multi-machine cooperative technology mode of multi-dimensional and full-chain agricultural machinery could greatly improve the efficiency of agricultural machinery,operation quality,land utilization rate and reduce production cost.

Feature deformation network with multi-range feature enhancement for agricultural machinery operation mode identification

Utilizing the spatiotemporal features contained in extensive trajectory data for identifying operation modes of agricultural machinery is an important basis task for subsequent agricultural machinery trajectory research.In the present study,to effectively identify agricultural machinery operation mode,a feature deformation network with multi-range feature enhancement was proposed.First,a multi-range feature enhancement module was developed to fully explore the feature distribution of agricultural machinery trajectory data.Second,to further enrich the representation of trajectories,a feature deformation module was proposed that can map trajectory points to high-dimensional space to form feature maps.Then,EfficientNet-B0 was used to extract features of different scales and depths from the feature map,select features highly relevant to the results,and finally accurately predict the mode of each trajectory point.To validate the effectiveness of the proposed method,experiments were conducted to compare the results with those of other methods on a dataset of real agricultural trajectories.On the corn and wheat harvester trajectory datasets,the model achieved accuracies of 96.88%and 96.68%,as well as F1 scores of 93.54%and 94.19%,exhibiting improvements of 8.35%and 9.08%in accuracy and 20.99%and 20.04%in F1 score compared with the current state-of-the-art method.

Summary and Improvement Measures for Soil Compaction Caused by Machinery

As agricultural mechanization is becoming more and more popular, soil compaction, on basis of agricultural machinery, has become a serious problem that can not be ignored. Soil compaction, which is caused by frequent til age and large load in the field, may have different effects on various properties of soil. Soil com-paction may result in different conditions, such as increased soil density and the mechanical resistance, and decreased soil ventilation and the capacity of water holding and storage, but uptaking capacity of chemical elements is restricted. There-fore, soil compaction has some negative impacts on soil properties, physical y, chemical y, or biological y, as wel as plant growth. This research analyzed the cause and the harm of soil compaction in recent years, and some effective mea-sures were proposed to improve soil compaction, in order to reduce the extent of soil compaction caused by agricultural machinery.

Technical Regulation of Foxtail Millet Production by Combining Machinery and Agronomy

In order to solve the problems of low production efficiency,great loss and low yield,Millet Research Institute of Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences integrated the plastic film mulching technique and mechanized production technique,forming a foxtail millet production technique combining machinery and agronomy.The foxtail millet production technique combining machinery and agronomy regulates millet production from the links of soil preparation,fertilization,variety selection,seeding,intertillage and fertilization and harvest,so as to achieve the effects of promoting the matching between agro-machinery and agronomy,improving the level of millet production mechanization,realizing light simplified production and saving labor cost.This technical regulation has a broad application prospect.

基于Web Services的分布式农业机械信息共享系统

农机信息体系在加强农机管理、科研、生产和用户之间的信息交流,农机新技术、新机具推广应用,农机销售和作业服务市场中发挥着重要的作用。采用Web Services技术为基础,进行分布式的农机数据共享信息管理系统,节约了系统的建设成本,并提高了系统的可用性和实时性。

Method for measuring the steering wheel angle of paddy field agricultural machinery by integrating RTK-GNSS and dual-MEMS gyroscope

Aiming at the application environment of paddy agricultural machinery with bumpy and undulating changes,the problems affecting the method for steering wheel angle measurement by MEMS gyroscope were analyzed,and a wheel angle measurement method combining Dual-MEMS gyroscope(dual MEMS gyroscope)and RTK-GNSS was designed.The adaptive weighting method was used to fuse the heading angle differentiation of RTK-GNSS,the MEMS gyroscope angle rate,and velocity data,and the rod-arm compensation was performed to accurately obtain the angle rates of the body and steering wheels of agricultural machinery;the difference between the combined angular rate of the steering wheel of the agricultural machinery and the angular rate of the agricultural machinery body was obtained,and the integrator is used to integrate the difference to get the wheel steering angle value,and the Kalman filter was designed to make feedback correction for the integration process of angle calculation to eliminate the errors caused by the gyroscope zero bias,random drift,and gyroscope rod arm effect,and to obtain the accurate value of wheel steering angle.A comparative test with the connecting rod wheel angle sensor was designed,and the results show that the maximum deviation is 4.99°,the average absolute average value is 1.61°,and the average standard deviation is 0.98°.The method in this study and the connecting rod wheel angle sensor were used on paddy farm machinery.The wheel angle measurement deviation of the proposed method and the connecting rod wheel angle sensor was not more than 1°,which is relatively small.It has good stability,speed adaptability,and dynamic responsiveness that meets the accuracy requirements of steering wheel angle measurement for paddy field agricultural machinery unmanned driving and can be used instead of connecting rod angle sensors for unmanned agricultural machinery.

Convolutional neural network-based automatic image recognition for agricultural machinery

An internet of things-based subsoiling operation monitoring system for agricultural machinery is able to identify the type and operating state of a certain machinery by collecting and recognizing its images;however,it does not meet regulatory requirements due to a large image data volume,heavy workload by artificial selective examination,and low efficiency.In this study,a dataset containing machinery images of over 100 machines was established,which including subsoilers,rotary cultivators,reversible plows,subsoiling and soil-preparation machines,seeders,and non-machinery images.The images were annotated in tensorflow,a deep learning platform from Google.Then,a convolutional neural network(CNN)was designed for targeting actual regulatory demands and image characteristics,which was optimized by reducing overfitting and improving training efficiency.Model training results showed that the recognition rate of this machinery recognition network to the demonstration dataset reached 98.5%.In comparison,the recognition rates of LeNet and AlexNet under the same conditions were 81%and 98.8%,respectively.In terms of model recognition efficiency,it took AlexNet 60 h to complete training and 0.3 s to recognize 1 image,whereas the proposed machinery recognition network took only half that time to complete training and 0.1 s to recognize 1 image.To further verify the practicability of this model,6 types of images,with 200 images in each type,were randomly selected and used for testing;results indicated that the average recognition recall rate of various types of machinery images was 98.8%.In addition,the model was robust to illumination,environmental changes,and small-area occlusion,and thus was competent for intelligent image recognition of subsoiling operation monitoring systems.