Analysis of Textbook "Garden Plant Protection" Construction in Agricultural and Forestry Universities or Higher Vocational Colleges

The survey of textbook 'Garden Plant Protection' was introduced in this study,and the necessity of textbook 'Garden Plant Protection' construction in agricultural and forestry universities or higher vocational colleges was also analyzed.Aimed at the status of textbook 'Garden Plant Protection' construction in agricultural and forestry universities or higher vocational colleges,the corresponding ideas for its construction were put forward.

Thoughts on Science and Technology Service in Agricultural Research Institutes:Taking Institute of Plant Protection of Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences as an Example

Scientific and technological services are necessary for strengthening agriculture.Under the new situation,agricultural research institutes should give full play to their advantages,strive to innovate scientific and technological services methods,and improve scientific and technological service levels.Combined with the practice of science and technology work of Institute of Plant Protection of Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,this paper made an in-depth analysis on the present situations and existing problems in the scientific and technological services of agricultural research institutes.Based on the analysis,it came up with recommendations including change ideological concepts,strengthening service awareness,adhering to people-oriented principle,enhancing the team building,improving mechanism construction,stimulating innovative vitality,exploring service methods,and enriching service connotation,so as to improve scientific and technological service works.

Research on Intellectual Property Rights Protection of Agricultural Plant Genetic Resources in China

On the basis of definition of agricultural plant genetic resources,this paper takes the two most important forms of intellectual property protection regarding agricultural plant genetic resources-patent rights and new plant variety rights as an example,to expound the current situation of intellectual property protection of agricultural plant genetic resources in China.It reveals the problems of intellectual property protection as follows:the awareness of intellectual property protection of agricultural plant genetic resources is weak;the system of laws and regulations is not sound;the protection system is not perfect;the management system lacks standardization.It further puts forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions as follows:promote the protection awareness of agricultural plant genetic resources in whole society;enact special law system to protect agricultural plant genetic resources;improve the management system of agricultural plant genetic resources;strengthen the international protection of agricultural plant genetic resources in China.

Application of MR Technology in Teaching:A Case Study of UAV Agriculture&Forestry Plant Protection Curriculum

In order to solve the problems of insufficient training equipment,relatively lack of curriculum resources and single teaching means in the teaching of UAV(unmanned aerial vehicle)applied technology major,this paper studies the application of MR(Mixed Reality)in UAV applied technology major teaching,with the teaching of UAV agriculture&forestry plant protection curriculum as the carrier.The study will solve the pain points in teaching,improve the teaching ability and teaching information level,and increase the talent training quality of UAV,agriculture&forestry plant protection and related majors.Furthermore,it will create a protective,interactive,remote and scalable teaching experience for stu-dents,which can improve the teaching effect and reduce the teaching cost.

Plant protection: Current status, progress and challenges in China

China is one of the countries in the world that is severely damaged by crop diseases,pests,and weeds.There are more than 1 700 species of agricultural pests occurring annually,53 of which are on the list of the 100 worst pests in the world(Chen and Wang 2014;Wu 2018).Currently,China is still greatly challenged by a growing problem of agricultural pests that th reate n the economy and health and pose ecological risks underthe conditions of global climate change,economic integration,crop structure adjustment and so on.Plant protect!on agai nst crop diseases,in sect pests and noxious weeds is necessary to ensure high-quality crop production and food safety.However,traditional strategies of plant protect!on have mainly involved chemical pesticides.

Risk Communication： Survey on Quality of Safety Data Sheets of Agricultural Substances

Manufacturers of chemicals are responsible for setting up a list of tools, including labels and safety data sheets, in order to provide adequate information about dangerous properties being labels and safety data sheets the main instruments for the immediate advice about dangerous substances and preparations for general public and workers. While correct labelling gives the possibility to general public to recognise the risks arising from handling and use of dangerous chemicals, safety data sheets are provided for professionals in order to allow safe handling and storage of dangerous chemicals in work places. Information contained in safety data sheets are also designed to suggest safety measures to be taken for the protection of workers as well as precaution measures and adequate actions to be taken in the case of accident. This project has critically revised the information contained in a list of safety data sheets of active ingredients provided for plant protection products, in order to assess the quality and the consistency of the data contained. Reported data have been then compared to published data. Considerable deficiencies/mistakes/inconsistencies have been found in the data reported along the safety data sheets of the examined substances, showing an urgent need of improving the enforcement related to a systematic recognition in this field as well as training of people involved in compilation of safety data sheets by producer side.

元启发式算法在植保无人机路径规划中的研究进展

随着无人机系统技术、传感器技术和人工智能算法等相关技术的不断发展,植保无人机路径规划技术在农业生产中备受重视,并被广泛应用。作为航空植保的关键技术之一,植保无人机路径规划面临的是一个复杂且多约束的组合优化问题。传统算法往往难以得到理想的结果,而元启发式算法则因其高效率成为解决该类优化问题的有效手段。为此,首先介绍了农业航空中的路径规划,随后总结出了植保无人机路径规划的关键要素,并使用更为合理的分类方式进行归纳;其次,从算法层面对相关研究所采用的元启发式算法进行分类和梳理,并阐述了其在实际应用中的现状,且根据提出的分类方法和研究特点,全面地归纳了当前的研究成果;最后,针对目前植保无人机路径规划研究存在的问题提出了几条可行的发展思路。

Botanicals and plant strengtheners for potato and tomato cultivation in Africa

This review provides a summary of botanicals and plant strengtheners that have potential uses for disease and pest management in potato and tomato cultivation in African.We discuss their possible use to prevent major diseases and pests which infest potato and tomato,such as early and late blight,bacterial wilt,potato tuber moth,and tomato leafminer.There are several examples of the successful uses of botanicals for pathogen and pest control relevant for different African climatic conditions;however,most of these studies have been conducted in vitro and often lack field verification.Plant strengtheners(substances that induce and improve crop resistance,yield,and quality)are little studied and used in Africa in comparison to North America and Europe.The possible benefits of using botanicals and plant strengtheners instead of conventional pesticides are discussed here in relation to human health and the environment as well as their modes of action and accessibility to farmers.Lack of knowledge of the composition and active ingredients of extracts,environmental concerns,uncertainties regarding stability and formulation,lack of legislation and limited support from governments,hamper the development of botanicals and plant strengtheners for use in sustainable African agriculture.

燃烧热测定实验的课程思政设计——农林废弃物的热值测定

燃烧热测定是一个经典的物理化学实验。本案例将燃烧热测定与农林废弃物燃烧发电对接,对实验内容进行了适当调整,让学生了解燃烧热测定对保障发电厂安全运行的重要意义,以及农林废弃物燃烧发电对服务“三农”、乡村振兴和“双碳”战略的重要意义,提高了学生学以致用的能力,激发了学生的学习兴趣,引导学生关心国家能源安全、环境保护、可持续发展和人民的生命健康,对提升学生的能力和素质发挥了良好作用。

华池县农业植保社会化服务的探索与实践

农业植保社会化服务,是增强农业防灾减灾能力,适应农业绿色发展和提高农作物病虫害绿色防控覆盖率的需要。为了提升农业植保社会化服务能力,规范农作物病虫害防治,基于多年实践和相关文献,在阐述农业植保社会化服务及其现实意义的基础上,分析了华池县农业植保社会化服务现状,总结出了农业植保社会化服务的发展经验:培育服务主体,提升服务水平;健全管理机制,增强服务能力;扩大宣传,提高农户认识;强化培训,提高服务质量;加大政策扶持,提升防控力度等,以上经验有利于拓展农业植保服务的范围和深度,促进县域农业植保社会化服务快速发展。

新农科背景下植物医生特长班建设模式探索

新农科建设适应了农业现代化发展的需要,适应了高等农林教育发展改革的需要。在新农科建设背景下,植物保护专业的人才培养面临新的机遇和挑战。本文对植物保护与植物医学的发展现状进行分析,以植物医生特长班为平台,对其建设思路进行分析,并探讨植物医生特长班建设模式,具体包括植物医生特长班总体设计、培养方案制定、教学团队建设、一流课程资源建设和虚拟仿真实验教学基地建设等方面,为新农科建设人才培养提供参考。

农业无人机植保服务体系产业价值评估

农业无人机植保服务是指利用无人机技术对农作物进行保护和管理的一种现代化农业服务方式,具有高效、精准、灵活的特点,能够大幅提升农作物管理的效率和效果。该文评估农业无人机植保体系在农作物保护、病虫害防治、精准农业等方面的应用和优势,通过分析无人机植保服务在提高作业效率、降低农药使用量、节约成本等方面的贡献,揭示其在提升农业生产力和可持续发展中的重要作用,讨论当前无人机植保服务体系面临的挑战和发展前景,为推动农业无人机技术的广泛应用提供参考和建议。

农业植保精准喷雾装备研究与应用特征

随着科技的不断进步和农业现代化的持续推进,农业植保技术实现了快速发展,尤其在精准农业理念影响下,精准喷雾装备的研究与应用逐渐增多。该文以精准农业理念为基础,介绍了精准喷雾技术的定义和内涵,从关键技术研究角度介绍了装备研究情况,说明了典型精准喷雾技术和装备的应用情况、技术特征,总结了农业植保精准喷雾装备发展趋势和精准化、环保化要求,为农业生产更加高效、科学发展提供解决思路。

新农科背景下植物化学保护课程“一优二转三创”改革研究与实践

对新农科背景下植物保护专业核心课程——植物化学保护开展“一优二转三创”教学改革的实例和成果进行了总结。通过优化课程内容、转变考核体系和评价机制、创新教学模式与手段,补齐了传统植物化学保护课程的授课短板。通过以上措施提高了学生的学习能力和实践能力,培养了学生“尚德崇学、稼穑厚生”的情怀,实现了价值引领、知识传授、能力培养的有机统一,为新农科背景下农科高等院校课程改革提供了借鉴。

乡村振兴背景下绿色植保技术的推广

乡村振兴战略的实施对农业高质量发展提出了更高的要求,在农业绿色发展背景下,必须持续做好绿色植保工作。文章分析了当前我国绿色植保技术在推广中存在的问题,并提出了加大对绿色植保技术的宣传和推广力度、建设绿色农业生产示范基地、加强绿色植保人才队伍建设和管理工作等加强绿色植保技术推广的对策,以助力农业实现可持续发展。

我国葡萄植保机械化技术发展现状与对策

目前中国葡萄总产量位居世界第一,种植面积仅次于西班牙。植保作业作为葡萄种植过程中的重要环节,其工作量约占葡萄管理总工作量的30%。我国的葡萄植保作业已基本实现机械化,但主要应用的植保机械还普遍存在农机农艺融合困难、先进施药技术集成度低、智能化机具实用性不足和防治效率低等问题。首先,系统地阐述我国现阶段葡萄的主要种植模式、葡萄植保机械的应用现状和存在问题;然后,从“葡萄专用植保机具的创新与研制”“气雾场的仿真与优化”和“先进植保技术的探索与试验”3个方面出发,对近年来我国葡萄植保机械化技术的研究进展进行综述和分析;最后,根据当前我国葡萄植保机械的发展现状和实际国情,提出未来一段时间内的发展对策与具体措施,以期为提升我国葡萄植保机械化水平提供参考。

设施农业履带电动作业平台设计与试验

针对设施多元生态立体种植模式对机械化的作业需求,结合该新型种植模式的农艺参数,研制履带式电动作业平台。阐述整机结构与工作原理,对履带动力底盘、液压升降平台等关键部件进行结构设计与动力参数计算,并开发驱动控制系统。对电动作业平台进行行驶速度、续航能力和最小通过圆试验。试验结果表明:电动作业平台达到额定载重200 kg的设计要求;慢速挡平均行驶速度为0.40 m/s,快速挡平均行驶速度为0.98 m/s;100 kg负载下作业续航时间可达4.69 h,锂电池供电稳定;最小通过圆直径为1.54 m,可实现设施多元生态立体种植机械化物资搬运和辅助登高作业。

基于3C认证的自走式喷杆喷雾机产品现状与展望

随着植保机械研发水平的提高,自走式喷杆喷雾机成为重要的植保机械之一,其认证产品不断变化和改进。对3C认证的自走式喷杆喷雾机发展现状进行研究总结,近三年植保机械强制性认证新增初审或扩项产品共1366个,其中自走式喷杆喷雾机占比最高约70%;农机3C认证采信补贴政策等推动我国自走式喷杆喷雾机的认证新产品和新技术发展,促进多系统分控、药液防干涉、喷雾防飘移、喷幅匹配和变量控制等技术实际应用。分析自走式喷杆喷雾机认证产品的发展趋势,未来将向高效化、智能化、绿色环保、安全防护、多功能化和高适应性等方面发展。为推动自走式喷杆喷雾机行业的健康发展,提出加大政策支持、加强认证制度研究、强化政府监督力度、提高产品作业质量、积极参与国际合作等建议。为植保机械的研究发展和实际应用提供参考。

综合院校农学类本科实验室建设现状与对策分析

为促进综合院校农学类专业学科发展与人才培养质量提升,建设条件完备、资源高效利用和信息化程度高的农工融合创新型实验室。本文剖析该实验室的建设现状,包括高端仪器设备、专任实验教师、信息化管理实验平台和实验场地4个方面。提出做好实验室建设前期准备工作,丰富农学类本科实验课程及仪器设备,组建专业型实验教师团队,建立与完善信息化管理实验平台,以及拓展校内外科研与实践基地5个方面的建议。目的在于为创新型农业人才培养提供支持,为综合院校农学类本科实验室建设提供参考。

新农科背景下植物保护专业选修课程教学模式改革

为满足新农科建设背景下对农林人才培养提出的新要求,以植物保护专业选修课植物病毒学课程为研究对象,针对该专业选修课程教学中存在的部分学生学习动力有待进一步增强、教学方式有待进一步优化、教学内容系统性和高阶性有待进一步完善,以及实验操作项目有待进一步更新等现状,提出相应的对策与建议。具体包括强化课程思政,激发内生动力;挖掘优质资源,拓宽学习渠道;重构知识框架,突出高阶性和挑战性;拓展实验项目,增强教学实践性。实践表明,该课程深入贯彻以学生为中心的教学理念,在思政引领、数字信息赋能、知识重构和实验项目拓展等方面均取得良好成效,教学质量得到有效提升。为进一步夯实专业选修课程在新农科人才培养过程中发挥重要作用提供参考。