SWOT Analysis of Agricultural Producers in the Supply Chain of Chinese Agro-products

On the basis of defining the producers in the supply chain of agricultural products,the SWOT analysis is adopted to analyze the advantages,disadvantages,opportunities and threats of producers in the supply chain of Chinese agricultural products.The paper analyzes the advantages of producers in the supply chain of agricultural products from three aspects including land resources,technology level of producers and input costs.The disadvantages of producers in the supply chain of agricultural products are analyzed from three aspects including scale level,mechanization and technology level and profit level.The opportunities of producers in the supply chain of agricultural products are analyzed from the aspects of laws,policies,capitals and technologies.The threats confronted by the producers in the supply chain of agricultural products are analyzed from foreign producers,negotiation control of supply chain of agricultural chain,environment protection and quality safety standard.On the basis of the analysis,the relevant suggestions on facilitating the interests of producers in the supply chain of Chinese agricultural products are put forward,including fully displaying the advantages of land resources;improving the knowledge and technology level of supply chain of agricultural production;establishing the alliances of producers of agricultural products to expand production scale;improving the quality of agricultural products to satisfy the relevant safety quality standard and environmental protection standard.

Agricultural Production Structure Optimization: A Case Study of Major Grain Producing Areas, China

A large number of mathematical models were developed for supporting agricultural production structure optimization decisions; however, few of them can address various uncertainties existing in many factors （e.g., eco-social benefit maximization, food security, employment stability and ecosystem balance）. In this study, an interval-probabilistic agricultural production structure optimization model （IPAPSOM） is formulated for tackling uncertainty presented as discrete intervals and/or probability distribution. The developed model improves upon the existing probabilistic programming and inexact optimization approaches. The IPAPSOM considers not only food security policy constraints, but also involves rural households’income increase and eco-environmental conversation, which can effectively reflect various interrelations among different aspects in an agricultural production structure optimization system. Moreover, it can also help examine the reliability of satisfying （or risk of violating） system constraints under uncertainty. The model is applied to a real case of long-term agricultural production structure optimization in Dancheng County, which is located in Henan Province of Central China as one of the major grain producing areas. Interval solutions associated with different risk levels of constraint violation are obtained. The results are useful for generating a range of decision alternatives under various system benefit conditions, and thus helping decision makers to identify the desired agricultural production structure optimization strategy under uncertainty.

Performance Appraisal Method of Logistic Distribution for Fresh Agricultural Products

Through the initial selection,screening and simplification,a set of performance appraisal system of logistic distribution suited to fresh agricultural products is established.In the process of establishing the appraisal indicator,the representative appraisal indicator of logistic distribution of fresh agricultural products is further obtained by delivering experts' survey and applying the ABC screening system.The distribution costs,transportation and service level belong to the first level indicator;packing fees,distribution processing fees,full-load ratio,haulage capacity,customer satisfaction and the strain capability of delivery personnel belong to second level indicator.At the same time,the weighing of each indicator is determined.The quantification is conducted on indicators.The qualitative indicators applies ten-point system and then coverts these indicators into percentage,that is the number between [0,1];as for the quantitative indicators,they are concluded to the interval [0,1] according to the actual value range of the indicators and by applying the grade of membership in the vague mathematics.Through the analyses of the advantages and disadvantages of the frequently used performance evaluation method and its applicable conditions,the comprehensive evaluation of logistic distribution of agricultural products obtained by using the method of fuzzy comprehensive appraisal.The results show that,in terms of reducing distribution costs,the packaging and distribution processing technology of fresh agricultural products should be improved,so as to reduce distribution costs.In the process of introducing the application of advanced technology,the high automatic logistic equipments should be introduced.

The Growth Path of Agricultural Labor Productivity in Major Grain Producing Areas

The growth of agricultural labor productivity in major grain producing areas arises from the increase in production factors or improvement of efficiency,and is related to the sustainability of agricultural economic growth and national food security. We study the growth path of agricultural labor productivity in 13 major grain producing areas of China,and the analysis results show that from the relative endowments of land and labor in major grain producing areas,the growth rate of the output value per unit of labor is higher than that of the productivity per unit of land; in essence,this growth path of increasing the output value relying on increasing the production factor inputs is the reduction of labor,and the reduction of agricultural labor has a great elasticity of impact on the total value of agricultural production. In the case of stable future number of agricultural labor in China,the growth of agricultural labor productivity will be impossible to rely more on the increase in agricultural production factor inputs,and the growth path of agricultural economy still has to rely on the improvement of land productivity and take the efficiency-based path.

Conditions and Paths of Transformation of Agricultural Producing Methods in China

This paper analyzes the origin of the traditional small-scale peasant economy in China,introduces the development basis of traditional agriculture and the constraints of traditional agricultural development. Then it analyzes the possibility of transformation caused by the change of constraints according to the possibility of resource endowment changes and the possibility of changes in economic foundations and political cultural foundations. And finally based on the analysis of constraints,it is concluded that the development of China's future needs to focus on small-scale farmers,large-scale planting households,cooperatives and a small number of enterprises,and put forward three paths to developing modern agriculture which are large scale land operation,the professional cooperation of farmers,and the large scale production processes.

Industrial Policy Analysis of Restricted Development Zones in Western China——A Study of State-level Main Producing Areas of Agricultural Products and Key Ecological Functional Areas

As one of the important policies of promoting the formation of main functional areas, the industrial policy directly determines the sustainable growth of space control ability of main functional areas. A restricted development zone is a type of main functional area which provides agricultural products and ecological products, assures the supply of national agricultural products and the stability of ecosystems, as well as safeguards the ecological functions and agricultural functions of wider regions by restricting its own development. Therefore scientific, complete and operable industrial policy support is needed. Restricted development zones are distributed widely in western China. With the restriction of their main functions, differential industrial policies should be implemented in the development of the restricted development zones: Dealing well with the relationship between industrial development and ecological protection, developing special industries which are friendly to resources and environment and appropriate for local conditions, guiding and encouraging industries to learn from regions with favorable development conditions, orderly withdrawing industries and enterprises adverse to main functions, facilitating industrial structure upgrading, optimizing industrial organization, improving industrial technological level and rationalizing industrial layout.

The Impacts of the Green Barrier against China＇s Agricultural Products Exports

Green Barrier is one of the non-tariffbarriers, which has its special characteristics. More and more countries have imposed green barriers on China＇s agricultural products exports in a bid to protect their domestic agriculture. When studying the green barriers oriented market access system, we should handle well the following works： popularizing agricultural standardization, improving quality standard systems of agricultural products, propelling the technological innovations of green production, establishing an emergency system for the foreign trade of agricultural products by which the green production and operation can be supported from funds and policies, etc.

Agricultural Ecological Zoning Plan of Old Industrial Bases in Liaoning Province, China

On the basis of brief description of current situation of old industrial bases and primary industry of Liaoning Province, the paper introduces the general situation of agriculture-ecological zoning plan in Liaoning Province. First, the ecological bases of agricultural zoning plan are introduced through various topographic and geomorphic types, regional climate differences and imbalanced distribution of natural resources; Second, in accordance with the theory of comparative advantage, distribution of production and resource economics, on the basis of comprehensive evaluation of agricultural natural resources, with the principle of fully excavating economic function of different natural resources, and in order to improve allocation efficiency of the two resources of market and government, the formation of ecological zoning plan of agriculture in Liaoning Province is analyzed; Third, according to Regional Layout Planning of Characteristic Agricultural Products of Liaoning Province (2006-2010), the paper describes basic layout of agriculture-ecological zoning plan in Liaoning Province. The policy support of agriculture-ecological zoning plan in Liaoning Province is analyzed from three aspects-support policy of functional zone major in producing grain, support policy of other characteristic agriculture-ecological zone and support measures of development of agriculture-ecological zone. The paper also analyzes experiences of agricultural development of old industrial bases in ecological zoning plan: First, agriculture-ecological zoning plan is a effective way of the revitalization of old industrial bases; Second, scientificity of plan is the basis of improving competitiveness of regional agriculture; Third, multi-input mechanism guiding by government is the key of agricultural packing effect; Fourth, integrated agricultural industrial chain is guarantee of realizing industrialization in ecological zone.

农业社会化服务与小农户的组织化:不同服务模式的比较

本研究通过对比政府主导型、市场主导型和村集体经济组织主导型社会化服务模式,讨论了小农户如何被组织起来以及组织成本由谁承担的问题。在由政府主导的社会化服务模式中,小农户因受到政府补贴的吸引而达成了临时的合作,但这种组织化具有暂时性。在市场主导型社会化服务模式中,小农户或被整合到规模经营主体的种植模式中,或被服务组织重塑。在这两种服务模式中,小农户都是被动的参与者,其组织化程度并未提高。村集体经济组织可能通过重建与小农户的双向权责均衡关系,通过收取服务费用的方式来解决组织成本问题。这种双向的权责均衡关系使村集体经济组织与小农户之间建立起有机的利益联结,从而使该组织对小农户的组织和动员成为可能。

消费者信息素养对社区支持农业(CSA)可持续发展的影响--基于绿色信任的中介效应

信息和生态已经成为推进绿色农业发展的主导要素,提升消费者信息素养和绿色信任则是保障绿色农业发展模式可持续的关键.信息素养分为信息意识、信息知识和信息能力,绿色信任分为能力信任和善意信任.以新型绿色农业发展模式的代表社区支持农业(CSA)为例,基于820份CSA消费者调查问卷研究发现:消费者信息素养,以及消费者信息素养的3个维度对CSA可持续发展均具有正向显著影响;绿色信任在消费者信息素养和CSA可持续发展之间起中介作用;能力信任在消费者信息意识、信息知识和CSA可持续发展之间起中介作用;善意信任在消费者信息能力和CSA可持续发展之间起遮掩作用.因此,推进CSA可持续发展,不仅要提升消费者信息素养,加强生产者对网络、电商、物流等信息技术的应用,而且还要充分发挥社会力量在产销双方之间的桥梁作用,加强政府部门对CSA的制度和经济支持,为提升消费者绿色信任服务.

生产性服务对农业全球价值链分工地位的影响

生产性服务是增加值创造过程中重要的中间品投入,对农业嵌入全球价值链有重要影响。本文基于OECD AMNE投入产出数据,运用系统GMM模型考察生产性服务对农业全球价值链分工地位的影响。机制检验表明,生产性服务通过资源配置效应和规模经济效应来提高生产效率、降低贸易成本进而促进农业全球价值链分工地位的提升。从细分生产性服务来看,专业与科学技术服务、金融与保险服务投入均能显著提高农业全球价值链分工地位,运输和储存服务对农业全球价值链分工地位有一定正向影响,而信息和通信服务对农业全球价值链前向参与度有负向影响,对后向参与度则有正向影响,因此需要加强农业产业链上游对农业信息技术的利用。本文研究结论为推动包括中国在内的发展中经济体的农业竞争力提升提供了值得借鉴的政策启示。

数字乡村、技术创新与农业高质量发展

构建数字乡村、技术创新与农业高质量发展三位一体分析框架,揭示数字乡村对农业高质量发展影响的内在逻辑,对于促进数字乡村赋能农业高质量发展、助力中国式农业现代化建设具有重要意义。在理论分析的基础上,基于2011—2021年省级面板数据及固定效应模型、中介效应模型、门槛效应模型,实证检验了数字乡村建设对农业高质量发展的影响以及农业技术创新的中介作用。主要结论:(1)理论机理分析及基准回归结果显示,数字乡村建设对中国农业高质量发展具有显著的正向影响,经过一系列稳健性检验并消除内生性问题后,该结论依然成立。(2)异质性检验结果显示,数字乡村建设可以显著促进粮食主产区农业高质量发展,但对粮食主销区和产销平衡区农业高质量发展的影响不显著。(3)中介模型检验结果显示,农业技术创新在数字乡村对农业高质量发展的正向影响中发挥了中介效应。(4)门槛效应检验结果显示,数字乡村建设对农业高质量发展的影响具有边际效应递增的非线性特征。据此,未来应加快完善数字化基础设施和数字化发展环境,挖掘数字乡村赋能农业高质量发展的潜力;基于区域异质性特点,因地制宜推进数字乡村建设;激发农业技术创新的中介作用,尽早跨越数字乡村建设的门槛阈值。

中国农业产业韧性水平的区域差异与时空演变

文章基于2011—2022年中国31个省份的面板数据,采用熵值法、Dagum基尼系数分解法、Kernel密度估计、莫兰指数分析了中国农业产业韧性水平的区域差异及时空演变规律。结果表明:研究期内中国农业产业韧性水平逐渐提高,但不均衡现象显著,且总体差异具有扩大趋势。粮食主产区韧性水平最高,产销平衡区韧性水平最低;粮食主销区韧性水平非均衡性最显著;区域间差异是构成总体差异的主要来源。粮食主销区、产销平衡区内极化现象逐渐增强,粮食主产区极化现象逐渐减弱。中国农业产业韧性水平存在正向空间相关性,区域之间的联系强度逐渐减弱。

数字经济如何影响农业发展韧性——基于异质性与非线性的考量

数字经济作为技术变革与经济发展的动力源泉,借助数字技术推动生产率提升及经济结构优化,有效赋能农业发展韧性提升。基于2010—2020年中国13个粮食主产区省级面板数据,实证研究了数字经济与农业发展韧性之间的内在影响。研究发现:数字经济对农业发展韧性具有显著正向促进作用,即粮食主产区数字经济发展水平每提升1%,农业发展韧性提升0.231%;数字经济对农业发展韧性的影响存在区域异质性,东部地区农业发展韧性在数字经济发展中的获益能力强于中部和北部;数字经济对粮食主产区农业发展韧性存在“边际效应”递增的非线性影响,当数字经济水平高于门槛值0.540时,其对农业发展韧性的作用得到显著提升。对此,需加大数字基础设施和数字平台建设投资力度,推动数字经济与农业系统深度融合;提升农户数字技能与文化素养,加强“数字+农业”人才队伍建设;各主产区应结合自身资源禀赋,因地制宜发展数字经济。

农业强国视域下粮食产区粮食产业与特色农业协同发展研究

为更好地实现“加快建设农业强国”目标,对于粮食产区而言,保证粮食安全、促进农民增收、发展现代农业、增加地方收入等是必须完成的发展任务。需要分析如何在保证粮食产业健康发展的同时,通过发展具有区位比较优势的高附加值特色农业,实现农民增收和地方财力增长,进而实现乡村振兴和农民农村共同富裕这一重点问题。结果表明,粮食产业与特色农业之间存在着诸多差异,这些差异会导致二者在发展中产生问题和矛盾。为促进粮食产业与特色农业的协同发展,应以组织方式集体化,实现粮食产业与特色农业的利益协同;以技术研发基地化,实现粮食产业与特色农业的科技协同;以生产方式工业化,实现粮食产业与特色农业的生产协同;以销售推广网络化,实现粮食产业与特色农业的渠道协同。说明粮食产业与特色农业协同发展,是农业强国视域下实现粮食产区乡村振兴和农民农村共同富裕目标的有效路径。

双碳目标下粮食主产区农业绿色生产效率测度及空间分布

论文根据2003~2022年我国粮食主产区农业投入产出的面板数据,运用面板三阶段DEA模型测度粮食主产区的农业绿色生产效率,并对该区域农业绿色生产效率的空间分布作分级分析。研究发现:在去除环境因素和随机误差等因素对效率值的干扰后,人均GDP和人均可支配收入的增加均有利于提高农业绿色生产效率,自然灾害受灾面积的增加会阻碍农业绿色生产效率的提升。进一步分析发现,粮食主产区的农业绿色生产综合技术效率和规模效率均呈现出南北低、中间高的空间分布趋势,农业绿色生产纯技术效率值都比较高,空间分布上比较集中。为进一步提升粮食主产区的农业绿色生产效率及优化其空间分布格局,应优化财政支农资金投向,鼓励新型农业经营主体适度规模经营,差异化举措提升农业绿色生产效率,缩小区域农业绿色发展差距。

数字普惠金融对粮食主产区农业绿色发展的效应研究

粮食主产区承担着保障国家粮食安全和生态安全的双重责任,数字普惠金融的发展为主产区农业实现绿色转型提供了新机遇和新动力。利用2011一2021年粮食主产区13个省份的省级层面的面板数据,系统考察数字普惠金融对粮食主产区农业绿色发展的影响。研究发现:①粮食主产区各省份的农业绿色发展水平存在较大的差异,但总体趋势呈现上升的态势;②数字普惠金融的发展会显著提升主产区各省份的农业绿色发展水平;③数字普惠金融对主产区各省份农业绿色发展存在双重门槛效应,存在马太效应,即对于农业绿色发展水平高的省份数字普惠金融的影响强度大。基于本文的研究结论,提出加强主产区数字普惠金融的制度和基础设施建设、创新服务于农业绿色生产金融产品和服务、提升农户数字普惠金融的素养、建设灵活的信用评级系统的对策建议。

基于熵权TOPSIS法的粮食主产区农业绿色发展水平评价

现代农业绿色发展水平反映了农业综合实力,通过评估粮食主产区省际农业绿色发展水平,为我国建设现代农业强国提供有益参考。研究基于熵权TOPSIS模型,构建包含资源节约、环境友好、生态保育、质量高效4个维度15个指标的农业绿色发展综合评价体系,对粮食主产区省际农业绿色发展水平及其动态变化进行综合分析。结果表明:同期各省区之间农业绿色发展水平存在显著差异;根据聚类分析结果,按照农业绿色发展特征可划分为4种类型。因此,粮食主产区应依据地区资源禀赋,重点突破影响现代农业绿色发展的薄弱环节,进一步提升农业绿色发展水平。

物流平台农产品助农销售模式研究

物流体系助力农产品销售,物流企业主导的销售模式可以帮助地方性农产品开拓全国市场,拓展农产品销售渠道。研究探讨了在物流企业部分主导和完全主导的产地仓销售模式下,农产品供应链主体基于不同成本的农产品销售模式决策机制。研究发现,相较于生产成本系数,物流企业保鲜成本对农产品销量的影响力度更大;较低的保鲜成本系数下,物流企业更青睐传统销售模式,而农户会选择物流企业部分主导的销售模式。市场自发调节无法完全实现供应链整体协调,可通过政策优惠、加快冷链物流设施建设实现资源共享、互联互通,促进供应链达成整体最优。

电商参与会促进农户农产品质量认证吗?——基于黄土高原苹果优势产区农户的分析

作为数字经济新业态的农产品电子商务成为促进农业高质量发展的有效途径。基于黄土高原苹果优势产区农户实地调研数据,使用多维固定效应模型分析电商参与对农户农产品质量认证的影响;利用中介效应模型和KHB方法剖析电商参与促进农户农产品质量认证的作用机制。研究结果表明:电商参与能够显著提升农户农产品质量认证的概率,同时增加了多重质量认证的可能;参与电商通过提高农户农产品质量认证意愿、增加农产品市场信息以及促进农产品品牌建设三个途径影响农产品质量认证。在此基础上,提出应加强农村信息基础设施建设与电商技术培训,提高农产品质量认证和品牌推广等对策,以此促进农户进行农产品质量认证,实现农业高质量发展。