Non-professional Agricultural Production Villages Establishing a New Rural Cooperative

The article analyzes problems in the agricultural development of non-professional agricultural production villages of Fenghua City.Firstly,low technical and scientific content of production and low standardization level.Secondly,scattered sales and non-fixed marketing channels.Thirdly,difficulties in group cooperation of farm crops with special benefits.Fourthly,imperfect service of rural committees of non-professional agricultural production villages in Fenghua City.A new rural cooperative is to be founded to help villagers in non-professional agricultural production villages of Fenghua City to be engaged in agricultural production and management activities,and to improve their overall incomes.On the one hand,a perfect and scientific cooperative operating system is to be built specifically including three functions.Firstly,fully playing the leading and bridging role of rural primary organizations.Secondly,fully carrying out the pushing role of capable persons in the administrative village.Lastly,fully playing the role of active participation and cooperation of villagers.On the other hand,constructions of normalization,standardization and brand orientation with special emphasis should be achieved under the guidance of local governments.The key of building a cooperative of non-professional agricultural production villages in Fenghua City is discussed.One is that rural cadres should have strong awareness of serving the people.The other is that governments at all levels should energetically support the establishment and management of rural cooperatives.

Advantages,Difficulties and Countermeasures of Farmers’ Professional Cooperatives Guaranteeing the Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products

Food safety concerns the health of consumers,while quality and safety of agricultural products are the source of food safety,and it is of great significance to ensure the quality and safety of agricultural products.The decentralized production mode of Chinese farmers is the main threat to the source of food production safety in China.In this paper,the advantages of Chinese farmers'professional cooperatives in controlling quality of agricultural products and difficulties in the quality and safety assurance of agricultural products are analyzed.Finally,the guaranteeing measures of the quality and safety of agricultural products by Chinese farmers'professional cooperatives are proposed.

Operation Mechanism of Farmers' Professional Cooperatives from the Point of Low-Carbon Agricultural Products

We firstly take a look at internal logic of cluster development of low-carbon agricultural products.In combination with operation features of farmers' professional cooperatives and actual requirements for cluster development of low-carbon agricultural products;we elaborate establishing benefit allocation mechanism,bearing education and training functions,forming low-carbon value,building low-carbon identification system,as well as realizing low-carbon value.According to these situations,we systematically analyze operation mechanism of farmers' professional cooperatives suitable for cluster development of low-carbon agricultural products.To promote cluster development of low-carbon agricultural products,we put forward following suggestions,including government guidance and encouragement,social acceptance and active cooperation,and integration into global low-carbon development system to share benefit of low-carbon development.

Analysis on the Guarantee for the Quality Safety of Agricultural Products by the Farmer Professional Cooperative

Decentralized production model of small peasant household is main threat for China food safety source. By using the advantage of farmer professional cooperative in controlling the quality of agricultural products,its dilemma at the guarantee aspect of agricultural product quality safety is analyzed,and the guaranteeing measures of farmer professional cooperative for quality safety of agricultural products are proposed,which has an important significance for improving quality safety of agricultural products.

The Upward Issue of Agricultural Products Based on Farmer Cooperatives in the Context of Internet

In recent years,the development of rural e-commerce has been rapid but not balanced,and the upward scale of agricultural products is much smaller than the downward scale of industrial products.In the upward process of agricultural products,there are different models of e-commerce with farmers as the main body or cooperatives as the main body.Comparatively speaking,the difficulties in developing e-commerce for agricultural products with farmers as the main body are more prominent,while the development of e-commerce in agricultural products with cooperatives as the main body has more significant advantages.At present,there are still urgent problems to be solved,such as insufficient cold chain logistics facilities,insufficient scale and strength of cooperatives,and lack of systematic planning of local government's support policies for agricultural products.However,generally speaking,the upward trend for agricultural products based on cooperatives will be the mainstream of the development of agricultural electronic commerce in the future.

International Experience of Farmers Specialized Cooperative Economic Organizations in Marketing of Agricultural Products

In the world,development modes of farmers specialized cooperative economic organizations mainly includes two types:( i) specialized agricultural cooperatives with the United States of America as representative,and( ii) comprehensive agricultural cooperatives with Japan and South Korea as representative. In comparison,China mainly develops farmers specialized cooperatives which are agricultural production with family as unit and small in land and management scale like agricultural production in Japan. Therefore,in marketing of agricultural products,cooperatives in the United States of America and Japan have successful experience. China may learn such experience in the development of farmers specialized cooperatives.

基于互补性和依存度的中印农产品贸易合作研究

选取2002—2020年中国和印度农产品贸易数据,采用贸易互补性指数、产业内贸易指数、贸易结合度指数等对中印农产品贸易的互补性和依存度进行了测度,同时分析了两国的农产品贸易合作关系。结果表明:中印农产品在世界市场上的贸易互补性较低;双边贸易过程中印度对中国的农产品贸易互补性较强,中国对印度的农产品贸易互补性较低。中印农产品以产业间贸易为主,仅园艺产品的产业内贸易水平较高,并逐渐由垂直型转向水平型产业内贸易。中印在蔬菜、棉花等20种农产品具有产业间贸易互补空间,7种竞争性农产品中有2种具有产业内贸易互补空间。中印农产品贸易依存度较低,且中国对印度的农产品贸易依存度更低。根据研究结论,提出了加强中印发展战略对接、深化两国在农业领域的合作,充分发挥中印各自农产品比较优势、优化农产品贸易结构,努力提高农产品质量和差异化、推动中印农产品产业内贸易发展等对策建议。

中国加入CPTPP的农产品贸易效应研究--基于WITS-SMART模型

粮食安全是国家安全的基石,面对国际市场不稳定性,加入CPTPP有望为中国夯实农产品贸易韧性提供新契机。在考察中国与CPTPP国家农产品贸易竞合关系的基础上,运用WITS-SMART模型建立局部均衡分析框架,研究中国加入CPTPP的农产品贸易效应,结果发现:第一,中国农产品竞争力整体不强,但与CPTPP国家依存关系较高,双边贸易潜力在关税完全削减时充分释放。第二,零关税情境下,贸易创造效应普遍大于转移效应,中国对CPTPP多数国家农产品贸易规模大幅扩张,进口增长主要源自种植业、畜牧业部门以及加拿大、澳大利亚、英国、日本等国家,出口增长主要集中于种植业部门以及日本、英国、马来西亚、墨西哥等国家。第三,加入CPTPP显著改善了双边经济福利,不过关税损失较为严重。因此,中国应破除部门利益障碍,加强与墨西哥、日本、英国等国经贸联系以充分挖掘CPTPP国家市场潜力,释放贸易自由化福利,持续提高农产品出口质量和国际竞争力以应对加入CPTPP带来的挑战。

越南腰果出口的SWOT分析及中越合作建议

越南腰果产业在全球农产品市场占据着举足轻重的地位,成为越南主要的农产品出口之一。多年来,越南腰果出口额一直居全球首位,对越南的出口贸易具有至关重要的作用。尽管越南腰果在出口方面具备品质优良等显著的优势,但也存在生产成本上升、国际知名品牌相对欠缺的问题,并面临国际市场激烈竞争和进口国的技术要求提高等挑战。随着越南与需求国签署自由贸易协议以及新冠疫情后各国市场需求逐渐复苏,越南腰果出口迎来了新的机遇。中越两国应展开深度合作,通过共商贸易协议、共建电商平台、共同研究生产技术等领域的合作,联合打造越南腰果品牌并提升生产技术水平,从而实现越南腰果产业的可持续发展,推动越南与中国之间的腰果贸易发展,并进一步深化中越两国经济贸易合作。

新质生产力发展视角下山西省农机专业合作社提质增效优化研究

农机专业合作社发展离不开新质生产力的推动,而劳动者、生产关系、生产工具和生产要素创新性配置等,都是新质生产力形成过程中不可或缺的要素。该文采用文献研究、问卷调查,以及与农机专业合作社相关领域专家及负责人深度访谈交流的方式,从山西省农户调查、农业职业经理人经营能力和村镇银行信贷满意度调查3个视角对农机专业合作社提质增效进行分析研究,剖析产生问题的原因,提出深化联合社发展、构建新型服务模式,改革联合社人才选聘机制,充分发挥农业中介专业组织作用,以及优化农村金融贷款服务等促进农机专业合作社提质增效优化的建议。

“一带一路”框架下中国农业国际合作的成效、挑战与对策

“一带一路”倡议是改进全球治理体系、促进各共建国合作共赢的国际合作平台与国际公共产品。与西方主导的国际制度供给体系不同,“一带一路”框架下的农业国际合作是一种在平等协商基础上形成的“交往行动”模式。这种去自我中心化的模式避免了国际合作中产生制度撕裂与破坏性纠纷,但是也要求共建国在“交往行动”中不断对持续变化的世界进行创造性调适。因此,当前农业国际合作在农产品贸易、农业国际投资、农业科技合作等方面取得丰硕成果的同时,也在农业国际合作质量、结构等方面存在挑战。文章在系统总结农业国际合作的理论基础和实践逻辑、回顾梳理农业国际合作成效与面临挑战的基础上,提出“一带一路”框架下农业国际合作的对策建议。

中国与RCEP成员国农产品贸易合作态势分析——基于社会网络视角的再检验

基于2000-2020年UN Comtrade数据库农产品贸易数据,运用显示性比较优势、贸易互补性指数及网络结构相关指标分析了中国与RCEP成员国农产品贸易合作态势。结果表明:第一,中国与RCEP成员国农产品贸易显示性比较优势存在较大差异,且中国出口与RCEP成员国进口的农产品贸易结构相似度较高,但在中国进口与RCEP成员国出口上表现出的贸易互补性偏弱;第二,中国与RCEP成员国农产品贸易网络密度总体呈现愈加紧密的趋势,并在农产品贸易网络中占据网络中心位置,扮演“桥梁”“中间行动者”等角色;第三,中国与RCEP成员国农产品贸易竞合关系可具体量化为竞争性强度、互补性强度,中国可根据竞合关系量化结果得出的不同策略位势采取差异化合作模式,且经社会网络视角再检验后结果依然稳健。为进一步推进贸易强国建设步伐,中国应在RCEP的基础上,着力平衡成员国间的竞合关系,继续完善农产品贸易合作网络,不断强化区域间的策略对接,有力促进农产品贸易合作顺利开展。

农户加入合作社的耕地质量保护效应

基于2020年中国乡村振兴调查的农户数据,实证检验加入合作社对农户采纳耕地质量保护行为的影响及作用机制。结果表明:加入合作社对农户进行耕地质量保护具有显著正向促进作用,这与合作社提供的农业生产技术与培训服务、农产品溢价激励与传递农业生产信息有关,经稳健性检验后该结论依然成立;机制分析表明,加入合作社主要通过提供农业社会化服务和提高农户绿色生产认知两条路径促进农户采纳耕地质量保护行为;异质性分析表明,加入合作社对家庭土地经营规模较大、中西部地区、农业收入预期较高及未经历过土地调整的农户采纳耕地质量保护行为的影响更为显著。据此,建议发挥合作社的组织平台作用、创新合作社发展模式、加强政府对合作社的政策扶持力度以及全面推广合作社培训制度,以实现耕地质量保护。

RCEP下湖南农产品对外贸易潜力测算与合作态势分析

本文运用时变随机前沿引力模型和影响力指数测算原理,计算出口贸易效率和农产品出口贸易竞争力指数两项指标,借鉴波士顿矩阵分析法判断湖南出口RCEP各国农产品的贸易合作态势。研究显示:湖南果蔬类产品贸易竞争力在RCEP各国中最强,且各国别市场的湖南各类农产品竞争力差异较大,互补性不强;湖南果蔬类和食品加工类产品的出口市场贸易空间巨大,且不同出口国别市场的贸易效率持续提升;RCEP各国居于湖南农产品出口贸易的不同战略位势,形成了差异化的贸易合作态势。

Thoughts on Establishment of the Agricultural Products Quality and Safety(Standards) Cooperation Center in Asia-Pacific Region

The establishment of agricultural products quality and safety cooperation mechanism and the research demonstration center in the Asia-Pacific reg coordinating each other, is not only of great ening cooperation with countries in Asia-Pacific region and for agricultural production safety of those countries in Asia- Pacific region, but also very necessary for our country to build a responsible image in the quality and safety of agricultural products, protection of the benefit of agriculture-related enterprises, increasing exports, ensuring imported food safety and China＇s national food security, as Well as nice exploration of establishing the global agricultural＇ products quality and safety cooperation center.

阿根廷农业生产、贸易状况及中阿农业合作分析

阿根廷作为全球重要的农产品出口国,农业生产与贸易在其经济发展中占据了举足轻重的地位。阿根廷丰富的农业资源主要得益于其独特的气候和土壤条件,在大豆、玉米、小麦等农作物的生产方面具有显著优势,这些农作物不仅品质优良,而且产量稳定,进一步巩固了阿根廷在全球农产品市场中的地位。近年来,中国与阿根廷在农业领域的合作日益增强,双方在农产品贸易、农业技术交流和农业投资等方面的合作不断深化。作为世界上最大的农产品消费国,中国对阿根廷的大豆、肉类等产品需求巨大,而阿根廷也借助中国的技术和资金支持,进一步推动了本国农业的发展。本研究在对阿根廷农业生产和贸易现状进行系统分析的基础上,探讨中阿在农业领域合作的必要性与未来方向。最后,提出了推动中阿农业合作的建议。

太行、太岳抗日根据地农业互助合作运动研究

全面抗战时期,为保证农业生产的顺利进行,太行、太岳抗日根据地积极响应中共中央“组织起来”的号召,开展了互助合作运动。在借鉴吸收农民传统互助形式的基础上,中国共产党采取自愿结合、等价交换、典型引领、劳武结合等方法逐渐将分散的广大农民群众组织起来。实践证明,组织起来进行互助合作在克服根据地劳畜力短缺、提高农业劳动生产效率、改善群众生活上呈现出显著的效果。总结太行、太岳根据地开展农业互助合作运动的历史经验,对当今组织农民投入到乡村振兴的伟大实践仍有一定的参考意义。

合作化时期农业生产合作社的生产管理——以包工包产为视角的分析

合作化时期,根据中央的指示和部署,各地农业生产合作社积极推行包工包产制度,逐步确立和完善生产责任制。实行包工包产制和提高生产管理水平是一项极其复杂、艰苦的工作,虽然在这一过程中有许多不足和问题,一些地方也过早过急地采用高级的劳动组织形式。但不可否认,包工包产制度的推行改进了农业生产合作社的生产管理,调动了社员的生产积极性,提高了劳动效率,巩固了合作社,在政治、经济等方面具有重要的意义。推行劳动定额管理及包工包产制度是社会主义集体经营的一个重要组成部分,适应了生产力发展的水平和要求,它和小农经济的个体生产即“单干”有本质上的不同,不会使农村产生资本主义,使新的生产关系变质。

中国农业境外经贸合作区对东道国农产品出口影响研究

中国农业境外经贸合作区作为一种基于东道国农业资源和产业特点,打造的全产业链农业合作平台,对于深化中国与东道国在农业领域经济合作与交流具有重要作用。基于全球37个国家2001~2018年面板数据,运用双重差分模型实证检验中国农业境外经贸合作区对东道国农产品出口贸易的影响,结果表明中国农业境外经贸合作区显著促进了东道国的农产品出口贸易发展,且该效应在不同经济发展水平、区位条件及中国农业境外经贸合作区数不同的东道国之间表现出明显的差异性,此研究结论为中国农业境外经贸合作区在促进东道国农业经济增长方面提供了新的经验证据。提出加强农业国际合作平台建设、构建政府间政策沟通机制、探索建立多元化金融服务体系和加强国家层面的支持力度等对策建议。

北京市农产品初加工机械化“四分研究”探析

农产品初加工是现代农业做强产业链、优化供应链、提升价值链的重要基础。通过理论分析与实地调研相结合的方式,分区域、分产业、分品种和分环节(以下简称四分研究)对北京市农产品初加工机械化现状进行分析梳理,查找农产品初加工机械化发展存在的短板弱项,剖析影响北京市初加工机械化水平发展的主要因素,并提出对策建议。