Technological Innovation Characteristics and Capacity Enhancement Ways for the Agricultural Science and Technology Enterprises in Beijing City

From the perspective of innovation mechanism,capital,personnel,achievements and conversion,this study analyzes the current situation of technological innovation in Beijing agricultural science and technology enterprises,and summarizes the characteristics including single financing channel of R&D funds,low conversion rate of innovative products,unbalanced distribution of technology and innovative talents,the underestimated position of enterprises as the main body of technological innovation,the large gap of innovation achievements between developed provinces and Beijing.At last,this study puts forward the ways to improve technological innovation ability in Beijing agricultural science and technology enterprises as follows:developing technological innovation strategies;improving the R&D expenditure and expanding the financing channels;perfecting the mechanism of professional personnel training in agricultural technology innovation;enhancing the level of innovation performance management;establishing and improving the corporate culture of innovation and cultivating technology innovation spirit.

Comparative Research on Sino-US Agricultural Innovation Model in Science and Technology

This research was conducted to provide a comparative analysis of China's and US's agricultural innovation in science and technology and offer some guidance on the construction of agricultural innovation system in science and technology in China. The countermeasures are proposed with a hope to shorten China's and US's gap of agricultural innovation in science and technology by analyzing agricultural innovation model features in science and technology of the United States. The advantages of United States model of agricultural innovation in science and technology include sound legal framework safeguard, complete scientific and technological innovation system, high quality and talented personnel, sufficient technical development and extension funding, and extensive applications of modern agricultural high-tech. There is a gap in agricultural innovation between China and the United States. Agriculture innovation in science and technology in China should improve in several aspects such as agricultural legislation, construction of sound agricultural innovation system in science and technology, building first-class agricultural innovation and extension teams, establishing diversified channels for investment, and improving the applications of high technology in agriculture.

Evaluation for Innovation Ability of National Agricultural Science and Technology Parks in Jiangxi Province

Innovative ability is an important indicator for judging the effectiveness of the national agricultural science and technology park construction. Based on the statistical data of four national agricultural science and technology parks built in Jiangxi Province, this paper constructs an evaluation system consisting of three first-level indicators, eight second-level indicators and 24 three-level indicators. Based on the combined weighting method, the comprehensive scores of the innovation capabilities of the parks are obtained. It is found that the gap in innovation capability of each park is wide, and the radiation-driven function has not yet appeared. It is necessary to promote the improvement of innovation capabilities by promoting the synergy and innovation of agricultural science and technology in the park, encouraging the park to construct agricultural technology business incubators, and building and improving innovation platforms.

Study on the Factors Influencing the Level of Innovation in Agricultural Science and Technology Projects

This paper carries out a questionnaire survey of persons in charge of the agricultural project in the " Eleventh Five-Year National Support Program" on the level of innovation in projects and the factors influencing innovation. After the linear regression analysis of the survey data,it is found that the factors influencing the innovation in agricultural science and technology projects include the level of innovation in scientific achievements,efficiency of research methods and creation of innovation environment. Through the variance analysis of the level of innovation and its influencing factors related to different innovators,it is found that there are differences in the statistical significance of level of innovation in projects among universities,research institutes,research and extension departments directly under the government,and enterprises; there are no significant differences in the understanding of factors influencing innovation,that is,different innovators basically have the same understanding of factors influencing innovation,but the assessment on level of innovation in projects completed is different to some extent.On this basis,this paper proposes the recommendations for further strengthening the level of innovation in agricultural science and technology projects in order to provide a theoretical reference and practical basis for the project managers to effectively improve the level of agricultural science and technology project management,and enhance the level of innovation in projects.

THE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY BACKYARD AS A LOCAL LEVEL INNOVATION INTERMEDIARY IN RURAL CHINA

Agricultural innovation can be described as a coevolutionary process of technological innovation,symbolic change,and social or institutional innovation,which relies on the interactions and collaboration between multiple stakeholders.This view emphasizes the significance of innovation intermediaries in supporting the coevolution process of innovation.Many studies have provided evidence on how innovation intermediaries play roles in supporting the coevolution innovation process at a broader innovation system level.However,little emphasis has been given to the role of innovation intermediaries in supporting the coevolution process of innovation at the community level in rural China.To address this research gap,this paper offers a case study of a novel type of innovation support intervention designed to promote technical change at the community level,the Science and Technology Backyard(STB).The paper focuses on the efforts of a specific STB in Wangzhuang village to promote innovation in tillage methods in wheat production.The aims was to examine the role of this newly emerging innovation support intervention in supporting the coevolution process of innovation at the community level,and compare the outcome of the coevolution process in the village with an STB to that in villages without an STB.Innovation journey analysis is applied to understand the evolved intermediation roles in the innovation process,and multivariate regression analysis is employed to assess the outcome of the coevolution process in villages with and without an STB.The findings suggest that the roles of STBs have evolved from knowledge brokers to systemic innovation intermediaries that facilitate the coevolution process of innovation inside an STB village.It has led to a higher adoption rate of improved technology,a better enabling environment for learning,and more effective institutional support in STB villages than in non-STB villages.However,the effect of support provided by a single STB on the coevolution process outside the community was limited.This finding points to a need for collaboration mechanisms and for connecting single STBs to support the coevolution process of innovation at a larger scale.

中德农业科技创新合作现状、问题及建议

国际农业科技合作不仅为世界各国创新发展积累经验,而且也推动了新知识与新技术的广泛传播和应用,并为经济增长和可持续发展寻找新动能,造福全人类。在中共二十大报告中,将扩大国际科技交流合作与加强国际化科研环境建设作为重点强调内容。德国作为农业科技强国,农业科技在许多领域都处于世界较为领先地位。中国作为世界农业大国,其农业科技发展水平与世界农业强国还存在一定差距。中德两国具有良好的农业科技合作基础,促进和加强两国不同创新主体之间的创新合作,既符合两国国际科技合作战略目标,又有利于共同应对和解决区域性和全球性重大农业挑战问题。为此,首先系统梳理了两国农业科技发展特点及合作基础,在此基础上,着重分析了促进和加强双方在农业科技创新领域合作的现实需求以及现有合作中存在的一些问题,最后,针对上述问题,从项目管理、合作成果考核评价、相关利益方参与度、资助模式以及中德农业科技创新平台功能挖掘等角度提出了双方在农业科技创新领域加强合作的对策建议,以其为两国未来农业科技创新合作机制的深入探索与思考提供借鉴与参考。

基于生产托管服务的农业科技成果转化新模式探析——以安徽颍州农业社会化服务科技创新基地为例

加速农业科技创新成果转化是推进现代农业发展的主要动力,对推动乡村产业振兴具有重要现实意义。系统阐述了目前安徽省农业科技成果转化的主要模式,并综合分析了成果转化过程中存在的成果属性、转化动力、转化机制及农技推广模式等方面的问题。结合新阶段对科技创新和成果转化联动发展以及农业生产托管高质量发展的要求,提出了基于农业社会化服务的农业科技成果转化模式的理论框架,并以安徽颍州农业社会化服务科技创新基地为例,分析了农业生产托管服务在推进科技创新和促进成果高效转化方面的正向作用,阐述了农业科研院所、农技推广系统、托管组织等主体在科技创新与成果转化中的联动协作机制。提出了一条可行的农业科技成果转化新模式——基于生产托管的农业科技成果转化模式,以期为推动农业科技创新成果转化、助力农业新技术推广到位、助推乡村振兴提供参考依据。

数字普惠金融如何赋能乡村产业振兴

厘清数字普惠金融发展赋能乡村产业振兴的作用机制,有助于缓解农村金融资源配置效率不高、金融基础设施不完善和金融服务体系薄弱与日益增长的乡村产业发展需求之间的矛盾。现有文献对数字普惠金融与农村经济现代化做了较为丰富的研究,但是鲜有将其与乡村产业振兴联系起来进行理论与实证的研究。本文从乡村产业生产、乡村产业延伸、乡村产业功能和乡村产业支撑四个维度构建我国乡村产业振兴水平评价指标体系,并多维度实证检验了数字普惠金融对乡村产业振兴的影响。主要有三点发现:一是数字普惠金融发展对乡村产业振兴水平和乡村产业振兴速度均具有显著的正向促进作用;二是数字普惠金融发展覆盖广度、使用深度和数字化程度对乡村产业振兴的边际效应呈现明显差异;三是数字普惠金融不仅可以直接缓解经营主体约束和激活市场活力促进乡村产业振兴,还可以通过农业科技创新、乡村产业融合和农业全要素生产率间接影响乡村产业振兴。

加快形成赋能农业科技创新的金融体系

论文主要探讨了农业科技创新对中国实现农业现代化和农业强国建设的重要性。通过分析国内外成功经验,提出加强金融支持农业科技创新的策略,旨在提升中国农业的质量和国际竞争力。农业科技创新是建立现代农业体系的关键,能显著提高生产力和推动农业可持续发展。文章借鉴了美国、德国、荷兰和日本等国在农业科技创新和金融支持方面的成功经验,指出政府主导、产学研紧密结合、法律制度完善及有效金融支持是农业科技创新成功的关键因素。这些国家通过建立强大的研发体系、推进政策支持、实施合作社模式和专业化经营等策略,有效促进了农业科技进步和农业产业的全面发展。科技创新和金融支持是推动中国农业产业转型和实现国家全面现代化的关键,需要政府、企业和金融机构等多方共同努力,营造有利于农业科技创新的环境和体系。中国需精准定位,借鉴国际经验,推进农业强国建设。强化金融对农业科技创新的支持,加快农村金融制度建设。建议通过优化政策、创新保险产品、改进金融服务和深化资本市场改革等措施,为农业科技创新提供金融支持。

The health care economic-industrial complex: Concepts and general characteristics

The strategic role of health care within the Brazilian development agenda has been increasingly recognized and institutionalized. Aside from its importance as a structural element of the Welfare State, health care plays a leading role in generating innovation. Despite this, the productive base of Brazil’s health care system is extremely fragile, jeopardizing both the universal provision of health care services and the country’s competitive insertion in the globalized environment. This suggests the need for a more systematic analysis of the complex relationships that exist between the technological and the social interests involved in the productive base of health care provision in Brazil. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to enhance our understanding of the productive base of health care, especially given its potential to contribute to a socially inclusive development model, which is the ultimate goal in Brazil.

Japanese Science and Technology Basic Plan: A Perspective of Policy Process

The Japanese government formulates the Science and Technology Basic Plan every five years based on the Science and Technology Basic Law, and indicates the future direction of Japan’s science and technology. This paper describes its history, significance, and decision process of this Science and Technology Basic Plan. Then this paper describes the characteristics of the previous five plans, contributions to Japanese science and technological activities, and its challenges for the future. In the formulation of the Science and Technology Basic Plan, the role of the Council for Science and Technology Policy has been significant. However, after establishing Shinzo Abe administration, the inclination to global innovation has been emphasized in Japan as well, the Council for Science and Technology Policy was renamed the Council for Science, Technology and Innovation, and the midterm and annual strategies centered on innovation have also been prepared. This paper described these movements.Japan suffers from population decline and the increase in governmental deficits, and there is also a tendency towards weakness in science and technology innovation. To formulate more suitable science and technology basic plans will revitalize and strengthen Japan’s science and technology innovation.

创新链视角下地方公益农业类科研机构创新效率测度研究

文章基于创新链理论,将公益农业类科研机构划分为科技研发阶段和成果转化阶段,采用DEA-Malquist指数法测算2011—2020年21家福建省属公益农业类科研机构不同阶段科技创新效率。结果表明:10年间,科技研发阶段和成果转化阶段的创新效率均表现为退步状态,科技研发阶段创新效率下降5.10%,成果转化阶段下降3.20%,可见两阶段均有较大提升空间;21家机构不同阶段创新效率差距明显,47.62%的机构科技研发效率处于退步状态,创新指数最大差距达0.756,38.10%的机构成果转化效率处于退步状态,创新指数最大差距达0.919;机构创新发展模式差距大,23.81%为集约型,9.52%为粗放型,28.57%为研发高效-转化低效型,38.10%为研发低效-转化高效型。在此基础上,结合加快推进科技政策创新、科技体制改革等外部因素,引导机构形成学科布局、技术积累与产业经济发展格局相适应科研组织模式等内部因素,分类提出有针对性的对策建议。

乡村振兴战略背景下新农科实践教学基地建设研究

理论与实践相结合的培养模式是应用型人才培养的必由之路,也是新农科建设的内在要求,因此教学实践基地的建设与应用在农学类专业人才培养中起到十分重要的作用。乡村振兴是当前中国农村发展的重要战略,农学教学实践基地作为农学专业教育的重要组成部分,在乡村振兴战略背景下的建设研究具有重要意义。新农科建设对高校农科人才培养提出新标准和新要求,实践教学对新农科人才培养具有重要意义。该文阐述农学专业实践教学基地建设研究的重要意义、现状、问题及发展路径,以期为今后国内涉农高校新农科实践教学基地的科学化、合理化建设及高效利用提供理论指导。

适应新发展格局的产业政策体系演变逻辑与主要趋向

构建新发展格局是中国迈入新发展阶段后重塑竞争优势的必然选择,产业政策是新发展格局下将中国塑造成为有竞争力经济体的重要工具,对内激励竞争和对外强化安全成为产业政策新目标。基于经济发展阶段视角厘清产业政策、科技创新政策、竞争政策之间的融合、协调、退出与重构等关系,统合探究各类政策在新发展格局构建中的基本逻辑。进一步提出在多元化政策目标下,中国要打出一套以竞争政策为基础、产业政策与竞争政策相互协调、选择性产业政策逐渐让位于功能性产业政策、科技政策由激励科技创新链条的后端向前端突破侧重、重大领域发挥新型举国体制优势的政策“组合拳”,并提出通过建立多层次政策协调机制、健全产业政策的全流程治理机制等举措完善新发展格局下的产业政策体系。

科技竞赛驱动涉农高校工程类专业学生创新能力培养

在新农科建设背景下,科技竞赛为涉农高校工程类专业学生提供了一个展示创新能力和科研能力、提升专业素养和思考并解决问题能力的广阔舞台。农科院校的专业性较强,面对新农科建设的新要求,需要探索新的人才培养途径和培养模式。科技兴农,依托科技竞赛推动创新型农林人才培养,满足我国乡村振兴对人才的需求。

科技金融政策能否提升城市创业活跃度——基于“促进科技和金融结合试点”的准自然实验

科技金融政策能否促进经济社会包容性发展,其效应如何是一项值得关注的议题。本文基于2004—2021年中国280个地级及以上城市的面板数据,将“促进科技和金融结合试点”政策视为一项准自然实验,采用双重差分法考察了科技金融政策对城市创业活跃度的影响及作用机制。研究发现:科技金融政策显著提升了城市创业活跃度,该结论经过一系列稳健性检验后依然成立。机制检验表明,科技金融政策通过人才集聚效应、金融助推效应、科技创新效应和消费扩张效应提升城市创业活跃度。异质性分析表明,科技金融政策对东部地区城市、高市场化程度的城市,以及服务业尤其是非生产性服务业创业活跃度的提升作用更为明显。经济后果分析表明,科技金融政策所产生的创业效应能够有效转化为就业创造效应,但这一效应主要体现在第三产业。本文研究结论为有效发挥科技金融政策的创业效应,实现稳就业、促发展的目标提供了有益的政策启示。

聚焦产业科技创新 支撑区域农业高质量发展

省级农业科研院所是我国农业科技创新体系的重要组成部分,在支撑区域农业高质量发展中发挥着不可替代的作用。在新的历史时期,如何进一步明晰发展定位,持续提升服务区域社会经济发展能力是摆在省级农业科研院所面前的一个重要课题。文章以河南省农业科学院为例,系统梳理了支撑区域农业发展的成效、创新做法等,剖析了现阶段省级农业科研院所面临的主要困难,进一步提出推动省级农业科研院所可持续发展,加快构建“梯次分明、分工协作、适度竞争”的农业科技创新体系的政策建议。

科技创新政策循证决策机制研究--以日本第六期《科学技术与创新基本计划》为例

循证决策是近年来政策界广泛关注的主题,本文以如何应用该方法为出发点,基于政策环模型分析各决策环节的决策需求、定位相应的证据需求,综合多元决策参与主体间的互动关系和证据的特征构建循证决策的应用模型,并以日本制定第六期《科学技术与创新基本计划》为案例,对该模型进行印证,以期为中国科技创新政策的制定提供借鉴。

“一带一路”共建国家农业科技创新合作网络结构演化及影响因素探究

基于WOS数据库中跨国农业科技论文合著数据,借助社会网络分析法和QAP回归模型,剖析2006—2020年“一带一路”共建国家农业科技创新合作网络结构演化特征及影响因素。研究发现:(1)“一带一路”共建国家农业科技创新合作网络整体结构指标均得到了不同程度的优化,且各指标优化速度快于全球农业科技创新合作网络。(2)“一带一路”共建国家和全球国家农业科技创新合作网络去中心化趋势均较明显,多核共存特征更加突出。(3)中国和意大利在合作网络中同时扮演着核心者和中间人角色。(4)合作网络呈现出双向溢出、主受益、“经纪人”3种类型的块集聚特征,亚洲国家是推动农业科技创新合作的主引擎。(5)制度、经济、科研和认知邻近对3个阶段的合作网络都具有显著的正向影响,而空间邻近对合作的阻碍作用逐渐减弱。“一带一路”共建国家应进一步重视跨国农业科技创新合作,明确自身在合作网络中的地位与角色,充分借助网络核心国家的重要作用,加速融入农业科技创新国际合作核心网络.

政策导向下的江苏农业科技类园区监测评价策略研究

农业科技类园区建设主要由政府主导发起,具有鲜明的政策导向。文章结合政策导向对不同类别农业科技园区的功能定位进行了对比研究,并调研分析了园区创新发展不足与监测评价难点,将其作为开展监测评价的客观依据和引导方向。综合每类园区的功能定位和发展现状,研究制定了监测评价的方式策略和指标侧重点,并从强化考核导向、建立统计报告制度、定期考察指导等方面提出了建议。