Macroscopic grasp of agricultural carbon emissions status, spatial-temporal characteristics as well as driving factors are the basic premise in further research on China’s agricultural carbon emissions. Based on 23 k...Macroscopic grasp of agricultural carbon emissions status, spatial-temporal characteristics as well as driving factors are the basic premise in further research on China’s agricultural carbon emissions. Based on 23 kinds of major carbon emission sources including agricultural materials inputs, paddy ifeld, soil and livestock breeding, this paper ifrstly calculated agricultural carbon emissions from 1995 to 2010, as well as 31 provinces and cities in 2010 in China. We then made a decomposed analysis to the driving factors of carbon emissions with logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) model. The results show:(1) The amount of agricultural carbon emissions is 291.1691 million t in 2010. Compared with 249.5239 million t in 1995, it increased by 16.69%, in which, agricultural materials inputs, paddy ifeld, soil, enteric fermentation, and manure management accounted for 33.59, 22.03, 7.46, 17.53 and 19.39%of total agricultural carbon emissions, respectively. Although the amount exist ups and downs, it shows an overall trend of cyclical rise; (2) There is an obvious difference among regions:the amount of agricultural carbon emissions from top ten zones account for 56.68%, while 9.84%from last 10 zones. The traditional agricultural provinces, especially the major crop production areas are the main source regions. Based on the differences of carbon emission rations, 31 provinces and cities are divided into ifve types, namely agricultural materials dominant type, paddy ifeld dominant type, enteric fermentation dominant type, composite factors dominant type and balanced type. The agricultural carbon emissions intensity in west of China is the highest, followed by the central region, and the east zone is the lowest; (3) Compared with 1995, efifciency, labor and structure factors cut down carbon emissions by 65.78, 27.51 and 3.19%, respectively;while economy factor increase carbon emissions by 113.16%.展开更多
Based on seven carbon sources including chemical fertilizer, pesticide, agricultural film, nitrogen fertilization, agricultural machinery, irri- gation and straw burning, the carbon emissions in agricultural productio...Based on seven carbon sources including chemical fertilizer, pesticide, agricultural film, nitrogen fertilization, agricultural machinery, irri- gation and straw burning, the carbon emissions in agricultural production of China during 1995-2011 was calculated. The results showed that both total agricultural carbon emission and per capita agricultural carbon emission overall presented growth trends, and the growth rate began to slow in recent years. The agricultural carbon emission intensity decreased year by year. Straw burning was the primary carbon source in China's agricul- ture, followed by chemical fertilizer. Total agricultural carbon emission in China in 17 years experienced three stages of "fluctuated growth -slow drop-new growth". Finally, suggestions and countermeasures of the low-carbon agriculture development in China from three aspects were proposed.展开更多
The extreme weather caused by the global warming effect has triggered huge losses to agricultural production.A hot issue for governments and scholars is how to effectively reduce carbon emission intensity in agricultu...The extreme weather caused by the global warming effect has triggered huge losses to agricultural production.A hot issue for governments and scholars is how to effectively reduce carbon emission intensity in agriculture.The agricultural farming practices that are high pollution and high energy cosuming have exacerbated the vulnerability of regional agroecosystems.The sustainable development of agriculture is faced with the two dilemmas of a low utilization rate of green resources and the serious pollution of farmland.Further,environmental and ecological carrying capacities have reached theirlimits,seriouslyhinderingtthe high-quality development of low-carbon agriculture in China.Thus,based on the panel data of 282 cities,the Spatial Dubin Model(SDM)is employed to examine the impact of agricultural mechanization on carbon emission intensity in agriculture.It is found that from 1999 to 2019 carbon emission intensity in agriculture showed an overall downward trend;as of 2019,the agricultural field had completed the target of carbon emission reduction,,oneyear aheadof schedule.From a local perspective,approximately 14.89%6of fagricultural industries in prefecture-level city have still not achieved carbon emission reduction targets,and agricultural carbon emission reduction tasks were better completed in major grain-producing areas than in nonmajor grain-producing areas.Agricultural mechanization has significantly reduced carbonemission intensityyinlocal agriculture production.The impact of agricultural mechanizationoncarbon emission intensity in agriculture has not only a significant negative spatial spillover effect but also a significant effect on spatial carbon emission reduction.Compared with non-major ggrain-producingareas,agricultural mechanization plays a greater role in reducing spatial carbon emissions in major grain-producing areas.Further studies find that agricultural mechanization is conducive to overcome difficulties,such as instability of property rights and land fragmentation,and to achieve large-scale agricultural production,thereby reducing agricultural carbon emissions in nearby regions.However,the transfer of rurallabor,adjustments to the structure of agricultural cultivation,and the centralized use of rural land restrict the development of the crossregional service market for agricultural machinery,which in turn weaken its contribution to spatial carbon emission reduction.At the end of this paper,it is suggested that Chinese governments at all levels should introduce subsidy policies for the cross-regional operation of agricultural machinery to solve the problem of their service market failure.Efforts should be made to stimulate the market to develop more energy-efficient and environmentally friendly agricultural machinery products while strictly controlling changes in the use of arableland in non-grain-producing areas,which aims to serve further agricultural mechanization and boost the high-quality development of low-carbon agriculture.展开更多
All mankind is faced with the severe challenge to deal with climate change.Advocating the concept of“a community with a shared future for mankind,”China has taken the initiative to commit itself to emission reductio...All mankind is faced with the severe challenge to deal with climate change.Advocating the concept of“a community with a shared future for mankind,”China has taken the initiative to commit itself to emission reduction and has actively contributed its strength.According to the data on agricultural carbon emissions,it finds that non-carbon dioxide gases dominated agricultural carbon emissions,showing an overall upward trend year by year.However,a downward trend has been seen,and it was near a peak in this regard in recent years.Emissions from energy consumption of agricultural machinery may become the most significant uncertain factor for the carbon dioxide peaking of agriculture,as agriculture in China is yet to be mechanized further.The analysis above has laid a foundation for the emission reduction idea of driving the green transformation of agriculture with low-carbon measures.Specific recommendations are as follows in this regard.Carbon constraint indicators should be added to the 14th Five-Year Plan for the development of agriculture and rural areas.The methodology accounting should be expedited for agricultural carbon emissions.China should make a lot of effort to develop the agricultural carbon market and strive to employ financial means to promote low-carbon agricultural technologies.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (71273105)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China (2013YB12)
文摘Macroscopic grasp of agricultural carbon emissions status, spatial-temporal characteristics as well as driving factors are the basic premise in further research on China’s agricultural carbon emissions. Based on 23 kinds of major carbon emission sources including agricultural materials inputs, paddy ifeld, soil and livestock breeding, this paper ifrstly calculated agricultural carbon emissions from 1995 to 2010, as well as 31 provinces and cities in 2010 in China. We then made a decomposed analysis to the driving factors of carbon emissions with logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) model. The results show:(1) The amount of agricultural carbon emissions is 291.1691 million t in 2010. Compared with 249.5239 million t in 1995, it increased by 16.69%, in which, agricultural materials inputs, paddy ifeld, soil, enteric fermentation, and manure management accounted for 33.59, 22.03, 7.46, 17.53 and 19.39%of total agricultural carbon emissions, respectively. Although the amount exist ups and downs, it shows an overall trend of cyclical rise; (2) There is an obvious difference among regions:the amount of agricultural carbon emissions from top ten zones account for 56.68%, while 9.84%from last 10 zones. The traditional agricultural provinces, especially the major crop production areas are the main source regions. Based on the differences of carbon emission rations, 31 provinces and cities are divided into ifve types, namely agricultural materials dominant type, paddy ifeld dominant type, enteric fermentation dominant type, composite factors dominant type and balanced type. The agricultural carbon emissions intensity in west of China is the highest, followed by the central region, and the east zone is the lowest; (3) Compared with 1995, efifciency, labor and structure factors cut down carbon emissions by 65.78, 27.51 and 3.19%, respectively;while economy factor increase carbon emissions by 113.16%.
文摘Based on seven carbon sources including chemical fertilizer, pesticide, agricultural film, nitrogen fertilization, agricultural machinery, irri- gation and straw burning, the carbon emissions in agricultural production of China during 1995-2011 was calculated. The results showed that both total agricultural carbon emission and per capita agricultural carbon emission overall presented growth trends, and the growth rate began to slow in recent years. The agricultural carbon emission intensity decreased year by year. Straw burning was the primary carbon source in China's agricul- ture, followed by chemical fertilizer. Total agricultural carbon emission in China in 17 years experienced three stages of "fluctuated growth -slow drop-new growth". Finally, suggestions and countermeasures of the low-carbon agriculture development in China from three aspects were proposed.
基金This paper is ssupported by"Research on the Differences of Agricultural Carbon Emission Behaviors of Different Types of Farmers"(No.71303162)a program of National Natural Science Foundation of China+5 种基金"Research on Evaluation of High-Quality Economic Development inLiaoning Province"(No.XLYC1904014)a program of Leading Talent in Philosophy and Social Sciences under the Revitalize Liaoning Talents Project"Research on Improving the Citizenship Quality of the Agricultural Transfer Population under the New Urbanization with People as the Core"(No.21AZD044)a key program of the National Social Science Foundation of China"Research on the Construction of a Longterm Mechanization for the Empowerment and Income Increase of Characteristic Agriculture"(No.21&ZD090)a major program of the National Social ScienceFoundation of China.
文摘The extreme weather caused by the global warming effect has triggered huge losses to agricultural production.A hot issue for governments and scholars is how to effectively reduce carbon emission intensity in agriculture.The agricultural farming practices that are high pollution and high energy cosuming have exacerbated the vulnerability of regional agroecosystems.The sustainable development of agriculture is faced with the two dilemmas of a low utilization rate of green resources and the serious pollution of farmland.Further,environmental and ecological carrying capacities have reached theirlimits,seriouslyhinderingtthe high-quality development of low-carbon agriculture in China.Thus,based on the panel data of 282 cities,the Spatial Dubin Model(SDM)is employed to examine the impact of agricultural mechanization on carbon emission intensity in agriculture.It is found that from 1999 to 2019 carbon emission intensity in agriculture showed an overall downward trend;as of 2019,the agricultural field had completed the target of carbon emission reduction,,oneyear aheadof schedule.From a local perspective,approximately 14.89%6of fagricultural industries in prefecture-level city have still not achieved carbon emission reduction targets,and agricultural carbon emission reduction tasks were better completed in major grain-producing areas than in nonmajor grain-producing areas.Agricultural mechanization has significantly reduced carbonemission intensityyinlocal agriculture production.The impact of agricultural mechanizationoncarbon emission intensity in agriculture has not only a significant negative spatial spillover effect but also a significant effect on spatial carbon emission reduction.Compared with non-major ggrain-producingareas,agricultural mechanization plays a greater role in reducing spatial carbon emissions in major grain-producing areas.Further studies find that agricultural mechanization is conducive to overcome difficulties,such as instability of property rights and land fragmentation,and to achieve large-scale agricultural production,thereby reducing agricultural carbon emissions in nearby regions.However,the transfer of rurallabor,adjustments to the structure of agricultural cultivation,and the centralized use of rural land restrict the development of the crossregional service market for agricultural machinery,which in turn weaken its contribution to spatial carbon emission reduction.At the end of this paper,it is suggested that Chinese governments at all levels should introduce subsidy policies for the cross-regional operation of agricultural machinery to solve the problem of their service market failure.Efforts should be made to stimulate the market to develop more energy-efficient and environmentally friendly agricultural machinery products while strictly controlling changes in the use of arableland in non-grain-producing areas,which aims to serve further agricultural mechanization and boost the high-quality development of low-carbon agriculture.
基金This paper is supported by the key project of the Research Center For Rural Economy of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs during the 14th Five-Year Plan Period“Research on Peak Carbon Dioxide Emissions before 2030 and Agricultural and Rural Transformation Development,”the research project of China Institute for Rural Studies,Tsinghua University“Research on the Realization Path of Agriculture’s Ecological Value in the Post-10,000-Dollar Era”(No.CIRS2021-5)the top young talent project supported by the national youth talent support program“Technical Path and Institutional System of Agricultural Green Development in the Context of Rural Revitalization,”the national key research and development project“Research on Policy Making of Managing the Reduction and Efficiency Enhancement of Fertilizer and Pesticide”(No.2016YFD0201304).
文摘All mankind is faced with the severe challenge to deal with climate change.Advocating the concept of“a community with a shared future for mankind,”China has taken the initiative to commit itself to emission reduction and has actively contributed its strength.According to the data on agricultural carbon emissions,it finds that non-carbon dioxide gases dominated agricultural carbon emissions,showing an overall upward trend year by year.However,a downward trend has been seen,and it was near a peak in this regard in recent years.Emissions from energy consumption of agricultural machinery may become the most significant uncertain factor for the carbon dioxide peaking of agriculture,as agriculture in China is yet to be mechanized further.The analysis above has laid a foundation for the emission reduction idea of driving the green transformation of agriculture with low-carbon measures.Specific recommendations are as follows in this regard.Carbon constraint indicators should be added to the 14th Five-Year Plan for the development of agriculture and rural areas.The methodology accounting should be expedited for agricultural carbon emissions.China should make a lot of effort to develop the agricultural carbon market and strive to employ financial means to promote low-carbon agricultural technologies.