Edible agro-products quality and safety in China

Ensuring an acceptable level of edible agro-products quality and safety is necessary to provide adequate protection for con- sumers. It is the first time that we analyzed the edible agro-products quality and safety issues in the supply chain, including production, processing, circulation, and consumption. The results indicate that the agro-products quality and safety levels improves steadily, and the supervision system and standardization system are both enhanced significantly, however, certain challenges still remain in each stage of the supply chain and the entire supervision process. Finally, five recommendations regarding four aspects （production, processing, circulation, and consumption） are concluded.

The Status Quo of Chinese Agro-products Logistics and the Establishment of the Third-Party Logistics Mode

The status quo of Chinese agro-products logistics is analyzed from the following five aspects:the circulation mode,exchange mode,storage and transportation situation,food security.The following problems in Chinese agro-products logistics are pointed out,including excessive circulation sections,bad time efficiency,single payment,slow circulation,backward information processing,obvious bullwhip effect,low logistics efficiency,low logistics technology,inadequate professional equipments,low standardization degree,organized operation mode and low degree of scale.The third-party logistics mode of agro-products is analyzed and the advantages of the mode are analyzed as well.Firstly,establishing information network through integrating circulation section to accelerate the circulation of agro-products;secondly,making the operation norms by providing professional equipments to secure the quality of agricultural products;thirdly,improving the core competitiveness of the whole logistics chain by intensifying specialized work division in each section of the supply chain;fourthly,through forming scale economy to reduce logistics costs and increase the diversity of products;fifthly,through signing contracts to clarify duties and responsibilities and materialize the profit integration of the supply chain.The measures for establishing the third-party logistics of agro-products are put forward,including establish the awareness and concept of socialized logistics services;intensify the support on the third-party logistics enterprises of agro-products;lay stress on the cultivation of logistics talents of agro-products;and vigorously apply the modern marketing means.

Researches on Risk Evaluation of Green Agro-product Closed Supply Chain

Closed supply chain is a superior form of management model of chain supply and an effective means of improving the modernization of agro-product circulation. Based on the research results of the current literatures on supply chain risk and agro-product supply chain, related subjects of the agro-product closed supply chain involving production, management and consumption are studied and analyzed and the primary risking factors in the supply chain system are classified as environmental risk, system risk, information risk, management risk and quality risk. Risk of agro-product closed supply chain is evaluated by using the method of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and the values are acquired. The result shows that risk of agro-product closed supply chain is moderate with relatively high risk, which basically accords with the present actual situations. It can be seen from the index weights of various levels that the key first-level indices influencing the risks are system risk, information risk, quality and safety risk and the key second-level are the coordinating and controlling ability of core enterprises, the implementation of information traceability and the construction of quality safety system. Therefore, risk of agro-product closed supply chain should be reduced by taking prevention and controlling measures mainly from these aspects.

Effect of microwave-vacuum drying(MVD)method on quality properties of agro-products

Microwave-vacuum drying is an accepted drying method for agro-products, which is nonetheless still relatively unknown to some. This paper attempted to give an overview of the most important aspects of microwaves-vacuum drying （MVD） and their relevance to agro-products processing. Some advantages on microwave-vacuum drying properties were discussed to provide a better insight into the reasons for the use of microwaves. Also the effects of the MVD on the quality of several agro-products and reasonable processing parameters were given, which develop the guidance to the application of MVD on the agro-products dehydration. As a potential drying technology, MVD will be broadly utilized for the other agro-products processing

The Economic Rationality and Institutional Driving Force of Edible Agro-products Enterprises Adopting ISO9000 Standards

This paper analyzed the economic rationality and institutional driving force of edible agro-products enterprises adopting ISO9000 standards,and built the theoretical analysis framework of enterprises adopting ISO9000 standards.The results indicated that the enterprises adopted ISO9000 standards form a variety of promoting product quality and safety business strategy options based on the considerations that getting economic efficiency and the access to resources.Based on the results,some recommendations were given for stimulating enterprises to adopt ISO9000 standards.

Changing Demand for Agro-products and Restructuring on Agro-production

Upon the analysis on the commodity natures and consumption features at different economic development periods, it is concluded that the commodity natures and consumption features of agricultural products display their evolvements by three phases. What＇s more, twice critical modification might arise, one is innovational, the other, transitional. In addition, the two key variables are discussed in the article that reflect economic index of agricultural products, the evolution rule of the weighted coefficient, production P and Quality Q. Sequentially, it is pointed out that the restructuring nature of agricultural production is to restructure the agricultural operation capability to adapt to the market, the target is to transform agricultural production to agricultural economy, and the principle abided by is benefit drive and market guide.

Empirical Analysis on the Impacts of Technical Barrier to Trade on Chinese Agro-products Export

In view of the impacts on Chinese agro-products export caused by various technical barriers to trade,the academic circles analyzed them from the costs and quantity of exported agro-products.On the basis of the status quo of Chinese agro-products,the gravity model is introduced to analyze the impacts on Chinese agro-product export caused by technical barriers to trade.The results show that as long as the quality of Chinese agro-products can achieve the standard set by developed countries,for one thing,the health of Chinese consumers can be ensured,for another thing,the export of Chinese agro-products will be more smooth,which can provide reference for our government to make decisions and solve trade dispute.

欧盟农药残留特别贸易关注发展趋势分析

欧盟是我国植物源农产品出口的重要目标市场,也是全球食品安全管理最严苛的地区之一。近年来,欧盟连续撤销多种农药的登记授权,并将相关农药残留限量(MRLs)降低至定量限(LOQ)水平,对农产品的国际贸易产生了重要影响。世界贸易组织(WTO)成员对欧盟农药残留管控措施的关注度也越来越高。本文收集整理了1995年至2022年间WTO成员提出的与欧盟农药残留管控相关的“卫生与植物卫生措施特别贸易关注(specific trade concerns on sanitary and phytosanitary measures,SPS STCs)”议题,系统梳理了WTO成员对欧盟农药残留管控措施的关注情况,包括关注议题数量、提出关注议题的成员、涉及的管控措施类型、产品种类及解决情况,总结分析了WTO成员对欧盟农药残留管控措施的主要关注点,并尝试提出了相应的应对思考建议。

农业产业化联合体联农带农的嵌入式发展机制研究

农业产业化联合体促进小农户衔接现代农业是其功能彰显的应有之义。基于嵌入性视角,对四川林县橘香农业产业化联合体衔接小农户的生产性服务体系构建机制进行分析。该联合体经历了初步联合规模户、融入农民合作社和龙头企业引领共生三个阶段,力求实现农资采购、技术标准和销售服务环节的“三统一”。在此过程中,为了缩短龙头企业和本地农户的社会距离,联合体通过行政嵌入形成合作型产业治理、通过关系嵌入融入乡土社会、通过文化嵌入适应农户生计发展和通过认知嵌入增强农户对联合体运行稳定性预期。龙头企业在与乡土社会的良性互动中完成了“外来者”到“本地人”的身份转化,实现了联合体联农带农的目标。

昆仑山北坡区域高质量发展面临的问题、机遇与挑战

昆仑山北坡区域是新时代维护国家安全的重要战略部署区和“丝绸之路经济带”核心区关键通道,战略地位十分突出。但由于历史和自然的原因,该区域经济发展相对滞后。系统分析显示,昆仑山北坡区域目前存在的水资源利用上线偏低、水利工程建设严重滞后、城镇化进程缓慢、产业布局相对单一且缺少重要产业布局,以及区域高质量发展动能不足等问题,结合区域自然环境特点和发展机遇,提出加快构建经济带城市群体系,打造多产业协同发展的昆仑山北坡经济带,大幅提升水资源上线和水利工程管控能力,为昆仑山北坡农业提质增效提供水资源保障,系统打造昆仑山北坡农-林-牧复合基地,构建多元化食物供给体系,以能补水,提升资源综合利用效率,通过兵地优势互补、资源共享,加快推进昆仑山北坡经济带建设和高质量发展等建议。研究成果可为加快昆仑山北坡经济带生态安全和高质量发展提供科技支撑。

《农业环境科学学报》2023年刊出论文简评

本文简要地介绍了《农业环境科学学报》2023年刊出的论文涉及的研究领域,关注的热点农业环境问题,重点介绍了《学报》新视角与前沿、专论与综述、环境健康与农产品安全、土壤环境、水体环境和水产环境栏目发表论文的情况,并展望了这些领域的研究方向。

新质生产力赋能农业生态产品价值实现:理论逻辑与实现路径

以新质生产力赋能农业生态产品价值实现,是牢固树立和践行“绿水青山就是金山银山”发展理念和推进乡村生态振兴的内在要求。本文基于对农业生态产品及其多维价值的内涵解析,从农业生态产品价值实现的政策演变、实践推进及面临的困境方面,分析了新质生产力赋能农业生态产品价值实现的现实需求,并运用产权理论、技术进步理论、信息不对称理论、创新扩散理论、制度变迁理论、需求理论和消费者行为理论阐述了新质生产力赋能农业生态产品价值实现的理论逻辑。通过对现有农业生态产品价值实现的成功案例进行分析,从贯彻生态优先理念、推动技术创新应用、协调多主体合作以及保证政策与金融支持方面总结新质生产力赋能农业生态产品价值实现的共同做法,并从农业生态产品的有效供给、需求拉动和生态产品价值实现的保障机制3方面探究新质生产力赋能农业生态产品价值实现的路径。

Factors influencing near infrared spectroscopy analysis of agro-products: a review

The near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy technique has wide applications in agriculture with the advantages of being nondestructive, sensitive, safe and rapid. However, there are still more than 40 error sources influencing the robustness and accuracy of its calibration and operation. Environmental, sample and instrument factors that influence the analysis are discussed in this review, including temperature, humidity and other factors that introduce uncertainty. Error sources from livestock products, fruit and vegetables, which are the most common objects in the field of NIR analysis, are also emphasized in the second part. In addition, studies utilizing different instruments, spectral pretreatments, variable selection methods, wavelength ranges, detection modes and calibration methods are tabulated to illustrate the complications they introduce and how they influence NIR analysis. It is suggested that large scale of data with abundant varieties can be used to build a more robust calibration model, in order to improve the robustness and accuracy of the NIR analytical model, and overcome problems caused by confining analysis to too many uniform samples.

基于农业全产业链的农业生态产品供给研究:作用机理、障碍因素、优化路径

针对企业供给主体,以新疆4地州市11个乡镇为主要研究区域,通过问卷调查的方式以及Logistic回归模型分析农业生态产品供给障碍因素。结果表明,企业对农业生态产品的深度开发程度、企业质量安全意识、企业对产品品牌管理与维护、销售市场发达程度、消费者消费能力水平、消费者对农业生态产品的认知程度以及政府对企业政策支持力度对农业生态产品供给有显著正向影响,农业生态产品的生产成本、生产技术工艺与企业供给意愿成反比。最后提出完善农业生态产品相关政策、健全农业生态产品营销体系、加强农业生态产品品牌建设、扩大农业生态产品宣传力度的对策建议。

甘肃省农牧交错区典型样带家畜生产系统碳平衡

评估甘肃省农牧交错区典型样带的家畜碳平衡,以猪、牛、羊为研究对象,通过将家畜按月龄分为4个阶段,运用生命周期法,评估1991-2020年家畜碳排放规律和2016-2020年农牧交错区不同地区相同月龄的家畜生产系统的碳排放、碳吸收和碳平衡值,单因素方差分析不同区域家畜的碳平衡差异性.结果表明:(1)近30年碌曲县家畜的碳排放要远高于安定区和临夏县.(2)近5年来碌曲县7-12月龄家畜的平均碳排放量为1.0209×10^(5)kg/t,占碳排放总量的18.45%;安定区为5.273×10^(4)kg/t,占9.52%;临夏县为4.135×10^(4)kg/t,占7.5%.碌曲县家畜碳排放年均增长率为2.02%,临夏县为6.7%,安定区为20.57%.(3)7-18月龄家畜碳平衡值表明,碌曲县的碳源作用显著强于安定区与临夏县(p<0.05),而安定区的碳源作用与临夏县差异无统计学意义(p>0.05).综合对比碌曲县、临夏县和安定区家畜碳平衡值,得出家畜碳源能力随着海拔的升高而显著增强;7-18月龄的家畜是碳排放量贡献最大者,占家畜碳排放总量的75.6%.

农业生产性服务对农业生态效率的影响及作用机制

农业生产性服务通过将技术、信息、人才等有效引入农业生产环节,为实现农业规模化经营,进而为提高农业生态效率提供新路径。本文基于2005—2021年的中国30个省份(自治区、直辖市,不包括香港地区、澳门地区、台湾地区和西藏,下同)面板数据,构建超效率SBM模型测算各省份的农业生态效率,绘制核密度图分析农业生态效率的时间演变趋势,并比较不同地区、不同省份间农业生态效率的差异;采用双向固定模型分析了农业生产性服务对农业生态效率的影响;采用中介效应模型分析了农地经营规模、农业种植结构和农业技术推广的中介作用。结果表明:2005—2021年全国及各区域农业生态效率均呈上升趋势,全国农业生态效率从2005年的0.388上升到2021年的0.893;且几乎始终呈东部地区>西部地区>中部地区的趋势,粮食主销区农业生态效率高于粮食主产区和粮食产销平衡区。各省份间农业生态效率差异较大,其中青海、上海、海南和北京等省(市)农业生态效率一直较高,而山西、安徽、甘肃和江西等省份农业生态效率一直较低。农业生产性服务显著提高了农业生态效率,在进行多种稳健性检验后,结果仍然成立;中介效应的估计结果表明,农业生产性服务能够通过扩大农地经营规模、调整农业种植结构和促进农业技术推广提高农业生态效率;相较于其他地区,农业生产性服务对西部地区和粮食产销平衡区的农业生态效率提高作用更加明显。因此,为提高农业生态效率,应进一步完善农业生产性服务体系,促进农地规模经营,健全耕地保护补贴机制,防止耕地“非粮化”,完善农机装备技术创新。

江苏省优势农产品国际竞争力提升路径分析

基于2012—2020年江苏省农产品加工业的进出口贸易情况,该文剖析了江苏省农产品加工业的出口规模和出口结构,选择并测算了能从不同角度反映一国/地区农产品国际竞争力的四种指标,通过对比分析江苏省与全国及两大农产品出口省份的差距,明确了江苏农产品的国际竞争力现状,并针对江苏农产品国际竞争力不足但发展空间及潜力巨大的现状,通过与全球农产品出口大国美国和法国的农产品国际竞争力进行比较,探讨了提升江苏优势农产品国际竞争力的有效路径。

江苏省农产品加工业的发展定位和优势

基于江苏省农产品加工业的发展现状,剖析了江苏省农产品加工业的竞争优势,并明确了其发展定位和思路。选择波特模型竞争优势理论对江苏省农产品加工业的竞争优势进行剖析。研究表明,江苏省农产品加工业在生产要素、需求条件、相关产业和支持产业的表现及制度环境方面目前存在一些有利的因素,但在企业战略与竞争优势方面仍面临一些困境。最后,提出推进江苏省农产品加工业发展的8项对策建议,以统筹规划,加快发展,建设农产品加工业大省,为乡村振兴赋能添彩。

饲用小黑麦与豆科作物混作生产性能及饲用品质分析

为寻求适于青海省农牧交错区推广的高产优质禾豆混作饲草生产模式,本研究以小黑麦(×Triticale Wittmack)、饲用蚕豆(Vicia faba)、饲用豌豆(Pisum sativum)、箭筈豌豆(Vicia sativa)和毛苕子(Vicia villosa)为研究对象,对小黑麦和4种豆科作物单作及不同比例混作下的物候期、株高、生产性能和饲用品质进行综合分析。结果表明:小黑麦与豆科作物混作,显著影响豆科作物物候期和株高(P<0.05),对小黑麦物候期和株高无显著影响(P>0.05);M处理(小黑麦150 kg·hm^(−2)+箭筈豌豆150 kg·hm^(−2))的总干重达8500.4 kg·hm^(−2),显著高于其他处理,其混作优势较强。混作处理的粗蛋白与小黑麦单作间无显著差异,而粗脂肪、可溶性糖、粗纤维、无氮浸出物、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量大多表现为混作处理高于小黑麦单作;通过主成分分析、隶属函数分析综合评价得出小黑麦与豆科作物最优混作组合和最佳混作播量为小黑麦150 kg·hm^(−2)+箭筈豌豆150 kg·hm^(−2),可在青海省农牧交错区推广试用,以期为农牧交错区优质饲草高效生产提供理论依据和技术支撑。

新质生产力赋能农文旅产业发展

着眼于中国式现代化建设与乡村振兴战略的全局,农文旅产业发展已成为新时代产业发展的内在要求。新质生产力赋能农文旅新业态与新模式;优化传统农文旅产业的构建;明晰农文旅产业的生态文明观;助力区域一体化和乡村振兴建设。农文旅产业的新质生产力转型为农文旅产业的高质量发展既建构了要素机制,也提供了现实路径。新质生产力赋能农文旅产业以注入科技元素为基础,促进农文旅要素优化与发展创新;以整合多样资源为抓手,拓展农文旅产业发展的平台空间;以增强人文效应为突破,营造健康绿色的农文旅发展环境;以人才建设为根基,推动农文旅产业的可持续性发展。