Research on Silicon Carbide Dispersion-Reinforced Hypereutectic Aluminum-Silicon Electronic Packaging Materials

The objective of this study is to improve the mechanical properties and machining performance of high thermal conductivity and low expansion silicon carbide dispersion-strengthened hypereutectic aluminum-silicon electronic packaging materials to meet the needs of aviation,aerospace,and electronic packaging fields.We used the powder metallurgy method and high-temperature hot pressing technology to prepare SiC/Al-Si composite materials with different SiC contents(5vol%,10vol%,15vol%,and 20vol%).The results showed that as the SiC content increased,the tensile strength of the composite material first increased and then decreased.The tensile strength was the highest when the SiC content was 15%;the sintering temperature significantly affected the composite material’s structural density and mechanical properties.Findings indicated 700℃was the optimal sintering and the optimal SiC content of SiC/Al-Si composite materials was between 10%and 15%.Besides,the sintering temperature should be strictly controlled to improve the material’s structural density and mechanical properties.

Archival Examination of the Change in Packaging Materials of Chemical Injections

Based on the deepening awareness of the risk of changing packaging materials of injections,the national regulatory authorities and the China National Pharmaceutical Packaging Association have issued the relevant guidelines and group standards for changing packaging materials in recent years,greatly improving the research and development and technical requirements of packaging materials of injections.In 2021,Guangdong Province carried out the archival examination of the change of listed drugs,among which the proportion of the acceptance of changed injection packaging materials has increased year by year.On the basis of sorting out the archival examination work and combining with the cases of changing packaging materials of chemical injections accepted by Guangdong Province during 2021-2022,the requirements and problems of archival examination were analyzed and discussed to provide a reference and idea for applicants when studying the change in packaging materials.

Research Status and Prospects of Bio-based Materials for Grease Barrier Coatings on Paper Food Packaging

Increased environmental and health concerns over the use of plastic packaging or fluorine-containing coatings,in combination with increased market demand for products with a longer shelf life,make bio-based materials one of the most important research candidates for alternative paper packaging materials for oil resistance.These bio-based materials have excellent oxygen and oil barriers,which are critical for food packaging.Moreover,they are biodegradable,naturally renewable,and safe.In this artical,two main groups of bio-based oil repellents for paper food packaging,including polysaccharide-based biopolymers and protein-based biopolymers,are enumerated,and the advantages and weaknesses of bio-based oil repellents are discussed,and effective solutions are proposed.Finally,research status and prospects on the development of bio-based oil-resistant coatings for the food packaging industry are presented.

Effect of Packaging Material on Piezoelectric Response of Sensor with Electrospinning Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) Nanofiber Web

The polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF)nanofiber web by electrospinning technology has the characteristics of fast response,high sensitivity,wide range of pressure,etc.,and provides new sensitive materials for the sensor testing the dynamic pressure such as foot pressure during walking.Because of the nanofiber mesh structure,it must be packaged to collect piezoelectric charge and bear strong mechanical behavior before industrial practice.The PVDF nanofiber web is usually packaged by incorporating a pair of flexible electrode as well as the lead of signal output.This present work will introduce the detailed packaging process and technology of PVDF nanofiber web,and three different types of packaging electrode materials(adhesive copper foil tape,indium tin oxide(ITO)thin plate,and adhesive conductive cloth)in previously published literatures are compared by the piezoelectric response of their sensor prototypes to a periodic mechanical activation.The results showed that the surface property of packaging material had a significant effect on the piezoelectric response of sensor by PVDF nanofiber web.For PVDF nanofiber web sensor,therefore,it needed a deep investigation on the specific packaging technology in terms of different working conditions.

Borate-Modified,Flame-Retardant Paper Packaging Materials for Archive Conservation

Paper packaging materials like cardboards are widely used to protect archives which are a major kind of cultural relics.Unfortunately,paper is a combustible material,and thus exploring environment-friendly flame retardant for paper-based archive packaging material plays an important role.Herein,boric acid,borax and disodium octaborate are used to modify the craft paper-based packaging materials for archive conservation to improve fire safety.The modified craft paper exhibits much higher flame retardancy than the pristine one dose based on vertical burning tests,without much influence on mechanical properties such as tensile strength and elongation at break.Thermogravimetric analysis(TGA),scanning electron microscope(SEM),and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)reveal that porous glass structure is formed during the combustion,because thermal decomposition of boric acid,borax and disodium octaborate will produce porous glassy matter as B_(2)O_(3).The porous glass covers the paper surface as an insulating layer which retards the further pyrolysis and combustion,resulting in a denser carbon layer.Our study provides a robust way to reduce the fire hazard of the archive packaging material by applying environment-friendly boron-based fire retardants.

Thermal diffusivity of light-emitting diode packaging material determined by photoacoustic piezoelectric technique

Thermal property is one of the most important properties of light-emitting diode (LED).Thermal property of LED packaging material determines the heat dissipations of the phosphor and the chip surface,accordingly having an influence on the light-emitting efficiency and the life-span of the device.In this paper,photoacoustic piezoelectric (PAPE) technique has been employed to investigate the thermal properties of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and silicon dioxide,which are the new and the traditional packaging materials in white LED,respectively.Firstly,the theory of PAPE technique has been developed for two-layer model in order to investigate soft materials;secondly,the experimental system has been set up and adjusted by measuring the reference sample;thirdly,the thermal diffusivities of PVA and silicon dioxide are measured and analysed.The experimental results show that PVA has a higher thermal diffusivity than silicon dioxide and is a better packaging material in the sense of thermal diffusivity for white LED.

The Packaging Materials with Carbon Nanotube/Polymer Composites

A polymer-based carbon nano-tubes (CNTs) composite with high electromagnetic (EM) wave shielding effectiveness (SE) and with high mechanical property is developed for packaging of electronic modulus or devices.The liquid crystal polymers (LCP) and melamine formaldehydes (MF) polymer are used to study the orientation effect of CNTs in various polymeric matrix.The influences of orientation,aspect ratio,and mass fraction of CNTs upon the shielding effectiveness (SE) of CNTs-composites are investigated.The higher the orientation,aspect ratio,and weight percentages of nano-materials are, the higher the SE of the carbon composites.The highest SE for the CNTs/LCP nano composite obtained is more than 62 dB. This results may lead to the developing for CPU IC chip packaging.

A Perspective on Human Exposures to Plastics Additives in Water-Packaging Materials

Plastic and polymer additives (PA) have unique rational advantages for various water and food packaging applications. However, their (bio)chemical natures are recently recognized for their negative human health impacts. The major adverse consequence of these additives in consumer products is in the form of endocrine-disruption related health-downgrades. Such findings still remain underappreciated in most parts globally;part of which could be ascribed to fragmented studies towards better understanding on the occurrence, release and migration, human exposure, epidemiology and risk assessment of PA from packaging materials. In addition there is limited and disconnected dissemination of research findings on PA effects and mitigation measures to society at present. In light of appropriateness of this topic, a trans-disciplinary research agenda is required for addressing exposure routes to PA, human health burden and prevention measures. This perspective article discusses important research questions relating to PA, which try to shed light to a grey scientific area and help increase consumers’ awareness and intervention to such exposures.

Microbial Load (Bacteria, Coliform and Mould Count/Flora) of Some Common Hot Smoked Freshwater Fish Species Using Different Packaging Materials

Three different packaging materials of (37 cm × 25 cm) size (Sealed Transparent Polythene Bag (STPB) Sealed Paper Bag (SPB) (Brown envelope), Open Mouth Polythene Bag (OMPB) (Black incolour)) were used for Oreochromisniloticus (O), Clariasgariepinus (C) and Mormyrusrume (M). Twenty fish samples per species (averaging 250 gm) were hot smoked dried whole for 36 hours at an average temperature of 100?C. Packaged hot at the rate of 6 fishes per package for each species (three packs for each packaging treatment i.e. 18 pieces were packed while the remaining 2 pieces were used for initial bacteria load and microbial load). Microbial load (Total Viable Count (TVC), Total Coliform Count (TCC) and Total Fungi Count (TFC)) for the fresh fish was initial hot smoked and finally at the end of 12 weeks was monitored. The TVC (bacterial load) of O. niloticus dropped from (10.6 - 8.4) × 104 (fresh state-hot smoked) and M. rume (9.8 - 7.0) × 104, while C. gariepinus slightly increased from (12.4 - 12.6) × 104. After hot smoking, highest TVC of 8.6 × 104 (OMPBC), 8.3 × 104 (SPBC) and 8.2 × 104 (STPBC) were recorded in C. gariepinus among the 9 packag- ing at 12 weeks. However highest tendency for heavy TVC is in all OMPB with highest bacteria load in the OMPBC (8.6 × 104), 7.6 × 104 (OMPBO) and 6.6 × 104 (OMPBM). After 12 weeks highest ranged TFC of (0.6 - 0.7) × 104 was recorded in M. rume as against 0.2 × 104 recorded in the initial smoked for all. TCC was highest in C. gariepinus (4.0 - 4.3) × 104. Packaging did not limit the existence of micro-organisms. Six bacteria species (Micrococcus (acidiophilus, luteus), Bacillus (subtilis, cereus, aureus), Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus lactis, Proteus (vulgaricus, morganii), Pseudomonas aureginosa) and three fungi species (Aspergillus (niger, tamari), Rhizopusnigricans, fusariumoxysporum) were represented in all the packages. On the average five bacteria and two fungi species were represented, excepting for OMPBM and OMPBO with six bacteria species.

Study of the packaging materials and the structural renewal of"Snow Bud"in Shutao Company

The improved"Snow Bud"packaging mainly includes the medium packing and the external packaging,with the cuboid as the main structure,and the paper as the main material.The inner packaging uses the tin foil paper bag.Because of the thin thickness of the carton used and the problems in colors,patterns,character design,structures and other aspects,the purpose of the improvement is to use the new structures to enhance the practical functions of the packaging and to explore the application of the new materials in the tea packaging.

Literature Review of Electronic Packaging Technology and Residual Stress

The rapid development of the electronic information industry brings to the irreplaceable role of electronic components, therefore the search of a more reliable packaging material has become increasingly important. In the electronic packaging system, the failure phenomenon caused by residual stress is one of the key factors restricting the development of electronic packaging technology. In order to use the in-situ characterization technology to explore the residual stress inducing mechanism and failure mechanism of epoxy-based advanced packaging materials, this paper gives a review of related previous research, and lays a theoretical foundation for the upcoming research. The classification and generation mechanism of residual stress are clarified in this paper, which provides data support for future related research.

Environmental-friendly Ramming Materials for Mud Package and Taphole of Large-scaled Blast Furnaces

The compositions,structures and properties of environmental-friendly ramming materials for mud package and taphole of large-scaled blast furnaces were studied.The results show that the formation of silica fibers makes structure of ramming materials dense.During the process of extruding mud and ramming materials,SiC is partly oxidized;CaO,Fe2O3 and carbon penetrate towards the outer wall.The improvement of ramming materials can inhibit the penetration of molten slag,iron and carbon.The bulk density of environmental-friendly ramming materials dried at 200℃ is 2.90 g·cm-3,the cold compressive strength of this kind of ramming materials dried at 200℃ is about 17.0 MPa and fired at 1 450℃ is about 39.2 MPa.

Smart Material软件在海工平台建造中的应用研究

本文探讨了基于鹰图公司Smart Material软件,通过特定的配置有效解决"来料加工"型国外石油石化工程建造项目的材料管理问题。以配管专业为例,结合海洋石油工程(青岛)公司的特点提出了具体应用方案,实现材料按照优先级进行图料匹配,引入了超发和补发的做法实现"工完料尽场地清"的目标,并能对设计变更导致的材料"退"与"补"做出快速而准确地处理。

Interfacial microstructure and properties of diamond/Cu-xCr composites for electronic packaging applications

Diamond/Cu-xCr composites were fabricated by pressure infiltration process.The thermal conductivities of diamond/Cu-xCr(x = 0.1,0.5,0.8) composites were above 650 W/mK,higher than that of diamond/Cu composites.The tensile strengths ranged from 186 to 225 MPa,and the bonding strengths ranged from 400 to 525 MPa.Influences of Cr element on the thermo-physical properties and interface structures were analyzed.The intermediate layer was confirmed as Cr3C2 and the amount of Cr3C2 increased with the increase of Cr concentration in Cu-xCr alloys.When the Cr concentration was up to 0.5 wt.%,the content of the Cr3C2 layer was constant.As the thickness of the Cr3C2 layer became larger,the composites showed a lower thermal conductivity but higher mechanical properties.The coefficients of thermal expansion(CTE) of diamond/Cu-xCr(x = 0.1,0.5,0.8) composites were in good agreement with the predictions of the Kerner' model.

Celulose Paper-based Strapping Products for Green/Sustainable Packaging Needs

Paper products such as corrugated paperboards are the most common green packaging materials, which are renewable, sustainable, recyclable and biodegradable. However, the plastic or metal straps used to secure the carton boxes are not so green. At the end of packaging, the carton boxes can be recycled, but the plastic/metal straps have to be sorted out for disposal separately. This review focuses on: 1) the global trend of green packaging;2) conventional plastic/metal strapping materials for carton boxes;3) conventional market pulp baling with steel wire as the tying materials;4) cellulose fiber-based materials for strapping market pulp bales and carton boxes. New generation of cellulose paper straps are being developed for more challenging applications with superior strength properties and repulpability.

Development of Antioxidant Packaging Film Based on Chinese Bayberry Tannin Extract and Polyvinyl Alcohol

The current work explores the potential use of commercial Chinese bayberry tannin(BT)to develop antioxidant PVA-based films using solvent casting process for packaging applications.The effect of BT concentration on opa-city,water resistance and antioxidant capacity of resulting films was investigated.Properties like tensile strength,thermal behavior,and morphological aspects were also characterized.The experimental results showed that PVA/BT films formed with uniformly brown color and generally good transparency,offering good antioxidant ability.The PVA film containing BT presented slightly higher water resistance according to the results of moisture content and water vapor permeability,especially at low BT content(<10 wt%).The PVA can be compounded with up to 10 wt%BT without any obvious deterioration in the tensile strength.The PVA/BT films exhibited better thermal degradation behavior compared with PVA alone because of the chemical bonds of PVA-BT and the for-mation of char at high temperature.Based on the results,PVA incorporated with Chinese bayberry tannin may provide broader formulation options for packaging materials with antioxidant action.

Flash Lamp Annealing Method for Improving Adhesion Strength on the Dielectric Material and Reducing Substrate Warpage

Today’s electronic devices have required higher performance properties for 5G and artificial intelligence(AI).High-performance system on chip(SOC),graphic processing unit(GPU),and central processing unit(CPU)requires advanced packages to meet demands for performance,size,and high-speed transmission.To respond to these demands,integration approaches such as 3D IC chip stacking,package on package(PoP),2.5D interposer integration,system-in-package(SiP),and fan-out packaging technologies have emerged[6,8,11,12].Therefore,the package substrate for high-performance device will require low transmission loss and the small package warpage.Low loss materials have limitation of seed layer formation with electroless Cu plating.Also,heat treatment has major impact on substrate warpage in order for growth of plated Cu metal and curing for epoxy mold compound(EMC)process.In this paper,we believe it is possible to create a seed layer on the low-loss material by combining electroless Cu plating and flash lamp annealing(FLA)method instead of sputtering process.In terms of warpage control and metal growth,the flash lamp treatment,not the conventional convection or hot plate type heat treatment,could improve electro-migration between metal line and line through improving large number of(111)slip directions.In addition,flash lamp not only provides alternative to conventional heat treatment process but also significantly reduces substrate warpage.Through result of this study,by using FLA method for advanced package,it is possible to provide solutions in improving adhesion strength between dielectric materials and deposited metal film,and to reduce the warpage of the substrate.

微胶囊化植物精油在果蔬保鲜包装中的应用

植物精油的天然抑菌性和抗氧化活性使其在果蔬保鲜领域有着广泛的应用前景。然而,植物精油具有强烈气味、易挥发等缺点,应用效果不佳。微胶囊技术可以掩盖精油的强烈气味,保持其化学稳定性,且具有缓释效果,可以更好地发挥植物精油在果蔬保鲜包装方面的优良性能。介绍了植物精油的抑菌活性、抗氧化活性以及植物精油微胶囊的芯材、壁材和常用的制备方法,对植物精油微胶囊保鲜剂控释包装、复合保鲜薄膜包装和可食性涂膜包装在果蔬保鲜包装方面的研究现状进行综述,以期为微胶囊化植物精油在果蔬保鲜包装方面的进一步研究与应用提供参考。

增强体表面改性在高导热金属基复合材料中的应用

随着电子技术的高速发展和电子器件的更新换代,电子封装材料的性能需求越来越高。金属基复合材料,尤其是铝基和铜基复合材料具有高导热、低膨胀、高稳定性等特点,是具有广阔应用前景的电子封装材料。然而,金刚石、石墨烯、硅等增强体与基体的润湿性差,或者在高温下与基体发生有害的界面反应,限制了此类高导热金属基复合材料的开发和应用。本文简述了金属基复合材料的界面研究进展,结合影响金属基复合材料界面结合的因素,提出了几种改善界面结合的方法。增强体表面改性是改善金属基复合材料界面的重要途径之一,常用工艺有磁控溅射法、化学气相沉积法、溶胶凝胶法、化学镀法等;最后,对增强体表面改性在高热导金属基复合材料中的应用进行分析和展望。