Three-Dimensional Discrete Observability Analysis for Air-to-Air Missile Target Tracking

The interception information of infrared（ IR）-guided air-to-air missiles（ AAM） is mainly estimated only using the basic bearing measurements. In order to intercept highly maneuverable targets,it is essential to study the system observability to improve the target tracking system performance.The uniqueness of this paper is that the observability analysis is derived based on a discrete three-dimensional （3D） system model. During the maneuvering scenario,the system is approximated by a segment-by-segment system. The relationship between missile-target motion and observability is given by direct and dual approaches. Meanwhile sufficient observability conditions are derived. Moreover,a numerical simulation is conducted and an alternate method is provided to reinforce the proposed observability analysis results.

Data fusion control and guidance of surface-to-air missile under the complex circumstance based on neural-net technology

Under the complicated electromagnetism circumstance, the model of data fusion control and guidance of surface-to-air missile weapon systems is established. Such ways and theories as Elman-NN, radar tracking and filter＇s data fusion net based on the group method for data-processing （GMRDF） are applied to constructing the model of data fusion. The highly reliable state estimation of the tracking targets and the improvement in accuracy of control and guidance are obtained. The purpose is optimization design of data fusion control and guidance of surface-to-air missile weapon systems and improving the fighting effectiveness of surface-to-air missile weapon systems.

Distributed Air &Missile Defense with Spatial Grasp Technology

A high-level technology is revealed that can effectively convert any distributed system into a globally programmable machine capable of operating without central resources and self-recovering from indiscriminate damages. Integral mission scenarios in Distributed Scenario Language (DSL) can be injected from any point, runtime covering & grasping the whole system or its parts, setting operational infrastructures, and orienting local and global behavior in the way needed. Many operational scenarios can be simultaneously injected into this spatial machine from different points, cooperating or competing over the shared distributed knowledge as overlapping fields of solutions. Distributed DSL interpreter organization and benefits of using this technology for integrated air and missile defense are discussed along with programming examples in this and other fields.

A Variational Method for the Fuse-Warhead Coordination Design of an Air-Faced Missile

This paper presents a variational method for the fuse-warhead coordination design of an air-faced missile, which takes the distribution density of fragments for a variable and the totalprobability of kill of single missile against an air-target for an objective function.

Air and Missile Defense Under Spatial Grasp Technology

A novel control ideology and technology for solving tasks in large distributed networked systems will be briefed. Based on active scenarios self-navigating and self-matching distributed spaces in a highly organized super-virus mode, it can effectively establish global control over large systems of any natures. The technology can use numerous scattered and dissimilar facilities in an integral and holistic way, allowing them to work together in goal-driven supercomputer mode. The approach can be useful for advanced air and missile defense in a variety of ways which is described and explained in this paper.

Distributed Control Technology for Air and Missile Defence Operations

This paper relates to accepted presentation at international conference Air and Missile Defence Technology,November 16-17,2022,London UK(day two),reflecting contents of the presentation slides.It describes applications of the patented and internationally tested Spatial Grasp Technology(SGT)and its Spatial Grasp Language(SGL)for Integrated Air and Missile Defense(IAMD).Based on holistic space navigation and processing by recursive mobile code self-spreading in distributed words,SGT differs radically from traditional management of large systems as consisting of parts exchanging messages.The dynamic network of SGL interpreters can be arbitrarily large and cover terrestrial and celestial environments as powerful spatial engines.The paper contains an example of tracking and destruction of multiple cruise missiles by self-evolving spatial intelligence in SGL using networks of radar stations.It also briefs the growing multiple satellite constellation in Low Earth Orbits(LEO)for potential IAMD applications.Starting from Strategic Defense Initiative(SDI)of the past and then briefing the latest project of Space Development Agency,the paper shows SGL solutions for discovery,tracking,and destroying ballistic missiles and hypersonic gliders with the use of collectively behaving constellations of LEO satellites.It also shows how to organize higher levels of supervision of groups of mobile chasers fighting multiple targets(both potentially as missiles or drones),by providing their global awareness even consciousness in SGL which can drastically improve their performance.The latest version of SGT can be implemented on any platforms and put into operation in a short time,similarly to its previous versions in different countries.

Fire Distribution of Integrated Missile-gun Air Defense System Based on Earlier Damage Criterion

The fire distribution can be divided into weapon assignment and firing time scheduling. The criterion of weapon allocation is that a target with greater threat has higher priority. And the criterion of firing time scheduling is that a target can be damaged with the expected probability before a specific time. A fire distribution scheme and a program for the integrated missile-gun air defense system based on a criterion of earlier damage were presented. An example was taken to illustrate its effectiveness.

Bayes Estimation of Parameter for the Safety Component Failure Model of the Safe Arming System of Missile

A Bayesian method is used to evaluate the component safety failure model parameter of the safe arming system of an air faced missile in flight. It was proved that Bayes estimation of the model parameter is coincident with the physical explanation of the prior probability density distribution of the random parameter.

Study on Anti-ship Missile Saturation Attack Model

Based on the analysis for the interception process of ship-to-air missile system to the anti-ship missile stream, the antagonism of ship-to-air missile and anti-ship missile stream was modeled by Monte Carlo method. This model containing the probability of acquiring anti-ship missile, threat estimation, firepower distribution, interception, effectiveness evaluation and firepower turning, can dynamically simulate the antagonism process of anti-ship missile attack stream and anti-air missile weapon system. The anti-ship missile's saturation attack stream for different ship-to-air missile systems can be calculated quantitatively. The simulated results reveal the relations among the anti-ship missile saturation attack and the attack intensity of anti-ship missile, interception mode and the main parameters of anti-air missile weapon system. It provides a theoretical basis for the effective operation of anti-ship missile.

空空导弹海洋大气自然环境试验研究

针对空空导弹随航母服役需求和海洋大气自然环境适应性风险,结合相关标准和研制经验,对空空导弹海洋大气自然环境试验方案设计流程、方法及要点进行了研究。提出了一套空空导弹海洋大气自然环境试验方案,可用于指导新研型号科学有效地开展自然环境试验,为回答空空导弹海洋大气自然环境适应性指标提供了支撑。空空导弹应系统策划海洋大气自然环境试验,以尽早暴露问题,实现产品设计改进,为上舰环境适应性的提高奠定基础。同时,还应大力开展自然加速环境试验技术和动态自然环境试验技术研究工作。

基于深度强化学习的舰船导弹目标分配方法

针对对抗环境下的海上舰船防空反导导弹目标分配问题,本文提出了一种融合注意力机制的深度强化学习算法.首先,构建了舰船多类型导弹目标分配模型,并结合目标多波次拦截特点将问题建模为马尔可夫决策过程.接着,基于编码器–解码器框架搭建强化学习策略网络,融合多头注意力机制对目标进行编码,并在解码中结合整体目标和单个目标编码信息实现舰船可靠的导弹目标分配.最后,对导弹目标分配收益、分配时效以及策略网络训练过程进行了仿真实验.实验结果表明,本文方法能生成高收益的导弹目标分配方案,相较于对比算法的大规模决策计算速度提高10%~94%,同时其策略网络能够快速稳定收敛.

2023年国外空地导弹发展动态研究

2023年,世界军事强国大力投资并积极推动空地导弹的研发和实战化应用。本文对国外典型空地导弹的最新发展动态进行了总结,如美国的AGM-158联合空面防区外导弹(JASSM)、防区内攻击武器(SiAW)、AGM-183A高超声速导弹、AGM-182A高超声速攻击巡航导弹(HACM),英国的“矛”(SPEAR)导弹,俄罗斯的Kh-38多用途导弹、“匕首”高超声速导弹,以色列的“破冰者”(Ice Breaker)导弹等。同时对国外空地导弹的体系化协同作战、低成本系列化发展、电磁作战能力、高超声速领域激烈的竞争态势、打造数字工程生态系统等发展特点进行了总结和分析。

2023年国外空空导弹发展动态研究

全面介绍了2023年国外空空导弹最新发展情况,重点论述了美国的AIM-9X、AIM-120、AIM-260、“远射”项目、模块化先进导弹、“突变”项目,欧洲的ASRAAM、IRIS-T、“流星”导弹和创新导弹技术,以及俄罗斯的RVV-MD2,日本的JNAAM,以色列的“天空之矛”,印度的“阿斯特拉”等空空导弹最新研制进展和试验情况,最后总结空空导弹的最新发展特点。

空空导弹上舰制动冲脱安全性评估方法研究

空空导弹的火工及动力部件在制动冲脱条件下的安全性,是制约空空导弹上舰的关键因素之一,而实际应用上还没有能定量评估制动冲脱条件下弹药安全性的方法。本文基于FLL点火判据,依托大样本的标准件试验以及小样本的整机制动冲脱试验,建立了制动冲脱弹药安全性评估方法,解决了无法定量评估制动冲脱弹药安全性的技术难题,并结合制动冲脱试验数据,提供了评估计算实例,评估计算结果与实际试验结果较吻合。

基于节点重要性和改进效能环的防空反导预警体系能力评估

针对防空反导预警体系能力评估中存在的现实性较弱、考虑异质特性较少和能力计算不够全面等问题,提出基于节点重要性和改进效能环的体系能力评估方法。依托超网络模型对体系结构进行抽象建模,给出具有现实意义的效能环模型。从网络全局和局部节点的重要性出发,根据节点之间相互影响关系对效能边进行分析,并结合节点的重要性和可靠性提出体系的能力期望,从而改进基于效能环的体系能力评估方法。反导预警作战的案例仿真分析结果表明:新方法具有可行性与合理性,充分考虑了防空反导预警体系的现实特性和装备的异质特征,能够较全面地评估体系作战能力,为体系的能力评估和结构优化提供理论支撑。

基于残差密集连接注意力的红外目标识别算法

针对红外目标识别时目标与干扰混淆、干扰遮挡目标导致算法性能下降的问题,提出了一种基于残差密集连接注意力的空中红外目标识别算法。首先,为跨层实现浅层与深层特征的融合、获取融合深度特征、提升特征复用性并增强语义信息,提出了改进的残差密集连接模块;其次,为增强融合深度特征的自适应表达能力,设计了并行混合注意力模块;最后,通过在大量红外数据集上的测试证明,相比于GoogLeNet算法,所提算法平均识别正确率提高了1.9个百分点,证明了算法的有效性。

OPTIMIZATION FOR COMBAT CONFIGURATION OF AIR DEFENSE WEAPON SYSTEMS

At evaluating the combat effectiveness of the defense system, target′s probability to penetrate the defended area is a primary care taking index. In this paper, stochastic model to compete the probability that target penetrates the defended area along any flight path is established by the state analysis and statistical equilibrium analysis of stochastic service system theory. The simulated annealing algorithm is an enlightening random search method based on Monte Carlo recursion, and it can find global optimal solution by simulating annealing process. Combining stochastic model to compete the probability and simulated annealing algorithm, this paper establishes the method to solve problem quantitatively about combat configuration optimization of weapon systems. The calculated result shows that the perfect configuration for fire cells of the weapon is fast found by using this method, and this quantificational method for combat configuration is faster and more scientific than previous one based on principle via map fire field.

层叠型缓冲靶板对弹载测试仪的保护作用研究

使用空气炮模拟火炮发射时的高过载环境对弹载测试仪进行测试时,弹丸撞击靶板会产生尖峰脉冲对测试仪造成严重的损伤,为提高测试仪的存活性,展开对缓冲靶板层叠方式(不同材质的靶板相互叠加的叠层结构)的研究。通过撞击动力学理论描述弹丸对靶板的压缩和侵彻行为,并结合动量守恒和能量守恒定律计算出靶板参数和传递到靶板上的冲量的关系。使用ANSYS/LS-DYNA建立弹丸正侵彻靶板模型,弹丸速度为200 m/s、质量为5.5 kg,仿真结果表明:3层总厚度450 mm的泡沫铝+泡沫铝+橡胶组合方式能有效消除尖峰脉冲并缩短弹丸对靶板的作用时间,加速度均值约为7 000g,脉宽为2.8 ms。受条件限制,空气炮试验采用弹丸质量为5.5 kg、速度为150 m/s,并将缓冲靶板的单层厚度减小到100 mm,结果表明:在泡沫铝+泡沫铝+橡胶组合方式下,弹丸结构和测试仪功能完好,加速度均值约为27 000g,脉宽为0.55 ms。

基于多目标进化算法的防空导弹武器目标分配

有效的武器目标分配(weapon-target assignment,WTA)方法对减少作战损失,提高防御效果具有重要意义。针对防空资源分配问题建立合理的数学模型,以最大化目标毁伤效能和最小化雷达资源消耗为优化目标,同时考虑雷达通道数上限等多个约束,在基于分解的多目标进化算法(multi-objective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition,MOEA/D)基础上进行改进,种群进化过程中自适应调整交叉与变异的概率以提高个体的质量,最终得到一组可供决策者使用的最优解集。实验结果表明:与其他多目标进化算法相比,该算法能得到适应度更高且分布性良好的结果,能够为防空导弹武器目标分配问题提供可行方案。

强跟踪容积卡尔曼滤波在空空导弹制导中的应用

针对传统滤波算法在处理目标复杂机动时非线性逼近能力不足、跟踪精度下降等问题,提出一种强跟踪容积卡尔曼滤波(STCKF)方法。首先,根据战斗机规避空空导弹的机动特征,建立了蛇形机动和桶滚机动两种目标运动模型;其次,引入强跟踪滤波(STF)以增强容积卡尔曼滤波(CKF)对系统状态突变等不确定因素的能力;然后,将STCKF应用于导弹末制导目标运动参数估计中,并通过与CKF、无迹卡尔曼滤波(UKF)和粒子滤波(PF)的对比仿真分析验证了该方法的有效性。仿真结果表明,STCKF具有较强的鲁棒性和系统自适应能力,尤其在目标机动突变时其跟踪误差相比CKF减小约10%,能够满足空空导弹末制导高精度和快速响应要求。