Three-Dimensional Discrete Observability Analysis for Air-to-Air Missile Target Tracking

The interception information of infrared（ IR）-guided air-to-air missiles（ AAM） is mainly estimated only using the basic bearing measurements. In order to intercept highly maneuverable targets,it is essential to study the system observability to improve the target tracking system performance.The uniqueness of this paper is that the observability analysis is derived based on a discrete three-dimensional （3D） system model. During the maneuvering scenario,the system is approximated by a segment-by-segment system. The relationship between missile-target motion and observability is given by direct and dual approaches. Meanwhile sufficient observability conditions are derived. Moreover,a numerical simulation is conducted and an alternate method is provided to reinforce the proposed observability analysis results.

Data fusion control and guidance of surface-to-air missile under the complex circumstance based on neural-net technology

Under the complicated electromagnetism circumstance, the model of data fusion control and guidance of surface-to-air missile weapon systems is established. Such ways and theories as Elman-NN, radar tracking and filter＇s data fusion net based on the group method for data-processing （GMRDF） are applied to constructing the model of data fusion. The highly reliable state estimation of the tracking targets and the improvement in accuracy of control and guidance are obtained. The purpose is optimization design of data fusion control and guidance of surface-to-air missile weapon systems and improving the fighting effectiveness of surface-to-air missile weapon systems.

Distributed Air &Missile Defense with Spatial Grasp Technology

A high-level technology is revealed that can effectively convert any distributed system into a globally programmable machine capable of operating without central resources and self-recovering from indiscriminate damages. Integral mission scenarios in Distributed Scenario Language (DSL) can be injected from any point, runtime covering & grasping the whole system or its parts, setting operational infrastructures, and orienting local and global behavior in the way needed. Many operational scenarios can be simultaneously injected into this spatial machine from different points, cooperating or competing over the shared distributed knowledge as overlapping fields of solutions. Distributed DSL interpreter organization and benefits of using this technology for integrated air and missile defense are discussed along with programming examples in this and other fields.

A Variational Method for the Fuse-Warhead Coordination Design of an Air-Faced Missile

This paper presents a variational method for the fuse-warhead coordination design of an air-faced missile, which takes the distribution density of fragments for a variable and the totalprobability of kill of single missile against an air-target for an objective function.

Distributed Control Technology for Air and Missile Defence Operations

This paper relates to accepted presentation at international conference Air and Missile Defence Technology,November 16-17,2022,London UK(day two),reflecting contents of the presentation slides.It describes applications of the patented and internationally tested Spatial Grasp Technology(SGT)and its Spatial Grasp Language(SGL)for Integrated Air and Missile Defense(IAMD).Based on holistic space navigation and processing by recursive mobile code self-spreading in distributed words,SGT differs radically from traditional management of large systems as consisting of parts exchanging messages.The dynamic network of SGL interpreters can be arbitrarily large and cover terrestrial and celestial environments as powerful spatial engines.The paper contains an example of tracking and destruction of multiple cruise missiles by self-evolving spatial intelligence in SGL using networks of radar stations.It also briefs the growing multiple satellite constellation in Low Earth Orbits(LEO)for potential IAMD applications.Starting from Strategic Defense Initiative(SDI)of the past and then briefing the latest project of Space Development Agency,the paper shows SGL solutions for discovery,tracking,and destroying ballistic missiles and hypersonic gliders with the use of collectively behaving constellations of LEO satellites.It also shows how to organize higher levels of supervision of groups of mobile chasers fighting multiple targets(both potentially as missiles or drones),by providing their global awareness even consciousness in SGL which can drastically improve their performance.The latest version of SGT can be implemented on any platforms and put into operation in a short time,similarly to its previous versions in different countries.

Fire Distribution of Integrated Missile-gun Air Defense System Based on Earlier Damage Criterion

The fire distribution can be divided into weapon assignment and firing time scheduling. The criterion of weapon allocation is that a target with greater threat has higher priority. And the criterion of firing time scheduling is that a target can be damaged with the expected probability before a specific time. A fire distribution scheme and a program for the integrated missile-gun air defense system based on a criterion of earlier damage were presented. An example was taken to illustrate its effectiveness.

Study on Anti-ship Missile Saturation Attack Model

Based on the analysis for the interception process of ship-to-air missile system to the anti-ship missile stream, the antagonism of ship-to-air missile and anti-ship missile stream was modeled by Monte Carlo method. This model containing the probability of acquiring anti-ship missile, threat estimation, firepower distribution, interception, effectiveness evaluation and firepower turning, can dynamically simulate the antagonism process of anti-ship missile attack stream and anti-air missile weapon system. The anti-ship missile's saturation attack stream for different ship-to-air missile systems can be calculated quantitatively. The simulated results reveal the relations among the anti-ship missile saturation attack and the attack intensity of anti-ship missile, interception mode and the main parameters of anti-air missile weapon system. It provides a theoretical basis for the effective operation of anti-ship missile.

空空导弹海洋大气自然环境试验研究

针对空空导弹随航母服役需求和海洋大气自然环境适应性风险,结合相关标准和研制经验,对空空导弹海洋大气自然环境试验方案设计流程、方法及要点进行了研究。提出了一套空空导弹海洋大气自然环境试验方案,可用于指导新研型号科学有效地开展自然环境试验,为回答空空导弹海洋大气自然环境适应性指标提供了支撑。空空导弹应系统策划海洋大气自然环境试验,以尽早暴露问题,实现产品设计改进,为上舰环境适应性的提高奠定基础。同时,还应大力开展自然加速环境试验技术和动态自然环境试验技术研究工作。

基于深度强化学习的舰船导弹目标分配方法

针对对抗环境下的海上舰船防空反导导弹目标分配问题,本文提出了一种融合注意力机制的深度强化学习算法.首先,构建了舰船多类型导弹目标分配模型,并结合目标多波次拦截特点将问题建模为马尔可夫决策过程.接着,基于编码器–解码器框架搭建强化学习策略网络,融合多头注意力机制对目标进行编码,并在解码中结合整体目标和单个目标编码信息实现舰船可靠的导弹目标分配.最后,对导弹目标分配收益、分配时效以及策略网络训练过程进行了仿真实验.实验结果表明,本文方法能生成高收益的导弹目标分配方案,相较于对比算法的大规模决策计算速度提高10%~94%,同时其策略网络能够快速稳定收敛.

基于节点重要性和改进效能环的防空反导预警体系能力评估

针对防空反导预警体系能力评估中存在的现实性较弱、考虑异质特性较少和能力计算不够全面等问题,提出基于节点重要性和改进效能环的体系能力评估方法。依托超网络模型对体系结构进行抽象建模,给出具有现实意义的效能环模型。从网络全局和局部节点的重要性出发,根据节点之间相互影响关系对效能边进行分析,并结合节点的重要性和可靠性提出体系的能力期望,从而改进基于效能环的体系能力评估方法。反导预警作战的案例仿真分析结果表明:新方法具有可行性与合理性,充分考虑了防空反导预警体系的现实特性和装备的异质特征,能够较全面地评估体系作战能力,为体系的能力评估和结构优化提供理论支撑。

基于残差密集连接注意力的红外目标识别算法

针对红外目标识别时目标与干扰混淆、干扰遮挡目标导致算法性能下降的问题,提出了一种基于残差密集连接注意力的空中红外目标识别算法。首先,为跨层实现浅层与深层特征的融合、获取融合深度特征、提升特征复用性并增强语义信息,提出了改进的残差密集连接模块;其次,为增强融合深度特征的自适应表达能力,设计了并行混合注意力模块;最后,通过在大量红外数据集上的测试证明,相比于GoogLeNet算法,所提算法平均识别正确率提高了1.9个百分点,证明了算法的有效性。

层叠型缓冲靶板对弹载测试仪的保护作用研究

使用空气炮模拟火炮发射时的高过载环境对弹载测试仪进行测试时,弹丸撞击靶板会产生尖峰脉冲对测试仪造成严重的损伤,为提高测试仪的存活性,展开对缓冲靶板层叠方式(不同材质的靶板相互叠加的叠层结构)的研究。通过撞击动力学理论描述弹丸对靶板的压缩和侵彻行为,并结合动量守恒和能量守恒定律计算出靶板参数和传递到靶板上的冲量的关系。使用ANSYS/LS-DYNA建立弹丸正侵彻靶板模型,弹丸速度为200 m/s、质量为5.5 kg,仿真结果表明:3层总厚度450 mm的泡沫铝+泡沫铝+橡胶组合方式能有效消除尖峰脉冲并缩短弹丸对靶板的作用时间,加速度均值约为7 000g,脉宽为2.8 ms。受条件限制,空气炮试验采用弹丸质量为5.5 kg、速度为150 m/s,并将缓冲靶板的单层厚度减小到100 mm,结果表明:在泡沫铝+泡沫铝+橡胶组合方式下,弹丸结构和测试仪功能完好,加速度均值约为27 000g,脉宽为0.55 ms。

基于多目标进化算法的防空导弹武器目标分配

有效的武器目标分配(weapon-target assignment,WTA)方法对减少作战损失,提高防御效果具有重要意义。针对防空资源分配问题建立合理的数学模型,以最大化目标毁伤效能和最小化雷达资源消耗为优化目标,同时考虑雷达通道数上限等多个约束,在基于分解的多目标进化算法(multi-objective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition,MOEA/D)基础上进行改进,种群进化过程中自适应调整交叉与变异的概率以提高个体的质量,最终得到一组可供决策者使用的最优解集。实验结果表明:与其他多目标进化算法相比,该算法能得到适应度更高且分布性良好的结果,能够为防空导弹武器目标分配问题提供可行方案。

基于复杂网络的防空反导体系拓扑特性

信息技术和军用物联网技术的发展不断推动着作战样式的变革,网络复杂性正逐渐成为研究的重要问题之一。基于复杂网络理论,构建防空反导网络模型,并对网络模型的拓扑特性进行仿真分析。结果表明,防空反导网络模型具有较大的平均集群系数和较小的平均路径长度,符合小世界特性,且网络效能系数与网络模型结构有较大关系。仿真结果对防空反导网络模型的建立并揭示其内部机理具有一定的理论意义。

基于大指令变化率下的防空导弹姿态控制方法

针对防空导弹的目标机动性较强带来的姿态控制品质变差的问题,提出一种事件触发控制方法。首先分析了由于目标机动性过强导致的指令变化率未知,以及指令变化率过大导致稳态误差较大的原因。针对此问题引入非线性最速跟踪微分器获取指令变化率,研究指令变化率与姿态角误差之间关系,定义稳态效应指标,并在该指标基础上设计了基于事件触发的新增控制量。采用滑模控制和扰动观测器使系统在指令变化率较大条件下的稳态误差被抑制在5%误差带之内。在工程实践的背景下,数值仿真考虑了气动参数拉偏以及执行机构限幅,仿真结果验证了设计的控制系统的有效性。

基于深度强化学习的防空反导智能任务分配

随着作战双方不断采用新技术,信息时代的战争呈现出强博弈对抗性。在分析防空反导任务分配过程和决策的本质基础上,从敌我两个角度深入探讨了强博弈对抗环境下防空反导任务分配所面临的挑战。讨论了基于深度强化学习的防空反导智能任务分配方法的优势,提出了其实际应用所面临的问题,有望解决相关问题的技术途径和方法评价指标,为防空反导智能任务分配提供新思路。

美军强对抗环境远域介入空空作战构想分析

本文分析了应对美航空装备实施远域介入空空作战的现实需求,并结合美军正在研发的穿透型制空战斗机、合作式作战飞机、AIM-260空空导弹、“远射”无人机等项目,以及敏捷作战运用等最新作战概念,研究分析了美军凭借下一代战机强大综合作战能力实现杀伤链自闭合、基于隐身有人机与隐身无人机协同遂行分布式空中作战和使用现役非隐身战机在体系信息支持下施行远距空空打击等3种远域介入空空作战构想。

导弹大离轴角发射导引律优化设计

对中远距空空导弹大离轴角发射导引规律进行了研究。导弹在转弯阶段采用BTT控制模式,分析了实现快速转弯的机理及要求,研究了实现快速转弯的最佳升力面,确定了导弹滚转控制指令,建立了导弹转弯动力学模型,利用剩余转弯角度关系,设计攻角控制指令;提出旋转坐标系方法对滚转控制指令进行了优化,解决了指令跳变问题,实现了转弯过程最小滚转偏差控制,利用最佳升力面法向矢量投影关系,进一步判定攻角指令控制逻辑,实现与最小滚转偏差控制指令的匹配。最后通过数字仿真验证了设计方法的正确性和有效性。

高过载信号的脉宽对泡沫铝缓冲效率的影响

弹载仪器在冲击载荷作用下的缓冲保护研究备受关注,本文针对实弹测试中高过载信号的脉宽对泡沫铝缓冲材料的缓冲效率影响问题,提出了一种基于空气炮试验的缓冲效率研究方法。将缓冲测试装置的缓冲模型简化为单自由度缓冲模型,分析并建立了泡沫铝在高过载信号缓冲压缩下的应力-应变曲线。研究发现,高过载信号的脉宽通过影响高密度泡沫铝的应变率而去影响塑性平台区应力和缓冲效率,而低密度泡沫铝的缓冲效率基本不受脉宽变化的影响。研究结果表明:高过载信号的幅值约20 000g时,脉宽下降111μs, 1.55 g/cm3泡沫铝塑性平台区应力增大约15 MPa,缓冲效率下降约5.97%;0.5 g/cm3泡沫铝在高过载信号的幅值相同,脉宽下降126μs,塑性平台区应力和缓冲效率基本不变。