Experimental Study on Effect of Inclination Angle on Bubble Collapse near Attached Air Bubble

Experiments were conducted to investigate the dynamics of an oscillating bubble generated by a spark in the presence of an inclined attached air bubble.The study primarily focused on the influence of the inclination angle on the behavior of bubble jetting orientation,air bubble shape modes,and motion characteristics of the interaction between the two bubbles.Various complex bubble jetting behaviors were observed,including the presence of multiple types of bubble jetting directions,bubble splitting,and multidirectional jets.Four types of air bubble shapes were defined,namely inclined cup cover-shaped(with and without splitting),double-peaked cup cover-shaped,and inclined L-shaped air bubbles.The formation of different types of bubble jets was analyzed using the vector synthesis principle of the Bjerknes force exerted by the inclined attached air bubble and a steel plate.To describe the diverse orientations of bubble jetting and air bubble shapes,new parameters namely the dimensionless spark bubble oscillation time T^(*)and volume ratio V^(*)that consider the inclination angle are proposed.The findings of this investigation contribute to the existing knowledge and have the potential to further enhance methods for mitigating cavitation damage in marine,hydraulic machinery systems,and medical fields.l fields.

Numerical Study on the Pulsation Characteristics of An Attached Air Bubble Under A Nearby Oscillating Bubble

Numerical simulations of the non-spherical evolution of a pulsating bubble interacting with a stationary air bubble attached to a fixed structure were performed using a three-dimensional boundary integral method by implementing the mirror image method to simplify the processing of the numerical model. Code validation was accomplished by comparing the numerical results with the laboratory experimental data obtained in our previous study. Complex phenomena were observed, including three types of bubble jet forms, which depended strongly on the distance parameter with respect to the initial location of the bubble from the plate, the bubble strength parameter and the initial air bubble radius parameters. The results of the simulations provide detail insight into interesting bubble jetting phenomena,such as bubble splitting, jets moving away from the plate, and bubble shedding. The dimensionless distance parameter and the initial air bubble radius parameter play a major role in determining the shapes of two bubbles and the jetting direction. The air bubble strength parameter did not change the bubble jet direction but influenced the bubble shape.The detachment of the attached air bubble under oscillating bubble suction was easily observed for a small initial air bubble. These results showed that bubble jetting toward the plate was manipulated through the effect of attached air bubble, and that cavitation-based applications and underwater explosion bubble may benefit from this erosion mitigation approach.

Inhibition mechanism of air nanobubbles on brass corrosion in circulating cooling water systems

Air nanobubbles(A-NBs)were used to inhibit the brass corrosion in circulating cooling water for the first time in the study.The results of mass loss method and electrochemical method showed that A-NBs had the obvious corrosion inhibition effect.The inhibition rate reached 52%at 35℃.The impedance and surface characterization results of corrosion samples indicated that the corrosion inhibition mechanisms of A-NBs mainly included adsorption of corrosion ions,promoting the formation of the passivation film on metal surface and the formation of the bubble layer and scale film on metal surface.A-NBs are potential excellent corrosion inhibitors.

Numerical simulation and experimental verification of bubble size distribution in an air dense medium fluidized bed

Bubble size distribution is the basic apparent performance and obvious characteristics in the air dense medium fluidized bed (ADMFB). The approaches of numerical simulation and experimental verification were combined to conduct the further research on the bubble generation and movement behavior. The results show that ADMFB could display favorable expanded characteristics after steady fluidization. With different particle size distributions of magnetite powder as medium solids, we selected an appropriate prediction model for the mean bubble diameter in ADMFB. The comparison results indicate that the mean bubble diameters along the bed heights are 35 mm < D b < 66 mm and 40 mm < D b < 69 mm with the magnetite powder of 0.3 mm+0.15mm and 0.15mm+0.074mm, respectively. The prediction model provides good agreements with the experimental and simulation data. Based on the optimal operating gas velocity distribution, the mixture of magnetite powder and <1mm fine coal as medium solids were utilized to carry out the separation experiment on 6-50mm raw coal. The results show that an optimal separation density d P of 1.73g/cm 3 with a probable error E of 0.07g/cm 3 and a recovery efficiency of 99.97% is achieved, which indicates good separation performance by applying ADMFB.

Numerical simulation of gas-liquid two-phase jet flow in air-bubble generator

Air-bubble generator is the key part of the self-inspiration type swirl flotation machines,whose flow field structure has a great effect on flotation.The multiphase volume of fluid(VOF),standard k-ε turbulent model and the SIMPLE method were chosen to simulate the present model;the first order upwind difference scheme was utilized to perform a discrete solution for momentum equation.The distributing law of the velocity,pressure,turbulent kinetic energy of every section along the flow direction of air-bubble generator was analyzed.The results indicate that the bubbles are heavily broken up in the middle cross section of throat sect and the entrance of diffuser sect along the flow direction,and the turbulent kinetic energy of diffuser sect is larger than the entrance of throat sect and mixing chamber.

Clinical outcomes of management of posterior capsule rupture with air bubble techniques

AIM:To introduce a new surgical technique,air-bubble technique for the management of posterior capsule rupture(PCR)and to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the technique.METHODS:A retrospective case series analysis of 24 eyes of 24 patients,in which the air bubble technique was used for the management of PCR,was performed.Once PCR occurred,a dispersive ophthalmic viscosurgical device(OVD)was injected into the tear.And small volumes(0.2-0.3 mL)of air bubbles were injected beneath the OVD.The air bubble served as a physical barrier and supported the posterior capsule.RESULTS:After surgery,none of the patients had serious complications during the follow-up period of 1 y.Extension of the PCR size occurred in only 2 cases,and additional OVD injection was required only in 3 cases.Air bubbles imparted great stability to the nuclear pieces and the posterior capsule.CONCLUSION:The air-bubble technique may be considered a safe and effective procedure for managing a PCR.It may be of value to the inexperienced cataract surgeon.

Bubble performance of a novel dissolved air flotation(DAF) unit

ES-DAF, a novel DAF with low cost, high reliability and easy controllability, was studied. Without a costly air saturator, ES-DAF consists of an ejector and a static mixer between the pressure side and suction side of the recycle rotary pump. The bubble size distribution in this novel unit was studied in detail by using a newly developed CCD imagination through a microscope. Compared with M-DAF under the same saturation pressure, ES-DAF can produce smaller bubble size and higher bubble volume concentration, especially in lower pressure. In addition, the bubble size decreases with the increase of reflux ratio or decrease of superficial air-water ratio. These results suggested that smaller bubbles will be formed when the initial number of nucleation sites increases by enhancing the turbulence intensity in the saturation system.

Localisation and phase transition of acoustic waves in a soft medium containing air bubbles

We study via numerical experiments the localisation property of an acoustic wave in a viscoelastic soft medium containing randomly-distributed air bubbles. The behaviours of the oscillation phases of bubbles are particularly investigated in various cases for distinguishing efficiently the acoustic localisation from the effects of acoustic absorption caused by the viscosity of medium. The numerical results reveal the phenomenon of ＇phase transition＇ characterized by an unusual collective oscillation of bubbles, which is an effective criterion to unambiguously identify the acoustic localisation in the presence of viscosity. Within the localisation region, the phenomenon of phase transition persists, and a remarkable decrease in the fluctuation of the oscillation phases of bubbles is observed. The localisation phenomenon will be impaired by the enhancement of the viscosity factors, and the extent to which the acoustic wave is localised may be determined by appropriately analyzing the values of the oscillation phases or the amount of reduction of the phase fluctuation. The results are particularly significant for the practical experiments in an attempt to observe the acoustic localisation in such a medium, which is in general subjected to the interference of the great ambiguity resulting from the effect of acoustic absorption.

Air Bubble Frequency Distribution in the Cavity Zone

In this paper, a series of experiments were carried out on the air concentration distribution. In the cavity zone, the air bubble frequency distribution was similar to the air concentration distribution. The air bubble frequency increased from the bottom and then decreased near the tmaerated black water region. The position of the maximum air bubble frequencyfmax moved downwards. At the air-water cross section, the relationship between the air bubble frequency and the air concentration was self-similar, the position of the maximum air bubble frequency caused by the air-water discontinuity gradually approached C = 0.50 with the development of aeration. Meanwhile, the dimensionless air bubble frequency in the cavity zone followed a parabolic function.

Adhesion forces for water/oil droplet and bubble on coking coal surfaces with different roughness

Surface roughness plays a significant role in floatability of coal.In the present paper,coking coal surface was polished by three different sandpapers and the surface properties were characterized by contact angle and roughness measurements.The effect of surface roughness on floatability was investigated by adhesion force measurement system for measuring interaction forces between droplets/bubbles and coking coal surfaces with different roughness.The results showed that the contact angle decreased with increasing roughness yet the adhesion force between the water droplet and coal surface increased owing to the increased contact line and the appearance of line pinning.Maximum adhesion forces between water and surfaces were 111.70,125.48,and 136.42μN when the roughness was 0.23,0.98,and 2.79 μm,respectively.In contrast,under a liquid environment,the adhesion forces between air bubble/oil droplet and coal surfaces were decreased with increasing roughness because of the restriction by water.Maximum adhesion forces of increasing roughness were 97.14,42.76,and 17.86 μN measured at interfaces between air bubble and coal surfaces and 169.48,145.84,and 121.02 lN between oil droplet and surfaces,respectively.Decreasing roughness could be beneficial to the spreading of oil droplets and the adhesion of bubbles which is conducive to flotation separation.

Nonfoaming Bubble Separation for Recovery of Butyl Acetate from Discharged Wastewater During Penicillin Production

Two nonfoaming bubble separation techniques, air stripping and solvent sublation, are presented and discussed in order to recover butyl acetate (BA) from discharged wastewater after solvent extraction of penicillin. Results show air stripping is not suitable for the recovery of BA from the wastewater. Axial concentration of BA had a noted maximum point along the column. In contrast, solvent sublation is very effective to recover BA from the wastewater. In solvent sublation experiments, axial concentration of BA along the column first increased and then decreased from the bottom to the top because of two primary mass transport processes. One is the transport by adsorption or attachment to ascending bubbles, and the other is by dispersion at water-solvent interface and by water film in organic solvent layer. In order to elucidate the high removal efficiency in solvent sublation, the microstructure of the wastewater was studied with optic microscope, which was showed to be an emulsion of BA in water at large concentration of BA. Solvent sublation can be successfully used in the removal of BA from its emulsion in the wastewater. The surface tension of simulated solution composed of lysozyme and BA was studied to understand mutual effect of biological materials and BA. Results show that lysozyme affects the adsorption of BA at air-water interface and they may form a complex between BA and lysozyme molecules.

Bubble entrainment, spray and splashing at hydraulic jumps

The sudden transition from a high-velocity, supercritical open channel flow into a slow-moving sub-critical flow is a hydraulic jump. Such a flow is characterised by a sudden rise of the free-surface, with some strong energy dissipation and air entrainment, waves and spray. New two-phase flow measurements were performed in the developing flow region using a large-size facility operating at large Reynolds numbers. The experimental results demonstrated the complexity of the flow with a developing mixing layer in which entrained bubbles are advected in a high shear stress flow. The relationship between bubble count rates and void fractions was non-unique in the shear zone, supporting earlier observations of some form of double diffusion process between momentum and air bubbles. In the upper region, the flow consisted primarily of water drops and packets sur-rounded by air. Visually significant pray and splashing were significant above the jump roller. The present study is the first com-prehensive study detailing the two-phase flow properties of both the bubbly and spray regions of hydraulic jumps, a first step towards understanding the interactions between bubble entrainment and droplet ejection processes.

Dynamic Characteristics of Bubble Distribution Zone in Gas-Liquid Reactors

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THE MOTION OF A SMALL BUBBLE IN WAVES

The motion of a single spherical small bubble due to buoyancy in the ideal fluid with waves is investigated theoretically and experimentally in this article. Assuming that the bubble has no effect on the wave field, equations of a bubble motion are obtained and solved. It is found that the nonlinear effect increases with the increase of the bubble radius and the rising time. The rising time and the motion orbit are given by calculations and experiments. When the radius of a bubble is smaller than 0.5mm and the distance from the free surface is greater than the wave height, the results of the present theory are in close agreement with measurements.

Liquid mean velocity and turbulence in a horizontal air-water bubbly flow

The liquid phase turbulent structure of an air-water bubbly horizontal flow in a circular pipe has been investigated experimentally. Three-dimensional measurements were implemented with two "X" type probes oriented in different planes, and local liquid-phase velocities and turbulent stresses were simultaneously obtained. Systematic measurements were conducted covering a range of local void fraction from 0 to 11.7%. The important experiment results and parametric trends are summarized and discussed.

气体润滑减阻研究综述

在我国“碳达峰、碳中和”战略背景下,气体润滑减阻作为一种流动控制节能与降碳方法,可有效降低船舶航行阻力,对我国船舶及航运业的低碳发展意义重大。本文介绍了气体润滑减阻研究的国内外背景及意义,阐述了气体润滑减阻的定义及分类方式,特别是提出了基于气液两相界面形态与减阻机理的离散气泡减阻和连续气层减阻分类方式,并在此基础上分别梳理了离散气泡减阻和连续气层减阻在减阻特性、减阻机理、两相流态及其影响因素等方面的进展情况,总结并展望了气体润滑减阻的研究现状和该领域的未来发展趋势。

船舶气层减阻技术研究综述

随着全球生态环境变化的要求以及我国“碳达峰、碳中和”目标的提出,船舶气层减阻技术作为船舶运输手段中一种有效的节能、降碳手段,近年来备受关注。文章阐述了气层减阻技术中气层的形成过程以及工作原理;从模型试验以及理论与数值计算方面分析了船舶气层减阻技术的发展和研究现状;列举分析了国内外部分研究单位的应用实例和实际效果;针对研究和应用现状,对船舶气层减阻技术面对的问题和未来发展方向进行了展望。

下潜养殖系统中不同规格气泡对虹鳟补气效果的影响

为探究不同规格气泡对下潜养殖虹鳟生长、行为、能量收支、抗氧化能力和体形态的影响,试验设置5个不同处理组:对照组(不增加网罩和补气设备)、无气泡组(水中增加网罩隔离)和3种气泡组(水中增加网罩隔离,并在网罩下方添加3种规格的气石,气泡直径分别为1.02、0.33和0.11 cm)。经过28d的养殖实验,结果显示大、中气泡组虹鳟的末体重和特定生长率显著高于小、无气泡组,鱼鳔体积和鱼鳔产生的浮力均显著大于小、无气泡组,这表明大、中气泡有效地补充了虹鳟鱼鳔内的气体,恢复了其生长性能。气泡组虹鳟的SOD和CAT活力显著低于对照组,且MDA和LPO显著降低,表明下潜胁迫对其机体抗氧化系统造成一定的损伤;但大、中气泡组虹鳟抗氧化指标的IBR_(v2)较小、无气泡组更接近对照组,表明其在一定程度能缓解下潜养殖的负面效应。气泡组虹鳟身体的“流线型”高于对照组,且鳍和尾部的相对面积增大,这可能是虹鳟应对浮力缺失的改善措施。综上,由于较大气泡更容易被虹鳟吞食,且更易于在食道中聚集,经鳔管压缩进入鱼鳔,因此,大、中气泡具有更强的补气效果来缓解下潜养殖鲑鱼负浮力的胁迫。

植被密度对人工阶梯深潭掺气特性的影响研究

本研究通过在一个坡度为18.4°的矩形阶梯水槽,使用双头电阻式探针,系统测量了两种植被密度下人工阶梯深潭自上游清水区到下游掺气充分发展区的掺气特性。研究结果表明:与光滑台阶和阶梯深潭相比,植被阶梯深潭对掺气发生点的位置及水深几乎无影响,建立了掺气发生点水深的计算公式。断面平均空气浓度Ce在阶梯起点到与掺气发生点距离的2.5倍的区域内逐渐增加,之后达到恒定值;断面气泡个数最大值在阶梯起点到与掺气发生点距离的4.0倍的区域内逐渐增加,之后达到恒定值,这与断面平均掺气浓度的发展规律不相同;植被密度对气泡个数分布及演进变化规律几乎无影响。

气泡对浮选精煤压滤压力及脱水性能影响机理

起泡剂的加入使得煤泥浮选过程中产生稳定性强、黏度高、难以破灭的泡沫,大量泡沫的堆积严重制约了浮选精煤的压滤脱水效果。为探明气泡对浮选精煤的压滤压力及脱水性能的影响机理,使用新型加压脱水装置研究气泡对浮选精煤压滤压力、滤饼位移、滤液质量及滤饼水分的影响规律,并通过ImageJ图像处理、流变特性测试、FBRM试验和SEM表征等一系列方法对脱水机理进行探究。压滤结果表明,充气量为0.3 m ^(3)/h时,浮选精煤压滤所需压力由451.2 kg增至540.7 kg,滤饼水分增加10.7个百分点。ImageJ图像处理表明小直径气泡分布占比随充气量的增大而增大,流变性测试表明随充气量增加,浮选精煤黏度增大且动切力τ0由0.9947 mPa增至1.1703 mPa,说明颗粒定向重排作用增强;FBRM试验表明气泡的存在使浮选精煤粒径增大,发生凝聚现象,颗粒间相互作用力增大;SEM结果表明气泡使浮选精煤颗粒聚集现象明显。气泡的存在导致浮选精煤颗粒排列更加紧密,颗粒间毛细半径减小,过滤所需压力增大,同时滤饼孔隙变小,水分迁移路径更复杂,不利于水分脱除。