Energy Efficient Air Conditioning System Using Geothermal Cooling-Solar Heating in Gujarat, India

It is well known that one unit of electrical energy saved is equal to more than two units produced. One way of economizing the power is utilization of energy efficient systems at all locations. In the present study, the air conditioning system is analysed and an innovative way is suggested. We use natural low temperature of shallow sub surface (1 - 3 m) of the earth—geothermal cooling system. It is known that majority of the households and the apartment complexes in India have two tanks for water storage. One is the underground water sump and the other is the overhead water tank. In our study, we use these two water storage systems for space cooling during summer and also for heating during winter. The main aim of our paper is air-conditioning of the space in an economic way to save electricity. It is based on a simple idea of transferring the low temperature from underground water sump to the room in the house using water as a mode of transport. Since India is a tropical country located at low latitude, most of the year, the air temperature is high and demands space cooling. However, for a couple of months during severe winter months (Dec.-Jan.) at Ahmedabad, heating of the space is required. For heating the space, we suggest to use the well-known solar water heater. Effective use of heat exchanger is shown through computation, modelling schemes and lab experiment. We recommend geothermal cooling for 10 months in a year and solar hot water system during 2 months of winter. It is observed that the ambient air temperature of 35°C - 40°C in the room can be brought down to 26°C without much consumption of electricity. In a similar manner, the room temperature at night (13°C) during winter in Ahmedabad can be increased to 27°C through circulation of water from solar water heater in the heat exchanger.

Optimal Scheduling of Air Conditioners for Energy Efficiency

Energy saving is one of the most important research hotspots, by which operational expenditure and CO2 emission can be reduced. Optimal cooling capacity scheduling in addition to temperature control can improve energy efficiency. The main contribution of this work is modeling the telecommunication building for the fabric cooling load to schedule the operation of air conditioners. The time series data of the fabric cooling load of the building envelope is taken by simulation by using Energy Plus, Building Control Virtual Test Bed （BCVTB）, and Matlab. This pre-computed data and other internal thermal loads are used for scheduling in air conditioners. Energy savings obtained for the whole year are about 4% to 6% by simulation and the field study, respectively.

Energy Efficient Hospitals Air Conditioning Systems

Energy Efficiency and Indoor Air Quality in the healthcare applications and particularly in surgical operating theatres are important features in modernized designs. The various reasons for deviation from obtaining optimum IAQ and energy efficient buildings are listed. The air conditioning systems serving the operating rooms require careful design to minimize the concentration of airborne organisms. Numerical approach is an appropriate tool to be utilized to adequately identify the airflow patterns temperatures and relative humidity distributions and hence energy efficient designs.

Energy Efficiency in Building: Case of Buildings at the University of Ibadan, Nigeria

Nigeria today faces serious challenge in providing adequate energy to meet the needs of her citizenry. Efforts are currently geared towards generation of more energy to ease the problem. While these efforts are commendable, it is equally desirable to explore ways to minimize consumption of generated energy. The objective of this work is to investigate the effect of building orientation on energy demand in buildings. This paper considered the use of standard design considerations, fundamental cooling load equations and the guidelines stipulated by the American Society of Heating, Cooling and Air conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE). The study takes the designs of three buildings within the University of Ibadan, Nigeria into consideration with the view to harness the energy saving potentials through building orientation and selection of efficient cooling equipment. The results obtained were 155.34, 224.75, 86.35 kW and 163.60, 232.04 and 90.64 kW for the three lecture envelopes including the Faculty of Science, CBN and the Department of Chemistry lecture theatres using the North-South and East-West building orientations respectively. Increase in energy demand of 7.96, 7.29 and 4.29 kW was thus obtained with the East-West building orientation over North-South. Energy efficiency is thus guaranteed with North-South building orientation.

Applicability of sewage heat pump air-conditioning system

A sewage heat pump system and its application based on a project in Chongqing,China,were discussed. Based on the sewage conditions,a feasibility analysis of the sewage heat pump air conditioning system was conducted. The theoretical and quantitative calculations indicate that sewage flux in the city sewage main pipe in the project can satisfy heat exchange requirements,and taking water from the pipes has relatively small influence on the pipe net in summer and winter. The sewage heat pump air-conditioning system can save 21.5% operating cost in one year,which is energy efficient and environmentally friendly.

Experimental Study of Energy-Saving Air-Conditioner with Hot Water

Energy-saving air-conditioner with hot water is an air source heat pump air-conditioner,which can also supply hot water.The hot water is heated by a double pipe condenser connected with an air-cooled condenser in series in the system.This experiment of the energy-saving air-conditioner was carried out in the enthalpy-difference air-conditioner laboratory.The hot water temperature and the compressor's discharge and suction pressure were recorded in the working condition,where the ambient temperature was at 43 ℃,35 ℃,21 ℃,7 ℃,and 2 ℃ separately.The results showed that the system operated stably and reliably.This system can supply 240 L hot water at 50 ℃ in the whole year,and its coefficience of performance(COP)is much higher than the conventional air source heat pump system.Its energy conservation was proved by comparing the thermal efficiency with other sourece water heaters.

家用空调器产品监督检验中常见不合格项目解析

制冷量、制冷消耗功率、全年能源消耗效率(APF)和制冷季节能源消耗效率(SEER)、接地措施、连续骚扰(端子电压)这五个项目是家用空气调节器产品在监督检验中常见的不合格项目,本文通过列举具体案例,从标准要求和实测数据等方面,重点分析了导致不合格产生的客观及主观原因,并给出了相应的整改方案,为企业提升认识、完善设计、加强质控、规范制造提供了有效的改进建议,助力企业生产出符合国家标准要求的合格产品。

某调度通信楼空调系统节能减碳改造设计实践

重点介绍了某调度通信楼空调系统的节能减碳改造设计,通过综合运用余热回收、可再生能源、固体蓄热、高效制冷机房等多项技术,构建了安全可靠、绿色低碳、高效节能的空调系统。采用HDY-SMAD空调负荷计算及分析软件模拟了建筑物全年的空调能耗,并对优化前后空调系统的运行能耗和碳排放进行了测算。结果显示,优化方案空调系统全年节约电量100万kW·h,全年碳减排573 t,节能减碳效果显著。

基于盲板的地板送风式数据中心热管理与能效案例研究

数据中心机房空调设备长期运行,每年需对其性能进行测试和评估,以确保安全高效运行。针对机架内服务器布局、盲板结构以及工况适应性进行实测,研究了封闭式冷通道地板下送风式数据中心的热环境;并通过热性能指标和能效指标,对该数据中心的安全性和能效进行了全年评估。结果表明:在冷通道中间区域推荐安装功率为2 kW以上的机架;机架间隙处安装盲板后,能够促进服务器内部冷气流循环,减少热气流的回流干扰,最大出口温度降低3.32℃,出口平均速度降低约24%;夏季工况时,该数据中心的PUE、WUE、CUE分别约为1.2、3.5、0.84,且WUE呈现出较强的季节性,冬季工况时,自由冷却可有效降低数据中心的能耗。此外,数据中心冷通道末端的机架过热问题显著,其中16个机架的机柜冷却指数均低于90%,热损失较高。

纺织空调绿色生产技术途径

探讨纺织空调实现绿色生产的途径和方法。针对纺织空调运行能耗高、耗水量大的问题,以创建绿色工厂为目标,从提高设备能效、优化空调热湿处理方法、加强运行调试与能源管理等方面提出具体要求和措施,并提出了细纱车间热分流、热回收、送回风系统低能耗运行的方法。认为:做好纺织空调节能降耗工作有助于实现纺织车间绿色生产。

模块化光伏空调机组研发及性能实测分析

针对岛礁等孤立区域远离内陆、设备系统维修不便、安全可靠性要求高的问题,本文设计出直流型、交流型蓄电模块化新型光伏空调机组,对蓄电、逆变、制冷等机组部件进行了集成设计,对集成热堆积造成的机组性能衰减进行了理论分析。搭建了性能实验平台,实测了晴天、多云和雨天等不同天气工况下模块化空调机组的运行性能,得到2类机组的COP范围为2.80~3.35。模块化光伏空调机组可满足太阳能丰富的孤立区域的空调需求,具有更换灵活方便的特点。

某工业厂房空调系统节能改造与效果评价

根据夏热冬冷地区某工业厂房实际系统及能耗特征,结合生产工艺流程,有针对性地对厂房空调系统进行节能改造,并对运行效益进行测算和统计,结果表明,采用余热回收、优化机组容量、淘汰老旧机组、采用水蓄能等措施,空调系统全年节能率达46.8%,能耗费用降低54.6%,实现良好的经济效益和社会效益。

室外机防护格栅对空调夏季运行能效影响的实验研究

人们通常将注意力集中在空调设备的额定能效,却较少关注室外机安装方式对空调系统实际运行能效的影响。实际上,空调室外机的防护格栅形式在很大程度上会影响整个系统的能效。因此,对防护格栅的设计和安装进行有效改进,以降低空调的能耗,变得尤为重要。为了解决传统空调室外机防护格栅通风换气能力差的问题,设计了一种高效节能通风防护格栅,并通过实验验证了其在提升系统能效比和节能性方面的成效。结果显示,在夏季平均气温维持在35℃的条件下,相较于传统防护格栅,这种节能防护格栅能够将能耗降低33%,系统制冷能效比提高59%。实验表明,本文所设计的防护格栅对于改善凹槽式安装的空调室外机系统性能具备显著效果。

机场航站楼空调水系统深化设计方法与案例研究

为实现中国民航业的绿色可持续发展,中国政府提出了打造绿色低碳航空、提高服务保障能力、推进技术进步和节能减排等要求,对中央空调系统能效有更高的要求。对于新建航站楼,通过节能措施提升系统的整体能效是关键所在。文章以我国夏热冬暖地区枢纽机场航站楼为例,主要从中央空调系统的水系统方面开展研究,开展能效分析,提出节能措施,既为新航站楼中央空调的建设提供参考依据,又为现有航站楼中央空调系统的改造提供数据支持。

基于多重遗传算法的中央空调能效优化

为提高中央空调制冷系统能效比,实现不同工况下最优能效比,提出一种基于多重遗传算法的中央空调制冷系统能效优化方法。该方法通过灰色关联度分析(GRA)筛选出对中央空调能效比影响较大的关键运行参数,利用神经网络建立关键运行参数与能效比间的能效预测模型,通过Apriori关联规则算法获取关键运行参数间的关联规则,将预测模型作为多重遗传算法的适应度函数,关联规则作为遗传算法种群进化的约束条件。分别采用多重遗传算法和传统遗传算法进行能效比优化,结果表明,多重遗传算法比传统遗传算法能效比平均提高了5.75%,优化效果明显。

空气源热泵供暖系统能效分析及系统配置探讨

提出了一种以整个供暖季为时间跨度的空气源热泵制热能效评价方法,得到了相对客观准确的空气源热泵系统供暖季综合能效比。研究结果表明,采用该评价方法有助于多能互补的空气源热泵供暖系统的经济分析、合理配置、控制策略优化提升。

关于GB 21455—2019《房间空气调节器能效限定值及能源效率等级》与GB19576—2019《单元式空气调节机能效限定值及能效等级》差异对项目影响的讨论

针对GB 21455—2019《房间空气调节器能效限定值及能源效率等级》与GB 19576—2019《单元式空气调节机能效限定值及能效等级》两个规范在全年能源消耗效率(APF)和制冷季节能源消耗效率(SEER)两种能效等级指标值要求的不同,从两者各自的适用范围、能效等级数值、引用标准及其适用范围等方面,进行了不同维度的对比分析。为了便于设计人员选择设计依据及相关规范,讨论细化了两者各自的具体用途和使用场所,可供读者参考。如遇两者有交集的情况,建议按较严格的要求取值,避免影响设备招采和项目验收。为确保项目能正确将设计意图落地实施,提出设计人员除设计工作之外,还需配合的其他工作内容。

夏热冬冷地区住宅建筑新风热回收系统节能性能测试与应用研究

为了分析新风热回收系统在夏热冬冷地区住宅建筑中应用时的节能性能,对该系统在各季节的实际节能效果作出判断。通过现场测试计算出新风热回收系统的热交换效率、热回收量以及室内的新风负荷,运用PKPM能耗模拟软件建立两种建筑模型,计算分析某住宅建筑使用新风热回收系统前后的用电能耗和相对节能率。研究结果显示,使用新风热回收系统后,建筑相对节能率由2.60%提高到6.09%,建筑冬季供暖用电节能3948.35 kW·h,夏季空调用电节能2036.22 kW·h,总用电能耗降低了5984.57 kW·h,实现能源节约3.57%。上述研究内容为新风热回收系统的设计、运用及研究工作提供了借鉴帮助。

辐射空调系统供暖特性试验研究

为探究辐射空调系统供暖特性,搭建辐射空调系统试验台,进行7 d的系统间歇运行试验,对两级新风机组送风温湿度,空气源热泵主机制热量、能效比,以及系统能耗和能效比进行分析。结果表明,在设定参数下,两级新风机组稳定时送风温湿度分别为27℃和35%左右,空气源热泵主机平均制热量为4.5 kW,制热性能系数(COPU)为4.10;辐射空调系统耗电量为1.5 kW·h,系统性能系数(COPS)为3.02。试验结果可为系统的进一步优化和推广提供参考。

基于气候条件的地铁站通风空调系统节能运行研究

节能降耗、绿色发展是当前地铁运营单位积极探索的发展之路,该文基于贵阳市良好的气候条件,结合贵阳地铁1、2号线客流特征,对车站公共区通风空调系统开展节能运行研究,选取25座车站作为试点开展实践论证。数据表明,车站公共区通风空调系统节能运行方案可行,在保证候车环境质量前提下,还能实现企业节能减排和降本增效的目的。