Environmental sustainability is the rate of renewable resourceharvesting, pollution control, and non-renewable resource exhaustion. Airpollution is a significant issue confronted by the environment particularlyby high...Environmental sustainability is the rate of renewable resourceharvesting, pollution control, and non-renewable resource exhaustion. Airpollution is a significant issue confronted by the environment particularlyby highly populated countries like India. Due to increased population, thenumber of vehicles also continues to increase. Each vehicle has its individualemission rate;however, the issue arises when the emission rate crosses thestandard value and the quality of the air gets degraded. Owing to the technological advances in machine learning (ML), it is possible to develop predictionapproaches to monitor and control pollution using real time data. With thedevelopment of the Internet of Things (IoT) and Big Data Analytics (BDA),there is a huge paradigm shift in how environmental data are employed forsustainable cities and societies, especially by applying intelligent algorithms.In this view, this study develops an optimal AI based air quality prediction andclassification (OAI-AQPC) model in big data environment. For handling bigdata from environmental monitoring, Hadoop MapReduce tool is employed.In addition, a predictive model is built using the hybridization of ARIMAand neural network (NN) called ARIMA-NN to predict the pollution level.For improving the performance of the ARIMA-NN algorithm, the parametertuning process takes place using oppositional swallow swarm optimization(OSSO) algorithm. Finally, Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS)classifier is used to classify the air quality into pollutant and non-pollutant.A detailed experimental analysis is performed for highlighting the betterprediction performance of the proposed ARIMA-NN method. The obtainedoutcomes pointed out the enhanced outcomes of the proposed OAI-AQPCtechnique over the recent state of art techniques.展开更多
More effective environmental pollution control and management are needed due to the increasing environ-mental impacts from a range of human activities and the growing public demands for a better living environment. Ur...More effective environmental pollution control and management are needed due to the increasing environ-mental impacts from a range of human activities and the growing public demands for a better living environment. Urban air pollution is a serious environmental issue that poses adverse impacts on the health of people and the environment in most metropolitan areas. In this paper,we propose a geoinformatics augmented framework of environmental modelling and information sharing for supporting effective urban air pollution control and management. This framework is out-lined in terms of its key components and processes including: 1) an integrated,adaptive network of sensors for envi-ronmental monitoring; 2) a set of distributed,interoperable databases for data management; 3) a set of intelligent,robust algorithms and models for environmental modelling; 4) a set of flexible,efficient user interfaces for data access and in-formation sharing; and 5) a reliable,high capacity,high performance computing and communication infrastructure for integrating and supporting other framework components and processes.展开更多
Based on an analysis of major recent social events in China,such as the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games,2010 Shanghai World Expo,2014 Nanjing Youth Olympic Games,and 2014 Beijing Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation Conferenc...Based on an analysis of major recent social events in China,such as the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games,2010 Shanghai World Expo,2014 Nanjing Youth Olympic Games,and 2014 Beijing Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation Conference,mandatory,temporary,and indemnificatory quantitative policies aimed at protecting air quality,which were carried out by both central and local governments,made substantial contributions to changes and improvements in air quality.To some extent,the findings show that command and control measures play a significant role in protecting air quality,while the law and economic and voluntary environmental safeguard measures do not during major social events.Therefore,it reminds us the air quality could and will improve not only during major social events but also in the regular days if we implement appropriate environmental policies and safeguard measures.展开更多
The haze has become the necessary thing to talk about everywhere for the Chinese people nowadays and the main report object in the news. It becomes increasingly urgent to develop the circular economy and build a beaut...The haze has become the necessary thing to talk about everywhere for the Chinese people nowadays and the main report object in the news. It becomes increasingly urgent to develop the circular economy and build a beautiful China. But there exists secretly a game between the central and local governments when the air protection is enforced. The central government calls for implementing the total control system of the key pollutant emission,but the local governments are blandly ignoring the central government＇s requirement as they have to face the pressures of the assessment and performance. And the games among the local governments at the same level and between the governments and enterprises lead that the existing incentive policy through the legislation is inefficiency in China. The amendment about Environmental Law has laid foundation of the legal system for it.展开更多
With the atmospheric stereoscopic monitoring, air quality forecasting and decision of environment management as the main line, and comprehensive management system as the guidance, five platforms including infrastruct...With the atmospheric stereoscopic monitoring, air quality forecasting and decision of environment management as the main line, and comprehensive management system as the guidance, five platforms including infrastructure, technological support, monitoring and early monitoring, decision support and information services were established. These platforms have 15 subsystems, including stereoscopic monitoring network, visual business consultation, high-performance computing environment, comprehensive management of atmospheric data, emission inventories of pollu-tion sources, evaluation tools of atmospheric models, monitoring and management of air pollution, forecasting and early warning of air quality, diag-nostic analysis of atmospheric environment, tracking of air pollution sources, emergency management of air pollution, conformity management of air quality, comprehensive display of information, releasing of information to external networks, and releasing of information by mobile networks. The decision support system （DSS） of atmospheric environment management could realize an integration business system of 11 air quality forecast - heavy pollution weather warning - diagnosis of pollution causes （dynamic analysis of pollution sources） -air quality conformity planning （air pollu-tion emergency management） -evaluation of forecasting and warning results （evaluation pf management measures） -air quality forecasting＂ and provide the technical support for the prevention and control of atmosphere pollution in Anhui province.展开更多
<div style="text-align:justify;"> Environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) play a critical role in mitigating the degradation of SiC<sub>f</sub>/SiC ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) in complex...<div style="text-align:justify;"> Environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) play a critical role in mitigating the degradation of SiC<sub>f</sub>/SiC ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) in complex combustion environment, and improve the service life of thermal engine components. In this paper, by adjusting the parameters of atmospheric plasma spraying (APS), the spraying process of ytterbium disilicate (Yb<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>) under a lower power has been optimized. A two-layer EBC system consisting of ytterbium disilicate and silicon is prepared on the SiC<sub>f</sub>/SiC composite substrate by using optimized technological parameters. The thermal resistance and water oxygen corrosion resistance of such two-layer EBC system are investigated. The results indicate that the current ytterbium disilicate/silicon EBC system exhibits good phase stability, excellent water vapor and oxygen corrosion resistance. However, the exposed silicon bonding layer tends to generate an excessive thermal growth oxide (TGO) layer known as SiO<sub>2</sub>, leading to an early spallation of the coating. </div>展开更多
Air pollution is a major environmental problem in the Niger Delta Area (NDA) of Nigeria primarily due to oil and gas-related operational activities. Identifiable sources of air pollution in the NDA include gas flaring...Air pollution is a major environmental problem in the Niger Delta Area (NDA) of Nigeria primarily due to oil and gas-related operational activities. Identifiable sources of air pollution in the NDA include gas flaring, vehicle emissions from internal combustion engines, crude oil pollution, etc. The aim of this research is to evaluate the concentration of air pollutants from crude oil-related activities using air quality parameters in Warri during seasons peculiar to the area of study. The Warri metropolis, one of Nigeria’s largest oil cities, was the sampling region under research in this study. An Aeroqual handheld mobile multi-gas monitor fitted with different sensors of (Carbon Monoxide (CO), air quality multi-meter for Particulate Matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub> and PM<sub>10</sub>), Volatile Organic (VOC), Sulphur dioxide (SO<sub>2</sub>), Ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>), Methane (CH<sub>4</sub>), and air quality index (AQI), was used for the collection of air quality parameter. Linear regression was used to create the model, which was then used to predict the extent of pollution in the locations of study. The average mean concentrations of air pollutants such as CO, NO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub>, VOC, NH<sub>4</sub>, and SO<sub>2</sub> were measured at all sampling sites during wet and dry seasons. The results showed that the levels of these pollutants were above the WHO permissible limits for the majority of the air quality parameters studied in all sixteen locations. The concentration levels of most of the pollutants were higher in the dry season than in the rainy season. The study also found that the pollutants were mainly from fossil fuel combustion and road traffic emissions. Overall, the research provided monitoring data for all air quality pollutants under investigation in the study area and demonstrated that these concentrations exceed regulatory guidelines.展开更多
目的:探讨大气污染物和绿地暴露对初治结核病患者治疗期间病亡率的影响,从环境监测层面上为结核病患者的健康管理提供科学依据。方法:收集安徽省合肥市、淮南市、黄山市2015年1月1日至2020年12月31日的29519例初治结核病患者的数据。通...目的:探讨大气污染物和绿地暴露对初治结核病患者治疗期间病亡率的影响,从环境监测层面上为结核病患者的健康管理提供科学依据。方法:收集安徽省合肥市、淮南市、黄山市2015年1月1日至2020年12月31日的29519例初治结核病患者的数据。通过环境监测站收集大气污染物细颗粒物[空气动力学直径≤2.5μm的颗粒(particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter≤2.5μm,PM_(2.5))]、可吸入颗粒物[空气动力学直径≤10μm的颗粒(particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter≤10μm,PM_(10))]、一氧化碳(CO)、二氧化氮(NO_(2))数据。应用Cox比例风险模型计算大气污染物暴露与初治结核病患者病亡率的风险比(HR)及其95%置信区间(95%CI),同时结合绿地暴露进行亚组分析。结果:29519例结核病患者中,有369例(1.25%)在治疗期间死亡。多因素Cox回归分析结果显示,PM_(2.5)每增加10μg/m^(3),患者的死亡风险上升15.6%(HR=1.156,95%CI:1.146~1.165),PM_(10)每增加10μg/m^(3),患者的死亡风险上升18.3%(HR=1.183,95%CI:1.176~1.190),CO每增加0.10 mg/m^(3),患者的死亡风险上升6.7%(HR=1.067,95%CI:1.060~1.074),NO_(2)每增加10μg/m^(3),患者的死亡风险上升2.8%(HR=1.028,95%CI:1.019~1.037)。将绿地暴露按照四分位数(Q_(1)~Q_(4))由低到高进行分组后,大气污染物对病亡率的影响随绿地暴露的提升逐渐降低[以PM_(2.5)为例,其在250 m和500 m缓冲区归一化植被指数对病亡率的HR值,Q_(1)分别为1.218(95%CI:1.197~1.240)和1.231(95%CI:1.210~1.253),Q_(4)分别下降至1.125(95%CI:1.106~1.146)和1.138(95%CI:1.118~1.159)]。结论:大气污染物暴露是初治结核病患者治疗期间的危险因素,更高的绿化程度能够降低因暴露于大气污染物所导致的死亡风险。展开更多
基金The authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University for funding this work under grant number(RGP2/45/43)Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project number(PNURSP2022R135)Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.The authors would like to thank the Deanship of Scientific Research at Umm Al-Qura University for supporting this work by Grant Code:(22UQU4270206DSR02).
文摘Environmental sustainability is the rate of renewable resourceharvesting, pollution control, and non-renewable resource exhaustion. Airpollution is a significant issue confronted by the environment particularlyby highly populated countries like India. Due to increased population, thenumber of vehicles also continues to increase. Each vehicle has its individualemission rate;however, the issue arises when the emission rate crosses thestandard value and the quality of the air gets degraded. Owing to the technological advances in machine learning (ML), it is possible to develop predictionapproaches to monitor and control pollution using real time data. With thedevelopment of the Internet of Things (IoT) and Big Data Analytics (BDA),there is a huge paradigm shift in how environmental data are employed forsustainable cities and societies, especially by applying intelligent algorithms.In this view, this study develops an optimal AI based air quality prediction andclassification (OAI-AQPC) model in big data environment. For handling bigdata from environmental monitoring, Hadoop MapReduce tool is employed.In addition, a predictive model is built using the hybridization of ARIMAand neural network (NN) called ARIMA-NN to predict the pollution level.For improving the performance of the ARIMA-NN algorithm, the parametertuning process takes place using oppositional swallow swarm optimization(OSSO) algorithm. Finally, Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS)classifier is used to classify the air quality into pollutant and non-pollutant.A detailed experimental analysis is performed for highlighting the betterprediction performance of the proposed ARIMA-NN method. The obtainedoutcomes pointed out the enhanced outcomes of the proposed OAI-AQPCtechnique over the recent state of art techniques.
文摘More effective environmental pollution control and management are needed due to the increasing environ-mental impacts from a range of human activities and the growing public demands for a better living environment. Urban air pollution is a serious environmental issue that poses adverse impacts on the health of people and the environment in most metropolitan areas. In this paper,we propose a geoinformatics augmented framework of environmental modelling and information sharing for supporting effective urban air pollution control and management. This framework is out-lined in terms of its key components and processes including: 1) an integrated,adaptive network of sensors for envi-ronmental monitoring; 2) a set of distributed,interoperable databases for data management; 3) a set of intelligent,robust algorithms and models for environmental modelling; 4) a set of flexible,efficient user interfaces for data access and in-formation sharing; and 5) a reliable,high capacity,high performance computing and communication infrastructure for integrating and supporting other framework components and processes.
基金sponsored by National Social Science Fund [grant number 13&ZD172]
文摘Based on an analysis of major recent social events in China,such as the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games,2010 Shanghai World Expo,2014 Nanjing Youth Olympic Games,and 2014 Beijing Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation Conference,mandatory,temporary,and indemnificatory quantitative policies aimed at protecting air quality,which were carried out by both central and local governments,made substantial contributions to changes and improvements in air quality.To some extent,the findings show that command and control measures play a significant role in protecting air quality,while the law and economic and voluntary environmental safeguard measures do not during major social events.Therefore,it reminds us the air quality could and will improve not only during major social events but also in the regular days if we implement appropriate environmental policies and safeguard measures.
文摘The haze has become the necessary thing to talk about everywhere for the Chinese people nowadays and the main report object in the news. It becomes increasingly urgent to develop the circular economy and build a beautiful China. But there exists secretly a game between the central and local governments when the air protection is enforced. The central government calls for implementing the total control system of the key pollutant emission,but the local governments are blandly ignoring the central government＇s requirement as they have to face the pressures of the assessment and performance. And the games among the local governments at the same level and between the governments and enterprises lead that the existing incentive policy through the legislation is inefficiency in China. The amendment about Environmental Law has laid foundation of the legal system for it.
基金Supported by the National Science and Technology Support Plan(2014BAC22B06)Public Welfare Research Project of Science and Technology Department of Anhui Province in 2017(1704f0804056)
文摘With the atmospheric stereoscopic monitoring, air quality forecasting and decision of environment management as the main line, and comprehensive management system as the guidance, five platforms including infrastructure, technological support, monitoring and early monitoring, decision support and information services were established. These platforms have 15 subsystems, including stereoscopic monitoring network, visual business consultation, high-performance computing environment, comprehensive management of atmospheric data, emission inventories of pollu-tion sources, evaluation tools of atmospheric models, monitoring and management of air pollution, forecasting and early warning of air quality, diag-nostic analysis of atmospheric environment, tracking of air pollution sources, emergency management of air pollution, conformity management of air quality, comprehensive display of information, releasing of information to external networks, and releasing of information by mobile networks. The decision support system （DSS） of atmospheric environment management could realize an integration business system of 11 air quality forecast - heavy pollution weather warning - diagnosis of pollution causes （dynamic analysis of pollution sources） -air quality conformity planning （air pollu-tion emergency management） -evaluation of forecasting and warning results （evaluation pf management measures） -air quality forecasting＂ and provide the technical support for the prevention and control of atmosphere pollution in Anhui province.
文摘<div style="text-align:justify;"> Environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) play a critical role in mitigating the degradation of SiC<sub>f</sub>/SiC ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) in complex combustion environment, and improve the service life of thermal engine components. In this paper, by adjusting the parameters of atmospheric plasma spraying (APS), the spraying process of ytterbium disilicate (Yb<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>) under a lower power has been optimized. A two-layer EBC system consisting of ytterbium disilicate and silicon is prepared on the SiC<sub>f</sub>/SiC composite substrate by using optimized technological parameters. The thermal resistance and water oxygen corrosion resistance of such two-layer EBC system are investigated. The results indicate that the current ytterbium disilicate/silicon EBC system exhibits good phase stability, excellent water vapor and oxygen corrosion resistance. However, the exposed silicon bonding layer tends to generate an excessive thermal growth oxide (TGO) layer known as SiO<sub>2</sub>, leading to an early spallation of the coating. </div>
文摘Air pollution is a major environmental problem in the Niger Delta Area (NDA) of Nigeria primarily due to oil and gas-related operational activities. Identifiable sources of air pollution in the NDA include gas flaring, vehicle emissions from internal combustion engines, crude oil pollution, etc. The aim of this research is to evaluate the concentration of air pollutants from crude oil-related activities using air quality parameters in Warri during seasons peculiar to the area of study. The Warri metropolis, one of Nigeria’s largest oil cities, was the sampling region under research in this study. An Aeroqual handheld mobile multi-gas monitor fitted with different sensors of (Carbon Monoxide (CO), air quality multi-meter for Particulate Matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub> and PM<sub>10</sub>), Volatile Organic (VOC), Sulphur dioxide (SO<sub>2</sub>), Ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>), Methane (CH<sub>4</sub>), and air quality index (AQI), was used for the collection of air quality parameter. Linear regression was used to create the model, which was then used to predict the extent of pollution in the locations of study. The average mean concentrations of air pollutants such as CO, NO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub>, VOC, NH<sub>4</sub>, and SO<sub>2</sub> were measured at all sampling sites during wet and dry seasons. The results showed that the levels of these pollutants were above the WHO permissible limits for the majority of the air quality parameters studied in all sixteen locations. The concentration levels of most of the pollutants were higher in the dry season than in the rainy season. The study also found that the pollutants were mainly from fossil fuel combustion and road traffic emissions. Overall, the research provided monitoring data for all air quality pollutants under investigation in the study area and demonstrated that these concentrations exceed regulatory guidelines.
文摘目的:探讨大气污染物和绿地暴露对初治结核病患者治疗期间病亡率的影响,从环境监测层面上为结核病患者的健康管理提供科学依据。方法:收集安徽省合肥市、淮南市、黄山市2015年1月1日至2020年12月31日的29519例初治结核病患者的数据。通过环境监测站收集大气污染物细颗粒物[空气动力学直径≤2.5μm的颗粒(particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter≤2.5μm,PM_(2.5))]、可吸入颗粒物[空气动力学直径≤10μm的颗粒(particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter≤10μm,PM_(10))]、一氧化碳(CO)、二氧化氮(NO_(2))数据。应用Cox比例风险模型计算大气污染物暴露与初治结核病患者病亡率的风险比(HR)及其95%置信区间(95%CI),同时结合绿地暴露进行亚组分析。结果:29519例结核病患者中,有369例(1.25%)在治疗期间死亡。多因素Cox回归分析结果显示,PM_(2.5)每增加10μg/m^(3),患者的死亡风险上升15.6%(HR=1.156,95%CI:1.146~1.165),PM_(10)每增加10μg/m^(3),患者的死亡风险上升18.3%(HR=1.183,95%CI:1.176~1.190),CO每增加0.10 mg/m^(3),患者的死亡风险上升6.7%(HR=1.067,95%CI:1.060~1.074),NO_(2)每增加10μg/m^(3),患者的死亡风险上升2.8%(HR=1.028,95%CI:1.019~1.037)。将绿地暴露按照四分位数(Q_(1)~Q_(4))由低到高进行分组后,大气污染物对病亡率的影响随绿地暴露的提升逐渐降低[以PM_(2.5)为例,其在250 m和500 m缓冲区归一化植被指数对病亡率的HR值,Q_(1)分别为1.218(95%CI:1.197~1.240)和1.231(95%CI:1.210~1.253),Q_(4)分别下降至1.125(95%CI:1.106~1.146)和1.138(95%CI:1.118~1.159)]。结论:大气污染物暴露是初治结核病患者治疗期间的危险因素,更高的绿化程度能够降低因暴露于大气污染物所导致的死亡风险。
