FLOW CHARACTERISTICS OF WALLFLOW DIESEL PARTICULATE FILTER SYSTEM WITH REVERSE PULSE AIR REGENERATION

To simulate steady airflows inside of wall-flow diesel particulate filters （DPF） with different reverse blowing pipes collocation, a mathematical model of the flow in a DPF is established by an equivalent continuum approach. The experimental results agree well with the theoretical values calculated from the model. Simulation shows that the velocity and the pressure distribution of the filters in the regenerative process are key factors to the filter＇s regeneration. How to decrease the mal-distribution of the flow in the filter and how to achieve the better regenerative performance at the least cost of air consumption in the regenerative process are the ultimate goals of the study. Calculation and experiments show that the goals can be realized through adjusting the angle of two reverse blowing pipes and their relative location suitably.

The Modified Envelope Orography and the Air Flow over and around Mountains

By use of the two-layer adiabatic globe spectral model and the zonally averaged climatic data of winter season as initial values, 10-day integrations are carried out based on three kinds of model topography (i.e., (1) the averaged topography; (2) the envelope topography; (3) the modified envelope topography). The results show that the orography of the Northern Hemisphere plays an important role in the simulation of large-scale weather patterns in winter season. The simulation based on the envelope topography developed by Wallace et al. has some improvements in the Rocky Mountains area. But this scheme causes very serious horizontal expansion around the Tibetan Plateau (hereafter referred to as the TV). A modified envelope topography scheme has been worked out that increases the slope of the TP by decreasing the horizontal expansion while keeping the maximum altitude. The results show some improvements of the scheme around the TP. By analysis of the mechanical effects of the large-scale orography on the currents, the different forcings of the air flow over and around the TP and the Rocky Mountain (the RM) are investigated.

Surface Decontamination of Chemical Agent Surrogates Using an Atmospheric Pressure Air Flow Plasma Jet

An atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge （DBD） plasma jet generator using air flow as the feedstock gas was applied to decontaminate the chemical agent surrogates on the surface of aluminum, stainless steel or iron plate painted with alkyd or PVC. The experi- mental results of material decontamination show that the residual chemical agent on the material is lower than the permissible value of the National Military Standard of China. In order to test the corrosion effect of the plasma jet on different material surfaces in the decontamination pro-cess, corrosion tests for the materials of polymethyl methacrylate, neoprene, polyvinyl chloride （PVC）, polyethylene （PE）, phenolic resin, iron plate painted with alkyd, stainless steel, aluminum, etc. were carried out, and relevant parameters were examined, including etiolation index, chroma- tism, loss of gloss, corrosion form, etc. The results show that the plasma jet is slightly corrosive for part of the materials, but their performances are not affected. A portable calculator, computer display, mainboard, circuit board of radiogram, and a hygrometer could work normally after being treated by the plasma jet.

Air flow control based on optimal oxygen excess ratio in fuel cells for vehicles

Air flow control is one of the most important control methods for maintaining the stability and reliability of a fuel cell system, which can avoid oxygen starvation or oxygen saturation. The oxygen excess ratio （OER） is often used to indicate the air flow condition. Based on a fuel cell system model for vehicles, OER performance was analyzed for different stack currents and temperatures in this paper, and the results show that the optimal OER was affected weakly by the stack temperature. In order to ensure the system working in optimal OER, a control scheme that includes an optimal OER regulator and a fuzzy control was proposed. According to the stack current, a reference value of air flow rate was obtained with the optimal OER regulator and then the air compressor motor voltage was controlled with the fuzzy controller to adjust the air flow rate provided by the air compressor. Simulation results show that the control method has good dynamic and static characteristics.

Improvement of uniformity in cultivation environment and crop growth rate by hybrid control of air flow devices

A complete control type plant factory has high efficiency in terms of cultivation area by constructing vertical multiple layered cultivation beds.However,it has a problem of irregular crop growth due to temperature deviation at upper and lower beds and increases in energy consumption by a prolonged cultivation period.In this work,air flow rate inside a facility was improved by a hybrid control of air flow devices like air conditioning and air circulation fan with an established wireless sensor network to minimize temperature deviations between upper and lower beds and to promote crop growth.The performance of proposed system was verified with an experimental environment or Case A wherein air conditioning device was operated without a control algorithm and Case B wherein air conditioning and circulation fans were alternatively operated based on the hybrid control algorithm.After planting leafy vegetables under each experimental condition,crops were cultivated for 21 days.As a result,Case B wherein AC(air conditioning) and ACF(air-circulation fan) were alternatively operated based on the hybrid control algorithm showed that fresh mass,number of leaves,and leaf length for the crops grown were increased by 40.6%,41.1%,and 11.1%,respectively,compared to Case A.

Vacuum and Air Flow for 2QXP-1 Vacuum Precision Seed Metering

Vacuum precision seed metering is the key part of vacuum seed planter. Planting performance of planter is affected by vacuum and air flow which are important parameters for choosing fan. Effects of qualification percent and miss percent on air chamber vacuum 3, 4, 5 and 6 kPa were studied at different operating speeds. The results showed that operating performance of the seed metering was excellent when air chamber vacuum was 5 and 6 kPa, which air flow was 7.4-8.0 m3·s-1 and 8.0-8.8 m3·s-1 , respectively.

SIMULATION OF BLEED AIR BEHAVIOR DURING AIRCRAFT IN FLIGHT BASED ON FLOWMASTER

Bleed air system is one of the most important components of air management system(AMS).It acts as transfer pipes responsible for air supply at high temperature and pressure.The thermal and flow performance of the bleed air system is a key issue for the design of AMS since the characteristics of air source have a great influence on the anti-ice system,the environmental control system and other downstream system in need of high temperature pressurized air.Based on the one-dimensional lumped parameter technology,a computer analysis model of bleed air system is developed in order to analyze the thermal and flow behaviors of the nodal points in the pipeline network.The simulation are performed with a given flight assignment using the analysis model,and the results verify that the system meets the design requirements.

Influence of Air Flow Rate on Functional Evaluation of Semicircular Canals

Objective To study the influence of unilateral air flow rate change on the result of caloric test.Materials and Methods The unilateral weakness(UW) index was calculated when the air flow rate was set at 6 L /min in both ears(called symmetric stimulation) and again when it was set at 6 L /min in left ear and 3 L /min in the right ear(called asymmetric stimulation).Each individual subject was tested with both symmetrical and asymmetrical stimulations.Paired t test was used to examine the differences between results from symmetrical and asymmetrical stimulations.Result UW index decreased in response to asymmetrical stimulation.Conclusion Unilaterally decreased air flow rate can produce indices suggesting ipsilateral UW,which can be misleading.

Jing-Jin-Ji Air-Rail Intermodality System Study Based on Beijing New Airport

After the completion of Beijing New Airport, air-rail intermodality will become an important means of internal and external links in Jing-Jin-Ji Region. Jing-Jin-Ji Air-Rail Intermodality System is built and 7 sub-systems are divided based on user demand analysis. Refer to the passenger process, the business process of the system is planned and the sub-systems are described using data flow diagram. The system provides theoretical support for the development of air-rail intermodal in Jing-Jin-Ji region.

金属非金属矿山深井通风关键技术与工程实施对策

介绍了金属非金属深井开采通系统风面临的主要困境,论述了深井通风的关键问题,并探索制定了工程实施方案。深井智能的关键在于建立统一的环境监测评估系统、降尘制冷系统、通风能耗综合判定系统以及通风构筑物智能控制系统,并根据不同的采矿工艺条件,进行合理的采准工程设计,提高风流风量、冷量有效利用率。实施深井智能通风工程是金属非金属矿山可持续、高效、安全发展的保障。

风冷螺杆空压机测试系统及环境参数对性能影响研究

针对大型风冷螺杆空压机散热量大,会使周围环境温湿度迅速发生变化的特点,设计了一种局部排风的空压机性能测试系统,并探究环境参数变化对空压机容积流量和比功率的影响。结果表明:测试环境温度均匀性能达到0.5℃以内,空压机进气口温度波动度在±0.3℃以内,确保了测试环境的稳定性;空压机的容积流量受环境温度和相对湿度的耦合影响,空压机处于低环境湿度时,相对湿度影响更大,处于高环境湿度时,则相反;空压机的比功率随着测试环境温度和相对湿度的增加而增大,受环境温度的影响更大;在测试范围内,环境相对湿度为50%,温度为20℃时,空压机性能最好。研究结果可为根据实际运行环境选定空压机提供一定的理论指导。

有限空间内电子芯片风冷系统的优化研究

芯片的冷却问题已经成为限制电子设备发展的技术瓶颈之一。本文通过数值模拟,对某人脸识别电子芯片在有限空间内的散热问题展开优化研究。研究芯片温升与轴流风扇流量、进风面积、芯片工作功率的关系,并通过多目标优化得到更加符合当前目标需求的芯片及风扇的工作参数。研究结果表明,轴流风扇流量从0增加到9CFM范围内,芯片温升下降约56%;风扇进风面积从0.031 m^(2)增大到0.196 m^(2),芯片温升上升13%;随着芯片功率增加,芯片稳定工作的温升呈线性提升。通过多目标优化设计,得到的芯片及风扇的工作参数为P=5.87 W,Q=1.056 CFM,A=0.041 m^(2)。

Numerical analysis of the return flow solar air heater(RF-SAH)with assimilation of V-type artificial roughness

A novel design of Return Flow Solar Air Heater(RFSAH)with different arrangements of baffles especially V-Type Artificial roughness is simulated and numerically analyzed with energy balance equations.To enhance the effectiveness of baffles,numerous studies have been conducted.The performance of the RFSAH is studied in terms of thermal efficiency,thermo-hydraulic efficiency,and optimization of baffle parameters.Maximum Thermal efficiency and thermo-hydraulic efficiency are found in RFSAH with baffle on both sides of the absorber plate and mass flow rate above 0.2kg/s.Sensitivity analysis of the influencing parameters is carried out and reported the best performance of the system on selective geometrical parameters(ψ=0.7,β=20%,e/H=1,p/e=0.8,α=60°).The results obtained from the present model are validated with the published experimental results and have been found in quite reasonable agreement with an average error of 16.45%.Thermal and Thermohydraulic efficiency of RFSAH with a baffle on both sides of the absorber plate is maximum among baffles below,above,and on both sides of the absorber plate.It is observed that the thermal efficiency of RFSAH is greater than SF-SAH.The proposed optimum baffles roughness is suggested to increase the air upholding time period for more efficient output.

气侧均流装置对冷却三角单元流动传热特性影响的实验研究

对于间接空冷系统冷端基本传热元件−冷却三角单元,通过在其加装及相邻未加装气侧均流装置冷却三角单元内的两侧冷却柱沿散热管束横向布置风速、风温、壁温测点,进一步在左右两侧出水柱布置壁温测点,对比分析两侧冷却柱沿散热管束横向迎风风速、风温、壁温及出水壁温的变化规律,研究气侧均流装置对冷却三角单元流动传热特性及出水壁温分布的影响机制。研究结果表明:加装气侧均流装置后冷却三角单元两侧冷却柱沿散热管束横向迎风风温、壁温分布更加均匀,两侧出水柱壁温均值更低,且降低了两侧出水柱壁温差,气侧均流装置优化了两侧冷却柱的换热均匀性。

夏热冬暖地区办公建筑空调系统节能优化研究

随着社会经济的高速发展,办公建筑的数量及能耗日趋增加,为了缓解能源紧缺现状,对既有办公建筑的节能改造成为节约能耗、降低碳排放的重要手段之一。对于夏热冬暖地区,其办公建筑能耗主要为空调系统制冷,本文基于深圳市某办公建筑的原始空调系统,提出两种基于空调系统主要设备的节能优化方案,即磁悬浮机组+变频冷冻水系统、变流量机组+变频变流量系统。通过Trnsys软件对提出的2种优化方案进行对比分析。结果表明,对冷水机组进行设备改换和采用变频技术能在一定程度上降低空调系统能耗,系统的COP有较大的提升。

马达控制中心空调系统气流组织仿真模拟研究

对马达控制中心(MCC)机房空调系统不同送风方式和不同送风温度下机房内的温度场、速度场等空气分布特性进行模拟研究,结果验证了地板下送上回气流组织方式的优越性。为保证机柜运行稳定,节约冷量,且有一定的温度裕度,最后选择MCC机房的送风温度为20℃。同时,分析了MCC机房气流组织评价的指标,发现不论换气效率还是能量利用率,下送上回皆优于上送侧回方式。

中央空调系统诊断分析应用研究

通过测试某办公楼大厅中央空调系统,检测环境品质,发现该系统存在人机温度不适中、空气清新度差、运行能耗较高等问题。论述了通过系统诊断及数据分析,以寻求问题症结的过程,在最低成本控制的条件下,采用风平衡调试等系统运行策略,改善大厅气流组织,解决了某大厅环境温度不适中的问题,并有效提供了一套“人机同室”的中央空调系统运行策略。该策略既降低了系统能耗,又提高了大厅内的环境舒适度和工作人员满意度,为“人机同室”室内温度难以调节等问题贡献了研究资料,具有一定的推广应用价值。

基于多信号流图的大气数据系统故障诊断

针对传统无人机大气数据系统故障诊断依赖专家经验、故障定位不准确的问题,提出了基于多信号流图的大气数据系统故障诊断方法。通过分析大气数据系统的组成结构和故障模式影响与危害度分析,采用多信号流图方法对某型无人机大气数据系统关键部件进行测试性分析,得到大气数据系统的故障-测试相关性矩阵。针对传统实时测试性工程与维护系统(Real-Time Testability Engineering and Ma-intenance System,TEAMS-RT)算法诊断速度较慢的问题,对TEAMS-RT算法进行优化研究,提出了一种基于TEAMS-RT的矩阵分解优化(简称Tree-RT)算法,在此基础上对D矩阵分别采用Tree-RT算法和测试一致性算法对大气数据系统进行故障注入试验。试验结果表明,Tree-RT算法对故障注入试验的诊断率为94.62%,高于基于测试一致性算法85.73%的诊断率,证明了大气数据系统多信号流图和Tree-RT算法的有效性,为无人机大气数据系统的故障诊断相关研究提供了技术支撑。

水源多联式空调系统设计实践与分析

以地处夏热冬暖地区的福州市某集团办公楼为例,阐述了水源多联式空调系统的构成、公共水环路的科学规划、循环水泵组变频控制策略的制定、冬季外部热源的选择等设计要点,并分析了其主要技术指标。分析结果显示,水源多联式空调系统经过科学、合理设计,制冷工况下较风冷多联式空调系统更节能、低碳、环境友好。在夏热冬暖及夏热冬冷地区空调供暖时,受限于室外机对水流量的低限要求,循环水泵组能耗居高不下,水源多联式空调系统能耗则高于风冷多联式空调系统。建议设备厂商在水源多联机的换热效率方向进行优化,降低室外机对水流量的低限要求。

基于客流规律的地铁通风空调系统节能运行研究

随着城市地铁系统的快速发展,能耗需求越来越大,合理优化地铁环境,降低能耗标准至关重要。通过对设备运行状况、城市气候环境、客流分布规律、车站通风工艺及行内运营经验等进行数据分析,经过理论论证后选择部分车站开展实践测试。结果证明,车站的温度和二氧化碳指标均符合我国国家标准范围,通过计算每年能耗能够节约200余万元,研究成果满足运营需求,并且比传统的通风空调系统运行方案更加绿色环保,符合低碳型社会的发展趋势。